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Molecular cloning and expression pattern of Metallothionein Gene from the left-handed shell, Physa acuta (왼돌아물달팽이 (Physa acuta) 의 Metallothionein 유전자 클로닝 및 발현양상)

  • Jo, Yong-Hun;Baek, Moon-Ki;Kang, Se-Won;Lee, Jae-Bong;Byun, In-Seon;Choi, Sang-Haeng;Chae, Sung-Hwa;Kang, Jung-Ha;Han, Yeon-Soo;Park, Hong-Seog;Lee, Yong-Seok
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2009
  • Metallothioneins (MTs) play a key role in metallic homeostasis and detoxification in most living organisms. In an attempt to study the biological functions and significance of MT in a snail, we cloned and partially characterized the MT gene from the left-handed snail, Physa acutawhich has been regarded as a potential biomonitering species for fresh water. The complete cDNA sequence of PaMT cDNA was identified from the expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing project of Physa acuta. The coding region of 180 bp gives 60 amino acid residues including the initiation methionine and termination codon. Clustering and phylogenic analysis of PaMT with other MT amino acid sequences show that it has some identities to Helix pomatia (60%), Arianta arbustorum (58%), Perna viridis (49%), Mytilus edulis (49%), Bathymodiolus azoricus (49%), Bathymodiolus azoricus (48%) and Bathymodiolus sp. FD-2002 (48%). Time dependent induction for PaMT from P. acuta exposed with cadmium (50 ppb) indicated that PaMT was induced at 4-8 hr after exposure. It remains to further develop PaMTas a potential biomarker for water contamination in fresh water.

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Identification, sequence characterization and expression analysis of the arginine kinase gene in response to laminarin challenge from the Oriental land snail, Nesiohelix samarangae (동양달팽이(Nesiohelix samarangae)의 arginine kinase 유전자 분석 및 발현 패턴에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Ji Eun;Lee, Yong Seok
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 2013
  • Arginine kinase (ArK) is known to play an important role in most invertebrates the level of ATP by phosphorylation of phosphagens in cell and immuninty in living organisms. ArK has been identified in many kinds of organisms ranging from invertebrate to vertebrate. However, no ArK gene has been cloned and investigated from N. samarangae. This leads us to identify ArK cDNA (NsArK) from the expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing of N. samarangae. Sequence analysis indicated that the coding region of 1,065 bp contains 355 amino acid residues. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that NsArK had very high similarities with mollusca and arthropoda. In an attempt to investigate a potential role of NsArK in the digestive gland of N. samarangae, expression patterns were analyzed. RT-PCR analsysis shows that NsArK mRNA is induced in the rane of 1.2 fold at 6 hr by laminarin when compared with the control. The immunnologial and physiological role of NsArK remains to be further investigated in N. samarangae.

Quality Classification and Its Application Based on Certification Standards of Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.) Seed (켄터키 블루그래스(Poa pratensis L.) 종자의 보증 기준에 따른 품질 분류와 적용)

  • Kim, Shin-Jae;Joo, Young-Kyoo;Lee, Jae-Pil;Kim, Doo-Hwan
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.253-264
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of seed certification is to preserve the genetic purity and identity of seed varieties. This study is to provide information concerning seed certification procedures and certification standards of Kentucky bluegrass especially used in golf courses. We analyzed data from the seed certification standards of three states (Washington, Idaho and Oregon) in U.S.A. The certification processes both field inspection and laboratory requirement satisfying the minimum seed quality standards. The seed harvesting field must be propagated with the specified class of seeds and requires an adequate isolated distance from other crops. Moreover, the field should be clean and free from the objectionable weeds. The seed analysis tests include a germination rate, a percentage of pure seed, contents of other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter. The certification standards of the certified seed and the sod quality seed showed general similarity in all three states. The certification standards of the sod quality seed should have less than 0.02% of maximum weed seed. The certified seed should have less than 0.3% of maximum weed seeds. Those certification standards of seed quality should guaranty the quality of turfgrass establishment of golf course.

Simulation-Based Analysis of C System in C3 System of Systems Via Machine-Learning Based Abstraction of C2 System (머신러닝 기반의 C2 시스템 추상화를 통한 C3 복합체계에서의 시뮬레이션 기반 통신 시스템 분석)

  • Kang, Bong Gu;Seo, Kyung Min;Kim, Byeong Soo;Kim, Tag Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.61-73
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    • 2018
  • In the defense modeling and simulation, for the detailed analysis of the communication system, many studies have carried out the analysis under the C3 SoS(system of systems) which consists of C2(command and control) and C(communication). However, it requires time and space constraints of the C2 system. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a communication analysis method in the standalone system environment which is combined with the C system after abstracting the C2 system. In the abstraction process, we hypothesize the traffic model and mobility model for C system analysis and learn the parameters in the model based on machine learning. Through the proposed method, it is possible to construct traffic and mobility model with different output according to the battlefield. This case study shows how the process can be applied to the C3 SoS and the enhanced accuracy than the existing method. We expect that it is possible to carry out the efficient communication analysis against many experimental scenarios with various communication parameters.

