• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

The environmental impact of nutrient waste from agriculture has become an area of concern as ways to produce more food and of offspring. In dairy cattle, as the genetic capacity for milk production has increased, decreased fertility has become a severe problem by feeding high dietary protein, resulting in high concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). There are numerous reports on BUN which is associated with reduced conception rates and closely related to body condition score (BCS) in lactating cattle, but not in Korean native cattle. This study was therefore performed to investigate the relation of BUN to both BCS and conception rates in Korean cattle. A total of 400 female Korean cattle (2∼5 years) in Daewanryong were used for this experiment. Feeding condition divided into two groups depending on grazing and darn feeding period. In grazing period, the mixture of Timothy, Orchard grass and Tall fescue, and concentrates (2.5 kg/day) was fed whereas hay (6.5 kg/day) and corn silage (20 kg/day) were fed while barn feeding period. Average BUN concentration at grazing and barn feeding were 7.39$\pm$2.65 mg/㎗ and 12.36$\pm$2.92 mg/㎗, respectively. During grazing period, high rates of pregnancy showed at 4∼8 mg/㎗ BUN concentration. In barn feeding period, 66%, of cattle were in pregnant at 8∼l4 mg/㎗ BUN concentration. The BCS for obtaining high rate of pregnancy raged at 2.5∼3.5. However, BUN did not directly relate to BCS in Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 1995

Temporal variation of demersal fish in Asan Bay was determined by analyzing seasonal samples collected by an otter tyawl from November 1990 to August 1993. Of 49 species identified, Cynogiossus joyneri, Thrissa koreans and Johnius belengerii predominated in abundance, consisting of $84.7\%$ in fish numbers and $70.5\%$ in biomass. The number of species did not show any significant seasonal variation. Fish numbers and biomass were comparatively high 3n spring, summer and tall, and low in winter. Community structure, analyzed by principal component analysis using rank correlation, showed a clear seasonal trend, which seems to be related to the seasonal effects such as temperature. The number of species and their abundance in the study area were lower than those in other embayments of Korean peninsula. It seems that unstability of the sediments by tidal mixing caused this phenomenon. The total number of species decreased annually. The species of which the frequency of occurrence tends to diminish as time were mainly composed of the species which rarely occurred with low abundance.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.738-748
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• 2010

In order to clarify the impact of variation of albedo on the atmospheric boundary layer caused by the density of building in urban areas, both satellite data analysis and numerical experiments were carried out. Utilized satellite data were multi-spectral visible data detected by the Korea Multi- Purpose Satellite -2 (KOMSAT-2), and the numerical models for the estimation of surface heat budget are Albedo Calculation Model (ACM) and Oregon State University Planetary Boundary Layer model (OSUPBL). In satellite data analysis, the estimated albedo in densely populated building area is lower than other regions by 17% at the maximum due to the shadow effect of skyscraper buildings. The surface temperature reached $43.5^{\circ}C$ in the highly dense and tall building area and $37.4^{\circ}C$ in the coarse density area of low buildings, respectively. However, the low albedo in densely integrated building area is not directly related to the increase of surface air temperature since the mechanical turbulence induced by the roughness of buildings is more critical in its impact than the decrease of albedo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

