• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

본 논문은 일상적으로 많이 복용되는 알약의 오남용을 막기 위해 알약 대한 정보를 내용기반 인식을 통해 검색하고자 하는데, 이때 알약의 색 특징 정보와 모양 특징 정보를 이용하여 내용기반 검색을 하는 CBIRS/TB를 제안한다. 기존 FE-CBIRS에서는 색상과 모양에 대한 정보를 추출하여 영상을 구분하는 특징정보로 적용하는 문제점이 있다. 즉 검색시 적용하는 물체의 색상 특징 정보는 색상, 채도, 명도의 각각에 대한 평균, 표준편차, 왜도를 사용하며 부분영역을 특징정보로 적용하는 경우 대표색상만을 적용하는 문제점이 있다. 또한 모양특징정보의 경우 추출된 부분영역들에 대한 불변모멘트가 주로 사용한다. 이로 인한 처리시간의 문제, 정확성의 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 이를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 추출된 영상의 색상 특징정보들을 클래스별로 구분하여 인덱싱하여 검색속도와 정확도를 향상시켰다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2005

Effect of solvents on physical characteristics and release characteristics of monolithic acetaminophen (APAP) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix granules and tablets were examined. Various types and amounts of solvents were employed for granulation and coating. APAP and other excipients were mixed and were then wet-granulated in a high-speed mixer. The dried granules were then directly compressed and film-coated with low viscosity grade HPMC. As the amount of water increased, the size of granules also increased, showing more spherical and regular shape. However, manufacturing problems such as capping and lamination in tableting occurred when water was used alone as a granulating solvent. The physical properties of HPMC matrix granules were not affected by the batch size. The initial release rate as well as the amount of APAP dissolved had a tendency to decrease as the water level increased. Addition of nonaqueous solvent like ethanol to water resulted in good physical properties of granules. When compared to water/ethanol as a coating solvent, the release rate of film-coated HPMC matrix tablets was more sensitive to the conditions of coating and drying in methylene chloride/ethanol. Most of all, monolithic HPMC matrix tablet when granulated in ethanol/water showed dual release with about $50\%$ drug release immediately within few minutes followed by extended release. It was evident that the type and amount of solvents (mainly water and ethanol) were very important for wet granulation and film-coating of monolithic HPMC matrix tablet, because the plastic deforming and fragmenting properties of material were changed by the different strengths of the different solvents.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

A simple HPLC method using UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of levodropropizine (LDP) In dog plasma. The sample was prepared for injection using a liquid-liquid extraction method with 1-phenypiperazine as the internal standard. The mobile phase was methanol - diethylamine solution (0.05 M) (20:80, v/v, pH adjusted to 3.0 with $H_3PO_4$) with a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of LDP in a biological matrix was determined to be 25.25 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear across the concentration range of 25.25 to 2020 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values (CV%) were within 7% and accuracy (R.E. %) was within 6% of the nominal values for medium (252.5 ng/mL) and high (2020 ng/mL) LDP concentrations. For the LDP concentration at the LOQ, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 20% and 10%, respectively. The average absolute recovery for LDP was 70.28%. This method was successfully used to analyze plasma samples in a steady-state bioavailability study of a newly developed sustained-release LDP tablets (SR) using immediate-release tablets (IR) as the reference. The relative bioavailability of the SR was determined to be $106.3\;{\pm}\;12.8%$ (n=6). The $C_{max}$ of the SR was significantly lower (p<0.05), and the $t_{max}$ was significantly longer than that of the IR (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA and two one-sided tests indicated that the SR exhibited acceptable sustained release properties and was bioequivalent to the IR.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.720-726
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• 2004

Two Spectrophotometric procedures are presented for the determination of two commonly used H2-receptor antagonists, nizatidine (I) and ranitidine hydrochloride (II). The methods are based mainly on charge transfer complexation reaction of these drugs with either ${\rho}-chloranilic$ acid (${\rho}-CA$) or 2, 3 dichloro-5, 6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ). The produced colored products are quantified spectrophotometrically at 515 and 467 nm in chloranilic acid and 000 methods, respectively. The molar ratios for the reaction products and the optimum assay conditions were studied. The methods determine the cited drugs in concentration ranges of 20-200 and $20-160\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ for nizatidine and ranges of 20-240 and $20-140\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ for ranitidine with chloranilic acid and DDQ methods, respectively. A more detailed investigation of the complexes formed was made with respect to their composition, association constant, molar absorptivity and free energy change. The proposed procedures were successfully utilized in the determination of the drugs in pharmaceutical preparations. The standard addition method was applied by adding nizatidine and ranitidine to the previously analyzed tablets or capsules. The recovery of each drug was calculated by comparing the concentration obtained from the spiked mixtures with those of the pure drug. The results of analysis of commercial tablets and the recovery study (standard addition method) of the cited drugs suggested that there is no interference from any excipients, which are present in tablets or capsules. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student's t-test and F-ratio at 95％ confidence level. There is no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2011

광한루 편액에 기록된 누정제영시는 작가의 경관관과 주변 경관에 대한 지각의 내용을 담고 있다. 본 연구는 편액시를 조선시대 문인들의 등루시, 1930년대의 백일장시/청탁시로 구분하여 시에 등장하는 경관구성요소들을 구성요소의 특성, 감각기관, 시간축 및 공간축 등 4가지 측면의 분석 틀을 기준으로 분석하였다. 경관요소를 분석하면 상징적 요소보다 물리적 요소의 빈도가 매우 높았으며, 물리적 요소 중에서는 자연적 요소의 출현빈도가 인공적 요소보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 개개의 시에 출현하는 경관요소는 조선시대 문인들의 등루시보다 백일장시/청탁시가 상대적으로 많았다. 시에 나타난 경관요소를 지각감각 측면에서 분석하면 시각적 요소가 거의 대부분을 차지하며, 청각, 후각적 요소도 일부 나타난다. 시간축으로 분석하면 계절적 측면에서는 가을의 표현이 많았으며, 시간대는 저녁과 밤 시간대 표현이 많았다. 공간축에서는 근경요소가 원경, 중경 요소보다 높았다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2021

