• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixed pasture using domestic varieties orchardgrass 'Kodione' and tall fescue 'Purumi' on forage yields and botanical composition from 2013 to 2015 in middle region of Korea. The following mixed pastures were used in this study: treatment A (orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties), treatment B (orchardgrass oriented mixture), treatment C (orchardgrass and tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment D (tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment E (tall fescue oriented mixture without orchardgrass), treatment F (only orchardgrass), and treatment G (only tall fescue). In botanical compositions at last cutting time in 2015, treatment A had orchardgrass at 7.1%, tall fescue at 47.9%, kentucky bluegrass at 15.2% and white clover at 25%. Meanwhile, treatment B had orchardgrass at 25.9%, tall fescue at 47.0%, kentucky bluegrass at 4.9% and white clover at 18.3%. Consequentially, in botanical composition from 2014 to 2015, treatment A was changed more compare to other treatments B, C, D and E. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years of treatment E (18,369 kg/ha) was the highest among the seven treatments, but there was no significant difference among other treatments except treatment A (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of treatment A were 14.5% and 74.8%, and treatment E were 14.1% and 73.0%, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower in treatment E and A than other treatments, and treatment E showed high content of total digestible nutrient (TDN). Therefore, tall fescue oriented mixture using domestic tall fescue variety Purumi had good forage productivity, quality and botanical composition in middle region of Korea for the establishment of grassland.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1987

A pot experiment conducted to investigate the root elongation and weight of grasses, i.e. Orchardgrass, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass under the conditions adjusted pH of half vertical part of pot soil to seven levels from 2 to 8. 1. Root growth was drastically decreased as soil pH was lowed. 2. Higer the soil pH, longer the root length. Increase of soil pH to 6 increased the root length of orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. 3. Regardless of grass species, most of roots distributed to the soil which adjusted pH from 6 to 7. 4. Dry weight of root was increased to pH 7 of soil in orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass and was 55 to 78% of production of pH 6 compared with soil pH 7. In case of tall fescue, dry root weight in the soil pH 7 was 69.8% of root weight growed in soil pH 6.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

This study was performed to develop the plantable concrete block using rice straw ash and apply for inclined plane. For the planting, plantable concrete block needs infiltration of water and air through void of block. The materials used for plantable concrete block are cement, rice straw ash, and coarse aggregate (5-10, 10-20 mm). Plantable block size is $23\times23\times4$ cm, and species of planting are Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata. At the 6 months after seeding, germination ratio and grown-up length of Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata are shown in 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40~50 cm, 90~120 cm, 60~75 cm, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tall type mixtures and turf type mixtures on dry matter yield, botanical composition and quality. The experimental design includes two mixture types : Tall type mixtures; orchardgrass (Potomac) 50+tall fescue (Fawn) 20+ Kentucky bluegrass (Kenblue) 10+red clover (Kenland) 20%) and turf type mixtures; Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 60%+tall fescue (reboil Jr.) 20+perennial ryegrass (palmer II) 20%. The DM yield was higher obtained in tall type mixture than that of turf type mixture (p<0.05). In the chemical composition, Turf type mixture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin than those of tall type mixture (p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in tall type mixture than turf type mixture (p<0.05). In this experiment, nutritive value of turf type mixture was higher than that of tall type mixture, but CPDM and DDM yield of turf type mixture were lower than that of turf type mixture due to low dry matter yield. On the other hand, turf type mixture was obtained high feed value, and maintaining the various botanical composition on the 13 th cutting frequency condition. therefore, turf type mixture had a utilization possibility under grazing livestock as sheep and milk goats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2001

This experiment evaluates wintering ability to maintain green color of lawn grasses during winter and investigates the effects of top dressing of fertilizer on improving green color during regrowth. Kentucky blue-grass could maintain green color and leaf chlorophyll content better than tall fescue and creeping bentgrass in winter. All three grasses in this experiment have shown the excellent wintering ability. In enhancing the recovery of green color at the early stage of regrowth, the mulching effect with rice straw was highly significant for creeping bentgrass. Green color recovery in grasses during its regrowth was better at the top dressing plots than at the plots without top dressing, but when fertilizer application levels were increased, green color in lawn grass did not significantly change. Although green color in tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and Korean lawngrass could be maintained during summer, the green color of creeping bentgrass is reduced significantly with high temperature. Top dressing after winter and mowing improved leaf chlorophyll content and green color in tail fescue and Kentucky bluegrass significantly. However, Korean lawngrass did not respond significantly with increased levels of fertilizer.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 1995