Genetic Variation of Pinus densiflora Populations in South Korea Based on ESTP Markers (ESTP 표지를 이용한 국내 소나무 집단의 유전변이)

  • Ahn, Ji Young;Hong, Kyung Nak;Lee, Jei Wan;Hong, Yong Pyo;Kang, Hoduck
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.279-289
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    • 2015
  • Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of thirteen Pinus densiflora populations in South Korea were estimated using nine ESTP (Expressed Sequence Tag Polymorphism) markers. The numbers of allele and the effective allele were 2.2 and 1.8, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 98.8%. The observed and the expected heterozygosity were 0.391 and 0.402, respectively, and the eleven populations except for Ahngang and Gangneung population were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state. The level of genetic differentiation (Wright’s FST = 0.057) was higher than those of isozyme or nSSR markers. We could not find out any relationship between the genetic distance and geographic distribution among populations from cluster analysis. Also, the genetic differentiation between populations was not correlated with the geographic distance (r = 0.017 and P = 0.344 from Mantel test). From the result of FST-outlier analysis to identify a locus under selection, six loci were detected at confidence interval of 99% by the frequentist’s method. However, only three loci (sams2+AluⅠ, sams2+RsaⅠ, PtNCS_p14A9+HaeⅢ) were presumed as outliers by Bayesian method. The sams2+AluⅠ and sams2+RsaⅠlocus were originated from the sams2 gene and seemed to be the loci under balancing selection.

An Experimental Study on the Reduction Effects of Shading Devices on Sky Radiant Cooling in Winter (차양장치의 겨울철 천공복사 냉각 저감 효과에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Jin-Hee;Kim, Young-Tag;Lee, Soo-Yeol;Choi, Won-Ki
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2021
  • External shading devices are well known solar control devices that can help reduce the cooling load of commercial buildings. For this study, experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of shading devices in reducing both the cooling and heating loads. The influence of sky radiant cooling during winter was verified for the external shading device, internal roller blind, and window. Results can be summarized as follows. The temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the window with the external shading device was 11.8℃ compared to 14.6℃ for one without the external shading device. This 2.8℃ difference was due to heat exchange by sky radiation when the surface temperature of the shading device was lower than the ambient outdoor air temperature. The roller blind resulted in a lower temperature of 0.8℃ compared to the average temperature of the window's air cavity. This was due to heat exchange by sky radiation of the roller blind surfaces. Without shading devices, the outside surface temperature of the window is about 3℃ higher. The study also found that when external shading devices were installed on both the southwest and southeast sides, the outside surface temperature of the windows were lower on the southwest side than the southeast side.

Some characters of bacterial cellulases in goats' rumen elucidated by metagenomic DNA analysis and the role of fibronectin 3 module for endoglucanase function

  • Nguyen, Khanh Hoang Viet;Dao, Trong Khoa;Nguyen, Hong Duong;Nguyen, Khanh Hai;Nguyen, Thi Quy;Nguyen, Thuy Tien;Nguyen, Thi Mai Phuong;Truong, Nam Hai;Do, Thi Huyen
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.867-879
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Fibronectin 3 (FN3) and immunoglobulin like modules (Ig) are usually collocated beside modular cellulase catalytic domains. However, very few researches have investigated the role of these modules. In a previous study, we have sequenced and analyzed bacterial metagenomic DNA in Vietnamese goats' rumen and found that cellulase-producing bacteria and cellulase families were dominant. In this study, the properties of modular cellulases and the role of a FN3 in unique endoglucanase belonging to glycosyl hydorlase (GH) family 5 were determined. Methods: Based on Pfam analysis, the cellulases sequences containing FN3, Ig modules were extracted from 297 complete open reading frames (ORFs). The alkaline, thermostability, tertiary structure of deduced enzymes were predicted by AcalPred, TBI software, Phyre2 and Swiss models. Then, whole and truncated forms of a selected gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by His-tag affinity column for assessment of FN3 ability to enhance enzyme activity, solubility and conformation. Results: From 297 complete ORFs coding for cellulases, 148 sequences containing FN3, Ig were identified. Mostly FN3 appeared in 90.9% beta-glucosidases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 3 (GH3) and situated downstream of catalytic domains. The Ig was found upstream of 100% endoglucanase GH9. Rarely FN3 was seen to be situated downstream of X domain and upstream of catalytic domain endoglucanase GH5. Whole enzyme (called XFN3GH5 based on modular structure) and truncate forms FN3, XFN3, FN3GH5, GH5 were cloned in pET22b (+) and pET22SUMO to be expressed in single and fusion forms with a small ubiquitin-related modifier partner (S). The FN3, SFN3 increased GH5 solubility in FN3GH5, SFN3GH5. The SFN3 partly served for GH5 conformation in SFN3GH5, increased modules interaction and enzyme-soluble substrate affinity to enhance SXFN3GH5, SFN3GH5 activities in mixtures. Both SFN3 and SXFN3 did not anchor enzyme on filter paper but exfoliate and separate cellulose chains on filter paper for enzyme hydrolysis. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the presence of FN3 module in certain cellulases was confirmed and it assisted for enzyme conformation and activity in both soluble and insoluble substrate.