To construct buildings on limited land, the size of the building is important. The development process needs to be minimized because determining the size of a structurally safe building at the planning stage incurs considerable time and cost. This study proposes the Limit Slenderness Ratio Approximation Equation. This study examined an outrigger structure system among several systems proposed for controlling the lateral displacement in tall buildings. This study compared the Limit Slenderness Ratio Approximation Equation with the approximate equation by changing the variables of the building model, and examined the size of the building using the approximate Equation. As an analysis program, the MAIDAS architectural structural analysis program was used to conduct model-specific analysis. The appropriate scale of the building to minimize the error between the approximate value calculated by the Limit Slenderness Ratio Approximation Equation and the analysis result of the structural analysis program is as follows. As the number of outrigger installation increases, the error can be reduced; the ratio of the cores is reasonable, from 20% to 30%, and the arrangement of the column is suitable only for the outer column without an internal column.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.65-84
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between the beauty of human body and the fashion illustration in each period And I attained my object through the investigation of features and changes of illustration which is given a vivid description of the features and development of ideal humam body beauty. By various methods I studied this subject. Frist I refered to sundry records Secondly I investiated the fashion illustrations which are included in Vogue. On the basis of this data I grasped the ideal types of human body beauty which is founded during the social change in each 10 years. And I analyzed the relation be-tween the ideal type and fashion illustration which show the change of fashion. The summary of result is as follows. 1. In the early part of the 20th century the beauty of human body is represented with the figure of large-sized beauty which emphasize shoulder and bust. And fashion ikllustration show 9 life-size broad shoulder full bust lim waist and hourglass silhouette. 2, In the 1910s the swell of strength vanishes gradually and shoulder and sleeve are straight type. And fashion illustration show 7 life-size high waist line. And that is tublar sil-houette of high waist and streamline shape in which bust and hip are not emphasized. 3. In the 1920s the ideal type of human body beauty is straight type which shows flat bust and unexaggerate hip. And fashion illus-tration is about 8 life-size tublar silhouette of low waist and lunger and slimmer and young style in which bust and hip are not emph-asized. 4. In the 1930s the ideal is womamly slim and long style. Fashion illustration is about 8 life-size and slim & long silhouette in which waist line is emphasized and bust and hip line come out. 5. In the 1940s the ideal type is womamly style which has narrow shoulder rich bast and slim waist. And fashion illustration is about 7 life-size and hourglass silhouette which has unartificial shoulder slim waist and empha-sized bust. 6. In the 1950s the ideal type is that of ro-bust health which emphasize build and muscu-lar system. And fashion illustration is 8.5 life-size and show full bust and made waist slimmer. That is sheath silhouette. 7. In the child who has full face with large eyeball slender and long leg: narrow and immatured body comparatively big head. And fashion illus-tration is 7 life-size and show slim and long neck flat bust long and slim limbs and big head. That is H type silhouette. 8. In the 1970s the ideal type is high stat-ure flat breast small hip and wide shoulders. And fashion illustration is wide shoulders and slim waist as 11 life-size and straight sil-houete. 9. In the 1980s the ideal type is extremely emphasized breadth of shoulder because healthy body and muscle are recognized as the symbol of ideal attractiveness. And fashion il-lustration is about 8.5 life-size and show mus-cular slim type that is slim silhouette. 10 At the present time the ideal type is slim and tall type which is empasized healthy beauty. And fashion illustration is 12 life-size which has healthy body and skin So that is slim and long type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.569-578
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• 2013

In a super-tall building construction, thick and large-sized embed plates are usually used to connect mega structural steel members to RC core wall or columns by welding a gusset plate on the face of the embed plate with T-shape. A large amount of heat input accumulated by weld passes causes the plates to expand or deform. In addition, the temperature of concrete around the plates also could be increased. Consequently, cracks and spalls occur on the concrete surface. In this study, the effect of weld heat on embed plates and 80MPa high strength concrete is investigated by considering weld position (2G and 3G position), edge distance, concrete curing time, etc. Measured temperature of the embed plates was compared with the transient thermal analysis results. Finally, push-out tests were performed to verify and compare the shear studs capacity of the embed plate with design requirement. Test result shows that the shear capacity of the plate is reduced by 14%-19% due to the weld heat effect and increased as the concrete curing time is longer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.324-335
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• 1979

During the period of 4 years from August 1975 to August 1979 one hundred and forty seven cases of lung cancer were seen at Paik Foundation Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Among these 147 cases, 104 patients had primary carcinoma of the lung and the remainder was metastatic carcinoma to the lung. Among these 104 primary carcinoma patients, 73 cases were proven histologically as primary carcinoma of the lung. There were three cases of alveolar cell carcinoma [Table 1 ]. This clinical observation is based on those 73 cases including three case reports of the alveolar cell carcinoma. 1. Peak incidence was observed in the 5th decade of life. Male to female ratio was 2 to 1 [Fig. 1]. 2. Pathological classifications were as follows: epidermoid carcinoma, 24 cases [32.9%]; undifferentiated carcinoma, 20 cases [27.4%]; adenocarcinoma, 15 cases [20.5%]; bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [5.5%] and positive cytology, 10 cases [13.7%] [Fig. 2]. 3. Evidence of inoperability was observed in 55 patients [75% of the 73 cases] [Table 3]. 4. Among those 73 cases, operability was evaluated in 18 patients or 25%. One patient refused operation and 17 patients [23.6%] were explored. In 11 [15%] out of 17 patients, thoracotomies were performed. Six cases were pneumonectomies and 5 cases were lobectomies or bilobectomies [Fig. 3]. 5. First case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 46 year-old housewife complaining of cough and hemoptysis for one year. The plain chest X-ray and bronchogram showed characteristic pictures as Figures 4 and 5. A pneumonectomy was carried out. Histologically, a beautiful alveolar carcinoma consisted of the characteristic tall columnar epithelial cells, which were lining the alveolar spaces as seen in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 20. 6. In the second case of 41 year old male, predominant clinical feature was single, well defined mass in the right lower lobe [Fig. 10 and 11] on chest X-ray. Bilobectomized specimen showed fragile, soft and hard tissue containing mucoid secretions and focal yellowish necrosis with pigmentation on cut surface [Fig. 12]. Slides showed tumor cells lined up along the alveolar septa with papillary projections [Fig. 13 and 14]. 7. Third case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 50-year-old housewife with hemoptysis. An outstanding clinical picture was a round to lobulated mass in the right upper lobe [Fig. 16]. She is living now, 2 years and 1 month post-operatively, but has arrived at terminal stage with military nodular disseminations to the contralateral lung [Fig. 19].

