• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.433-448
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• 2020

In this study, the tasks of thermal equilibrium and heat insulation concept were divided into scientific and everyday contexts to analyzed the level of familiarity, feeling of knowing, state curiosity, and state anxiety that students feel in task contexts and their relationship. The subjects of this study were One hundred nine students in sixth grade of elementary schools located in metropolitan cities. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was no difference in the level of feeling of knowing, state curiosity, and state anxiety in the task of scientific and everyday contexts. In the case of familiarity, there was no consistent tendency in the concept of thermal equilibrium and heat insulation. And the group who recognized the task context familiarly had higher feeling of knowing and lower state anxiety than the group who recognized the task context unfamiliarly. Second, familiarity and feeling of knowing showed high positive correlation, state anxiety and familiarity showed negative correlation, and state anxiety and feeling of knowing had also negative correlation. In addition, familiarity had a negative effect on state anxiety, and FOK had a positive effect on state curiosity and a negative effect on state anxiety. There was no significant moderating effect of the task context. Third, in case of state curiosity, the group perceived the knowledge gap was very small had the highest state curiosity, and the group perceived the knowledge gap was very large had the lowest state curiosity. In case of state anxiety, the less the knowledge gap was perceived, the lower the anxiety was triggered. This study broadens our understanding of the learning process and provides implications for effective instruction strategies for students' cognitive and emotional states.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2006

The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of children's familiarity with a task and teachers' feedback on their problem solving performances. It was assumed that children's' problem solving performance would be different depending on the children's familiarity with a task and the feedback from teachers. The study also examined whether children's' problem solving competence would be different depending on their gender and age. The experiment was conducted with two experimental tools. The subjects were 58 children who were 5 to 6-year-old, enrolled in kindergartens in Koyang city in Kyunggi province. The collected data were processed with SPSS 11.0 program to get the average and the standard deviations, and with one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results of the experiment are as follows; First, children's' problem solving competence was different depending on their age. Older children showed higher performance than younger children, while there's no difference in children's performance depending on their gender. Second, the teachers' feedback didn't influence children's problem solving performance. Third, children showed higher performance when familiar tasks were provided, compared to when typical tasks were provided. Finally, this study found that children's task familiarity has an influence on their problem solving performance.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Purpose : The aims of this study was to identify changes mu rhythm according to familiarity with a stimulus in people with stroke. Methods : Seventeen right-handed participants were asked to observe 2 different stimulus; a non-familiarity stimulus condition (NFSC), and a familiarity stimulus condition (FSC). Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from electrodes on the participant's scalp were recorded during action observation. The activation of the mirror neuron system was compaired between FSC and NFSC by a paired t-test. An independent t-test was used to compare the difference between right and left hemispheres for the activation of the mirror neuron system during action observation of performing a task with the right hand. Results : The result of paired t-test showed no significantly difference between NFSC and FSC in the activation of the mirror neuron system. The Result of independent t-test also showed no significantly difference in the activation of mirror neuron system between the right and left hemispheres. Conclusion : The familiarity with a stimulus had no signigicant effect on the activation of the mirror neuron system according to the familiarity and in either the right or left hemispheres in people with chronic stroke.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.466-476
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• 2010

본 연구는 관용어의 친숙도, 성별, 학업성취도가 관용어 이해하기에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대학생을 대상으로 관용어 친숙도를 조사하여 50개의 관용어를 친숙한 관용어와 친숙하지 않은 관용어로 분류하였다. 이를 토대로 예비검사와 본 검사를 실시하였다. 본 검사에서 대학교 1학년 학생 63명을 대상으로 관용어 이해과제를 실시하고, 학업성취도를 조사한 결과 첫째, 관용어의 친숙도에 따라서 관용어 이해하기에는 차이가 있어 친숙한 관용어를 친숙하지 않은 관용어에 비해 더 잘 이해하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 성별에 따라서 관용어 이해하기에는 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 학업성취도에 따라서 관용어 이해하기에는 차이가 있어 학업성취도가 가장 높은 집단은 가장 낮은 집단에 비해 관용어를 더 잘 이해하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 관용어 특성 이해, 관용어 교육 및 외국인 우리말 교육의 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 인지과학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

관찰자가 대상이나 상황에 관해 느끼는 주관적인 간극을 심리적 거리라고 한다. 심리적 거리는 개인이 그 대상과 상황에 대해 취하는 의사결정과 행위에 영향을 끼친다. 본 연구는 친숙감의 수준이 심리적 거리의 형성에 끼치는 효과를 탐색하였다. 친숙한 자극이 덜 친숙한 자극에 비해 심리적으로 더 가깝게 느껴진다면, 자극이 유발하는 친숙감 수준이 자극의 지각된 공간적 거리와 상호작용할 것으로 예상하였다. 각 실험에서 참가자들은 먼저 사전 노출 단계에서 세 개의 무의미 단어를 경험하였다. 선행연구들에 따르면 친숙감은 자극의 노출 횟수와 지각적 유창성(perceptual fluency)의 영향을 받는다. 따라서 참가자들이 단어 판단 과제를 수행하는 동안, 무의미 단어들은 각기 다른 수준의 빈도(실험 1)와 선명도(실험 2)로 제시되었다. 그 다음 단계에서 참가자들은 가장 친숙한 무의미 단어와 가장 덜 친숙한 무의미 단어를 가지고 거리 스트룹 과제를 수행하였다. 각각의 단어들은 깊이 단서가 분명한 장면 사진들 속에서 지각적으로 가깝거나 먼 장소에 출현하였다. 그 결과, 두 실험 모두에서 단어의 친숙감과 공간적 거리 간 상호작용이 유의미하였다. 친숙한 단어는 가까운 위치에서 제시되었을 때 빠른 판단반응을 유발하였고 상대적으로 덜 친숙한 단어는 먼 위치에서 제시되었을 때 빠른 판단 반응을 유발하였다. 이러한 결과는 친숙감에 대한 상위인지적 평가(metacognitive evaluation)가 심리적 거리의 형성을 뒷받침하는 주요 요인임을 의미한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2013