Improvement of conception rate on Hanwoo; The key hormones and novel estrus detector

  • Joo, Young Ho;Jeong, Seung Min;Paradhipta, Dimas Hand Vidya;Lee, Hyuk Jun;Lee, Seong Shin;Choi, Jeong Seok;Noh, Hyeon Tak;Chang, Hong Hee;Kim, Eun Joong;Kim, Sam Churl
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.63 no.6
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    • pp.1265-1274
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    • 2021
  • Two field experiments were conducted to improve the conception rate of Hanwoo cow. The first experiment aimed to investigate the physiological condition of Hanwoo cows on estrus, including metabolic profiles and body condition score (BCS). The second experiment investigated the effect of a novel estrus detector on the artificial insemination (AI) conception rate for Hanwoo cows. For the first experiment, 80 Hanwoo cows (2.5 ± 0.10 of parity), approximately one month before estrus, were housed in 16 pens and offered the experimental diets twice daily with free water access. The BCS were recorded, and blood was collected from the jugular veins just before AI. The collected blood was used to measure physiological conditions, such as metabolite and hormone levels. For the second experiment, each cow was equipped with a neck-mounted estrus detector collar, which had a sensor connected through the internet. Approximately one month before estrus, three hundred sixty Hanwoo cows (2.4 ± 0.21 of parity) were assigned into groups with or without W-Tag collar treatments. The animals were managed the same as in the first experiment. The pregnancy rate reached 55% in the first experiment. The concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher (p < 0.012; 1.56 vs. 1.08 ng/mL) in cows that were not pregnant (NPG) than in cows that were pregnant (PG) after AI. The BCS and other concentrations of metabolites and hormones in the blood were not different in both NPG and PG cows. The ranges of estrogen, LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone for PG cows were 11.9 to 39.0 pg/mL, < 0.25 to 1.98 ng/mL, and < 0.50 to 0.82 ng/mL, respectively. In the second experiment, cows with the estrus detector had lower days open (p < 0.001; 78.1 vs. 84.8 d), insemination frequency (p < 0.001; 1.26 vs. 2.52), and return of estrus (p < 0.001; 70.9 vs. 79.1 d) than those in cows without the estrus detector. In conclusion, the present study indicated that lower LH concentration just before AI potentially increased the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cows. Furthermore, the application of estrus detectors to Hanwoo cows could improve the conception success rate for AI.

The Effect of Nonverbal Communication in University Teaching: Moderating Role of Academic Self-Efficacy (대학 강의에서 비언어적 행위의 효과: 학업적 자기효능감의 조절효과)

  • Lee, Kyung-Tag
    • Journal of vocational education research
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.69-87
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    • 2011
  • Until now, most of the attention related information and knowledge transmission is on the verbal message provided by educators. But recently, many researchers are emphasizing importance of nonverbal communication behavior in the evaluation of communicator include educators. When nonverbal messages reinforce verbal messages, meaning is conveyed quickly and easily and with increased comprehension. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of professor nonverbal communication on students' academic achievement. In this study, nonverbal communication was divided into the three dimensions of kinesis, proxemics, paralanguage, and physical appearance. It was studied to examine the direct or indirect effects of nonverbal communication on attitude toward the professor and academic achievement. Additionally, it examined the moderating effect of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between attitude toward the professor and academic achievement. The data were collected from 214 college students using an online survey. The results showed that the kinesis, proxemics, and physical appearance, except paralanguage, have significantly positive influence on attitude toward the professor. And the moderating effect of academic self-efficacy has also been founded.

Pathogenesis of Human Norovirus Genogroup II Genotype 4 in Post-Weaning Gnotobiotic Pigs

  • Park, Byung-Joo;Jung, Soon-Tag;Choi, ChangSun;Myoung, Jinjong;Ahn, Hee-Seop;Han, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Yong-Hyun;Go, Hyeon-Jeong;Lee, Joong-Bok;Park, Seung-Yong;Song, Chang-Seon;Lee, Sang-Won;Choi, In-Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.28 no.12
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    • pp.2133-2140
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    • 2018
  • Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood owing to the difficulty of establishing viral infection in animal models. Here, post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs were infected with human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) to investigate the pathogenesis and replication of the virus. Three groups of four pigs were infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, or $1{\times}10^7$ genomic equivalent (GE) copies of HuNoV GII.4. Four pigs were used as negative controls. Blood and rectal swab samples were collected after viral infection, and gross legions were examined after necropsy. Diarrhea was induced in 25% and 75% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^6$ and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viral shedding was detected in 50%, 75%, and 50% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viremia was detected in 25% of pigs infected with either $1{\times}10^6$ or $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies. When gross lesions of gastroenteritis were investigated, the ileum walls of the infected pigs were thinner than those of the controls. Villi atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration were identified in the ileum of each infected pig. Viral capsid was identified in the jejunum, ileum, colon, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node. Virus replication was newly verified in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by detection of negative-sense viral RNA. In conclusion, HuNoV GII.4 could induce acute gastroenteritis and replicate in the extra-intestinal lymphoid tissues in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs. Therefore, such pigs would be a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and replication of HuNoV.