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 1988

The responses of GA$_3$ treatment on the culm length, internode elongation, number of internodes elongated and on the panicle length of 115 Japonica rice cultivars were studied. One spray with 50 ppm GA$_3$ was made at about 30 days before heading. Generally short culm cultivars showed better elongation responses than taller ones and a few taller cultivars showed reduced culm length. The internode length of 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th were increased, but, 2nd, 3rd and 4th internodes were reduced. Especially the reduction of 3rd internode elongation and the increase of 5th internode length was prominent. Most of the tested cultivars showed no changes in the number of internodes elongated, but, in some cultivars it was increased and in a few ones it was reduced. The effect on the panicle length was variable depending cultivars. No significant correlation was found between the culm length elongation and the elongation of panicle length, implying that the response of GA$_3$ on the culm and on the panicle is independent of each other. According the response of culm length elongation tested cultivars were grouped into 6 ; Significantly reducing, slightly reducing, less sensitive, slightly elongating, largely elongating and extremely elongating.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Aromatic rice has become popular owing to its aroma. Growing demand for aromatic rice has spurred interest in the development of domestic cultivars that offer similar combinations of grain attributes such as texture, cooking characteristics, aroma, and taste. In this study, the most important agronomic attributes and aroma of 26 cultivars from Afghanistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan, and controls from Japan, Thailand, and India were characterized. Also $F_2$ populations derived from the cross between(Jasmine 85 aromatic$\times$Nipponbare non-aromatic) and(Jasmine 85$\times$Basmati 370 aromatic) were obtained. Tasting individual grains, cooking test, 1.7% KOH sensory test, and molecular marker analysis have been applied to distinguish between aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Diversity for some traits of agronomic importance, such as plant height was detected among countries, e.g. Afghan cultivars classified as tall, and Iranian and Uzbek intermediate and short, respectively. Differentiations of panicle, grain, leaf, basal internode, and culm dimension among rice cultivars, indicating the source of rice diversity in Central Asia. According to the results, 6 of 10, 2 of 7, and 0 of 6 of Afghan, Iranian, and Uzbek rice cultivars were scored as aromatic, respectively. Therefore, Afghan cultivars are a good source of aromatic rice germplasm for Central Asia. The expression between aromatic and non-aromatic, and aromatic and aromatic combinations has been evaluated. The observed segregation ratio of these crosses in the $F_2$ populations was tested by $x^2$ analysis against the expected ratio for a single gene. A segregation ratio of 3:1 between non-aromatic and aromatic combination has been detected, while segregation has not been detected between the aromatic and aromatic combinations. Also, parallel results were obtained from the tested aromatic rice cultivars. Thus, our results suggest that a single recessive gene controls aroma in all aromatic rice cultivars.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of middle-school students about height and their behaviors related to height gain. Methods : One thousand four hundred twenty two middle-school students were included. We requested that the students complete a battery of questionnaires asking about problems associated with height. Results : There was a clear difference between real height and desired height. Most students (83.7%) had height dissatisfaction. Most students (91.1%) were concerned about their height. Few students made efforts to improve their height, even though most students had height dissatisfaction and were concerned about their height. Herbal medicine had a tendency to become popularized in treatments for height. Students generally did not judge their friends by height, but there was a small tendency to ignore shorter friends and to feel a sense of inferiority around taller friends. Most students had a greater desire to have a beautiful face than a good body, especially to be tall. Most students thought that there would be some handicaps in life if they had a short stature. Conclusion : The attitudes and concerns about height in adolescence should be understood, and recognized as one aspect of treatment for problems associated with height.