The metacognitive experience of the ease or difficulty with which new, external information can be processed, referred to as 'processing fluency,' has been shown to influence a wide range of human judgments including truth judgments, familiarity judgments, risk perception, evaluation, and preference (see Alter and Oppenheimer 2009 for a review). The current research explores the possibility of a consumer's product innovativeness judgment based on the difficulty of processing new information. In specific, this study examines if the inferential link between (dis)fluency-(un)familiarity can feed into the perception of innovativeness. This study also explores how a consumer's processing motivation can moderate the consumer's reliance on processing fluency in judgments and how the influence of fluency can vary depending on judgment task orders. In an experiment, participants rated a new product's innovativeness and then indicated their product attitude (or vice versa depending on the judgment task order condition) after reading a product review article that was printed in either an easy-to-read or a difficult-to-read font (for fluency manipulation). The findings show that low need for cognition individuals infer higher product innovativeness when processing product information is difficult rather than easy, consistent with the common assumption that 'new information is more difficult to process than familiar information.' The findings also suggest that once low fluency is attributed to innovativeness, it may no longer lead to a negative response to the product. High need for cognition individuals' judgments on product innovativeness are not affected by fluency. The findings also demonstrate a judgment task order effect on the use of fluency in judgments (e.g., Xu and Schwarz 2005). This study provides the first evidence that an individual's fluency experience can be used as a source of information in product innovativeness judgments especially under low processing motivation conditions. The findings can help marketers better understand the malleability of consumer judgments and perceptions of product characteristics (e.g., product innovativeness) by demonstrating an interesting interplay of processing fluency, processing motivation, and judgment task-related contextual factors.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

SW 교육의 중요성이 증대되면서 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비버챌린지 2018 체험하기와 도전하기 그룹III의 과제를 초등학교 5학년 55명을 대상으로 실시한 후 평균점수 비교, 스마트폰 보유여부, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도, 학업능력 요소와의 관련성 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 체험하기 점수에 비해 도전점수의 평균, 정답률, 난이도별 정답률 모두 높아졌고, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도가 높을수록 도전점수가 높아졌지만, 스마트폰 보유여부와 학업능력 요소는 점수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한, 난이도가 어려운 과제에서는 인내심 요소가, 난이도가 보통인 과제에서는 컴퓨터 친숙도 요소가, 난이도가 쉬운 과제에서는 집중도 요소가 점수에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서, 추후 분석대상과 그룹 범위를 넓혀 평가영역도 추가하여 분석할 필요가 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

Electroencephalogram(EEG) would be the most objective psychophysiological research technique on human errors though few research has been taken yet. This study aimed to get characteristics of human error while committing simple Odd-Ball tasks by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data. Each experiment was composed of 3 tasks with different rules, and 8 young undergraduate students participated in this study as paid subjects. The result showed in the affirmative that subject and the interaction of subject and task factors were statistically significant on variation of $\alpha$ band power $P_{\alpha/(\alpha+\beta+\theta)}$ and $\beta$ band power $P_{\beta/(\alpha+\beta+\theta)}$, and that the former increasing in backward direction to Pz reflects compatibility whereas the latter increasing in forward direction to Fz reflects familiarity. Therefore it was coucluded that, since task 2 carried out in the present research requiring decoding process would be more difficult to human beings than the task merely requiring psychological recall process, task 1 and task 3 were classified into a homogenious group excluding task 2, and the ratio $\alpha$ band power to $\beta$ band power indicated enormous increase of $\alpha$ band power relative to $\beta$ band power in the cases of contra-lateral errors, especially in task 2.

• 산업공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 1994

Despite extensive research on various factors affecting the effectiveness of decision support systems (DSS), considerable ambiguity still exists regarding the role and influence of the experience on the given task and the decision support system. Although researchers have advocated DSS effectiveness as a multi-dimensional construct, specific results regarding the effect of the familiarity in the task and the DSS on the problem-solving time is still lacking. The study reported here attempts to find the effect of the peculiarity of the problem-solving process on the problem-solving time. The results of the study highlight that the expertise in both the task and the DSS have made the shortage of the problem-solving time. However, more research about the generalized performance measure on the DSS is required.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.658-668
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• 2015

현재 한국에서 수학하고 있는 중국인 한국어 학습자의 숫자는 점차적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 이들이 한국어를 익히고 한국 사회에서 생활하기 위해서는 그 나라의 문화적 특색을 많이 포용하고 있는 관용어에 대한 이해가 수반이 되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 전라남도 S 대학에 재학 중인 중국인 학습자들을 대상으로 과제유형(문맥여부, 친숙도, 투명도)에 따른 관용어 이해 양상을 살펴보고, 나아가 한국 거주기간, 한국어 능력 및 전공에 따른 관용어 이해 차이가 있는지도 살펴보았다. 이와 더불어 이들의 오류 패턴 분석을 통해 한국의 관용어를 어떠한 방식으로 이해하고 있는 가를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 이들은 과제유형에 따른 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 변인에 따른 관용어의 이해에 있어서는 성별, 한국어 능력 및 전공에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 중국인 한국어 학습자의 관용어 이해에서 오류 패턴을 살펴본 결과 독립과제에서는 문자적 오류 외의 오류 비율이 높았으며, 문맥과제에 있어서는 문맥과 관련한 오류가 높은 비율로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 따른 시사점을 논의하였다.