본 연구는 콜린성 두드러기를 치료하기 위해 기존 제품으로는 정제를 사용하였다. 정제의 단점으로는 졸음유발 문제나 접근성 및 투여량 감소 문제가 있었으며 이를 해결하기 위해 세티리진 염산염을 함유한 Hydro-Gel을 제조하였다. 실험 방법은 점도, 겔화율, 팽윤도, 함량 평가, 투과성을 측정하였다. 연구에 따르면 세티리진 염산염을 함유한 하이드로 겔은 콜린성 두드러기가 유발되지 않아 발생 부위에 직접 적용할 수 있다. 또한 이 제제는 기존 정제의 부작용을 최소화하여 제품 생산이 가능하리라 생각한다. 이 제제에 스테로이드와 같은 다른 주요 성분을 첨가함으로써 구강으로 투여하는 방식보다 피부를 통해 투여할 수 있는 장점이 있어 활용도가 높을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 단독으로 사용해도 효과가 있다고 판단되어 의약품 제조 공정을 진행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2023

Background: Online teaching and learning extend the duration of using gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. A prolonged usage of these gadgets in a static position can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms while using gadgets during work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional survey with online-based questionnaires was collected from the University of Indonesia, consisting of lecturers, students, and managerial staff. The minimum number of respondents was 1,080 and was defined by stratified random sampling. Furthermore, the dependent variable was musculoskeletal symptoms, while the independent were age, gender, job position, duration, activity when using gadgets, and how to hold them. Result: Most of the respondents had mobile phones but only 16% had tablets. Furthermore, about 56.7% have used a mobile phone for more than 10 years, while about 89.7% have used a tablet for less than 10 years. A multivariate analysis found factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms while using a mobile phone, such as age, gender, web browsing activity, work, or college activities. These activities include doing assignments and holding the phone with two hands with two thumbs actively operating. The factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms when using tablets were gender, academic position, social media activity, and placing the tablet on a table with two actively working index fingers. Conclusion: Therefore, from the results of this study it is necessary to have WFH and e-learning policies to reduce MSD symptoms and enhance productivity at work.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2024

In this study, in order to develop an foaming tablet product using yuzu powder, yuzu powder was manufactured using different drying methods such as freeze-drying, 60℃ drying, and 40℃ drying, and then quality characteristics and functionality were analyzed. The naringin content per g of yuzu powder was 8.9 mg for freeze-drying and 8.8 mg for 60℃ drying, and the hesperidin content per g of yuzu powder was highest at 53.6 mg for freeze-drying and 46.2 mg for 60℃ drying. followed by 40℃drying (41.7 mg). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 60℃ dried powder was found to be twice as high as that of freeze dried powder. Accordingly, in order to develop an inner beauty product, foaming tablets were manufactured using hot air dried powder, and the quality characteristics and functional ingredients of the final foaming tablets were investigated. The foaming tablet prepared with yuzu powder content of 10 and 15% showed an inhibitory activity of tyrosinase of 73.7 %, which was 1.6 times higher than that of ascorbic acid (1 mM), which was a positive control, confirming its melanin production inhibition effect.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2001

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is a naturally existing molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioefuivalence of two ALC tablets, $Nicetile^{TM} (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.) and $L-Cartin^{TM}$ (Kuhn Il Pharmaceutical Co.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The ALC release from the two ALC tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method in various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 6.0 and 6.8). Twenty six normal male volunteers, $24.46\pm3.67$ years in age and $64.45\pm5.54$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 mg of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. The dissolution profiles of the two ALC tablets were similar in all the dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets were $0.35\%,\;0.93\%\;and\;2.34\%$ respectively, when calculated against the $Nicetile^{TM} tablet. The powers $(1-\beta)\;for\;AUC_t$ , and Cmax were $98.72\%\;and\;85.48\%$, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $(\Delta)\;at\;\alpha=0.05\;and\;1-\beta=0.8$ were less than $20\%,\;(e.g.,\;13.21\%\;and\;18.42\%\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ respectively). The $90\%$ confidence intervals were within $\pm20\%\;(e.g.,\;-7.38\sim8.09\;and\;-9.86\sim11.72\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). These two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that $L-Cartin^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Nicetile^{TM} tablet.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

Dissolution test has been performed to control drug quality and to predict in vivo drug release profile of solid dosage forms, so there's a drift towards setting dissolution test instead of disintegration test. However, some solid dosage forms in Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC) are not established the dissolution test yet, so these monographs are necessary to set the specification of dissolution test. In this study, we developed the specification and test method of dissolution test for itopride hydrochloride tablets and tiropramide hydrochloride tablets which are not established the dissolution test yet. According to the "Manual for Guideline Application for Validation of Analytical Procedures" and "Guidelines on Specification of Dissolution test for Oral dosage form" of Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP), we validated and established each development method. Based on the preliminary dissolution profile, we set the dissolution condition(paddle apparatus, pH 1.2 media, 50 rpm). For this condition, we performed the main dissolution test to determine the specification (45 min, 85%). Finally, we validated each analytical method by specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision. These developed methods will be included the next supplement of KPC and also contributed to the quality control of medicines.