The study is aimed to understand effects of ethephon(lmg/1), ABA(0.lrng/l), BA(0.lmg/l). and NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment on the seed germination of perennial ryegrass 'Dandy', creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks', tall fescue 'Arid' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw'. These experiments are carried in vitro and their results are summarized as the followings ; In case of ethephon (lmg /1) soaking treatment of seed, the early germination of tall fescue 'Arid' and perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' was good without the soaking times. creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' obtained the best results at 12 hr. soking treatment, and the longer the soaking time, the higher the germination percentage. The early germination percentage of tall fescue 'Arid' and perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' increased more highly at ABA(0. tmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control. The germination percent-age of creeping loentgrass 'Penlink' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' had respectively the best results at 6hr. and l2hr. soaking treatment. The early germination percentage of tall fescue 'Arid' and kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw'increased more highly at BA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control, and especially had the best results in 6hr. soaking treatment. perennial ryegrass 'Dandy' had the best results at l0min. soaking treatment, and the longer the soaking time, the lesser the germination percentage. The early germination of perennial ryegrass 'Dandy'. creeping bentgrass 'Penlinks' and tall fes- cue 'Arid' increased more highly at NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment than at the control, and especially had the best results at l2hr. soaking treatment. However, the germination of Kentucky bluegrass 'Nasaw' seeds inhibited at NAA (0.lmg /1) soaking treatment. Key words: Ethephon, ABA, BA, NAA, Soaking treatment, Seed germination.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2005

The objective of this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various legumes in mixtures: AA mixtures(orchardgrass 40%+tall fescue 25%+Kentucky bluegrass 15%+alfalfa 20%), RC mixtures (orchardgrass 40% + tall fescue 25% + Kentucky bluegrass 15% + red clover 20%) and WC mixtures (orchardgrass 50% + tall fescue 25% + Kentucky bluegrass 15% + white clover 10%). The field trials were conducted from 2000 to 2003 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and forage quality on different legumes in mixtures. The dry matter yield was significantly higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures(p<0.05). In the chemical composition, the content of crude protein and dry matter digestibility were higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures. However, the content of fibrous constituents of WC mixtures was lower than in other mixtures. The yields of crude protein dry matter and digestible dry matter were significantly higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures. In botanical composition of alfalfa, red clover and white clover in each mixture were maintained 21%, 36% and 48% respectively, at the last cutting time in 2003. The results of this experiment indicated that WC mixtures were more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality, but it needs to control the optimum botanical composition of WC.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the optimum dose ranges for a mutation breeding based on the observations of a seed germination and an early growth in turfgrasses. Three warm season (Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, and Seashore paspalum) and four cool season turfgrasses (Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, Perennial ryegrass, and Creeping bentgrass) were used in this study. We investigated the percentage of a seed germination and a seedling growth after irradiating the turfgrass seeds with various doses of gamma-ray (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 Gy). After 24 h with a gamma irradiation, the seeds were sown on the wet filter paper in a petri dish and maintained for 3 weeks at 30$^{\circ}C$ for the warm season turfgrasses and at 25$^{\circ}C$ for the cool season turfgrasses. Data on a seed germination and a seedling growth with three replications were collected. The percentage of seed germination was decreased with an increase of the gamma-ray dose. Shoot and root growth, and the fresh weight were decreased significantly as the radiation dose was increased. A radiation dose indicating a 50% growth inhibition ($LD_{50}$) with a gamma irradiation was varied among those turfgrass species used, with the highest at about 500 Gy for bermudagrass and the lowest at 100Gy for tall fescue. The optimum dose for a gamma irradiation for a selection of turfgrass mutants was considered to be about 300, 150, 500, 150, 200, 100 and 200 Gy for zoysiagrass, seashore paspalum, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping bentgrass, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2021

CH₄-oxidizing and N₂O-reducing bacterial consortia were enriched from the rhizosphere soils of maize (Zea mays) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis was performed to comparatively analyze the bacterial communities of the consortia with those of the rhizosphere soils. Additionally, the effect of root exudate on CH₄ oxidation and N₂O reduction activities of the microbes was evaluated. Although the inoculum sources varied, the CH₄-oxidizing and N₂O-reducing consortia derived from maize and tall fescue were similar. The predominant methanotrophs in the CH₄-oxidizing consortia were Methylosarcina, Methylococcus, and Methylocystis. Among the N₂O-reducing consortia, the representative N₂O-reducing bacteria were Cloacibacterium, Azonexus, and Klebsiella. The N₂O reduction rate of the N₂O-reducing consortium from maize rhizosphere and tall fescue rhizosphere increased by 1.6 and 2.7 times with the addition of maize and tall fescue root exudates, respectively. The CH₄ oxidization activity of the CH₄-oxidizing consortia did not increase with the addition of root exudates. The CH₄-oxidizing and N₂O-reducing consortia can be used as promising bioresources to mitigate non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions during remediation of oil-contaminated soils.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2024

Given the recent increases in feed cost, the demand for rice straw has been increasing on dairy farms because it is cheaper than expensive imported forages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of rice straw feeding on the growth and productivity of dairy heifers. This study compared how feeding tall fescue and rice straw affects the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost of heifers. we compared the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost for each group during the breeding period. Body height was higher in the tall fescue-fed group than in the rice straw-fed group (p<0.05). The length of the growing stage was significantly shorter in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001) and the age at calving also showed a significant reduction in the tall fescue group compared to the rice straw group (p<0.001). However, the feed cost was lower in the rice straw group because of the difference in the unit price of forage (p<0.001). Based on these results, during the growing period, the rice straw group had delays in growth and the age at first calving compared to the tall fescue group, but also had reduced feed costs in the short term.