• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.833-842
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• 2016

The governments in many country recently focus their efforts on developing the industry of Internet of Thing (IoT). At the same time, each industrial field considers to apply the IoT concept and develops their own IoT system for upgrading the existing services or launching new services. In the railway field, many organizations such as Korea Rail Network Authority (KR) expect that the IoT concept can bring many good effects and try to adopt IoT to their existing railway services. In this paper, we survey the current technology level of IoT platform, which is a core technology to realize IoT, and figure out the technical requirements and challenges to apply IoT platform to railway environments.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.497-509
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• 2002

Background : The mechanisms through which cellular activation results in intracellular mycobacterial killing is only partially understood. However, in vitro studies of human immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been largely modeled on the work reported by Crowle, which is complicated by several factors. The whole blood culture is simple and allows the simultaneous analysis of the relationship between bacterial killing and the effect of effector cells and humoral factors. In this study, we attempted to determine the extent to which M. tuberculosis is killed in a human whole blood culture and to explore the role of the host and microbial factor in this process. Methods : The PPD positive subject were compared to the umbilical cord blood and patients with tuberculosis, diabetes and lung cancer. The culture is performed using heparinized whole blood diluted with a culture medium and infected with a low number of M. avium or M. tuberculosis $H_{37}Ra$ for 4 days by rotating the culture in a $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator. In some experiments, methlprednisolone- or pentoxifyline were used to inhibit the immune response. To assess the role of the T-cell subsets, CD4+, CD8+ T-cells or both were removed from the blood using magnetic beads. The ${\Delta}$ log killing ratio was defined using a CFU assay as the difference in the log number of viable organisms in the completed culture compared to the inoculum. Results : 1. A trend was noted toward the improved killing of mycobacteria in PPD+ subjects comparing to the umbilical cord blood but there was no specific difference in the patients with tuberculosis, diabetes and lung cancer. 2. Methylprednisolone and pentoxifyline adversely affected the killing in the PPD+ subjects umbilical cord blood and patients with tuberculosis. 3. The deletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T-lymphocytes adversely affected the killing of M. avium and M. tuberculosis $H_{37}Ra$ by PPD+ subjects. Deletion of both cell types had an additive effect, particularly in M. tuberculosis $H_{37}Ra$. 4. A significantly improved mycobacterial killing was noted after chemotherapy in patients with tuberculosis and the ${\Delta}$ logKR continuously decreased in a 3 and 4 days of whole blood culture. Conclusion : The in vitro bactericidal assay by human whole blood culture model was settled using a CFU assay. However, the host immunity to M. tuberculosis was not apparent in the human whole blood culture bactericidal assay, and patients with tuberculosis showed markedly improved bacterial killing after anti-tuberculous chemotherapy compared to before. The simplicity of a whole blood culture facilitates its inclusion in a clinical trial and it may have a potential role as a surrogate marker in a TB vaccine trial.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

The morphology of the high burnup $UO_2$ spent fuel, which was oxidized and annealed in a PIA (Post Irradiation Annealing) apparatus, has been observed. The high burnup fuel irradiated in Ulchin Unit 2, average rod burnup 57,000 MWd/tU, was transported to the KAERI's PIEF. The test specimen was used with about 200 mg of the spent $UO_2$ fuel fragment of the local burnup 65,000 MWd/tU. This specimen was annealed at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs after the oxidation for 3hrs to grain boundary using the PIA apparatus in a hot-cell. In order to oxidize the grain boundary, the oxidation temperature increased up to $500^{\circ}C$ and held for 3hrs in the mixed gas (60 ml He and 100 ml STD-air) atmosphere. The amount of 85Kr during the whole test process was measured to know the fission gas release behavior using the online system of a beta counter and a gamma counter. The detailed micro-structure was observed by a SEM to confirm the change of the fuel morphology after this test. As the annealing temperature increased, the fission products were observed to move to the grain surface and grain boundary of the $UO_2$ matrix. This specimen was re-structured through the reduction process, and the grain sizes were distributed from 5 to $10\;{\mu}m$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.681-685
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• 2008

Chiral separation of racemic mandelic acid was achieved on a Kromasil KR100-5CHI-TBB column. Some chromatographic parameters (resolution, number of theoretical plates, capacity factor) are calculated under different separation conditions such as changes of mobile phase compositions (hexane/t-BME = 85/15 - 10/90) as well as formic acid concentrations for adjusting pH (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 v/v%). Flow rate versus number of theoretical plates was compared to evaluate column efficiency. To determine the adsorption isotherms, PIM (Pulse Input Method) was carried out. At the concentrations of racemic mandelic acid between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml, L- and D-mandelic acids have the same retention times of 8.8 and 9.4 min respectively. Mandelic acid isotherms show a linear form under the concentrations of 0.3 mg/ml with eluent (hexane/t-BME = 75/25). As the concentrations of mandelic acids increase, nonlinear Langmuir isotherms were observed as $C_{S,L}=3.358C_{M,L}/(1+0.0897C_{M,L})$ for L-mandelic acid and, $C_{S,D}=3.692C_{M,D}/(1+0.1457C_{M,D})$ for D-mandelic acid.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

The study aims to identify convergence and trends in technology-based patent data for the biohealth sector in IP5 countries (KR, EP, JP, US, CN) and present the direction of development in that industry. We used patent co-classification analysis-based network analysis and TF-IDF-based text mining as the principal methodology to understand the current state of technology convergence. As a result, the technology convergence cluster in the biohealth industry was derived in three forms: (A) Medical device for treatment, (B) Medical data processing, and (C) Medical device for biometrics. Besides, as a result of trend analysis based on technology convergence results, it is analyzed that Korea is likely to dominate the market with patents with high commercial value in the future as it is derived as a market leader in (B) medical data processing. In particular, the field is expected to require technology convergence activation policies and R&D support strategies for the technology as the possibility of medical data utilization by domestic bio-health companies expands, along with the policy conversion of the "Data 3 Act" passed by the National Assembly in January 2019.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2015

Breakwaters are the coastal structures constructed either perpendicular (shore connected) or parallel (detached) to the coast. The main function of breakwater is to create a tranquil medium on its leeside by reflecting the waves and also dissipating the wave energy arriving from seaside, resulting in ease of manoeuvrability to boats or ships to their berthing places. Different types of breakwaters are being used at present, such as rubble mound breakwater, vertical wall type breakwater and composite breakwater. The objective of this paper is to investigate reflection coefficients (Kr) and dissipation (loss) coefficients (Kl) for physical models of Quarter circle caisson breakwater of three different radii of 0.550 m, 0.575 m and 0.600 m with S/D ratio of 2.5 (S=spacing between perforations, D=diameter of perforations). The models were tested in the monochromatic wave flume of the department, for different incident wave heights (Hi), Wave periods (T) and water depths (d). It was observed that reflection coefficient increased with increase in the wave steepness (Hi/gT2) and decreased with increase in depth parameter (d/gT2) and hs/d (Height of structure including rubble base/depth of water). The loss coefficient decreased with increase in the wave steepness and increased with increase in depth parameter and hs/d.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.475-479
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• 2007

Pulsed laser deposition was utilized to grow MnS thin films on c-sapphire substrate using a KrF excimer laser at growth temperatures that ranged from room temperature to $700^{\circ}C$. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural and optical properties of the MnS films. While the growth rate decreased as $T_s$ increased, the overall quality of the film improved. The highest quality MnS film was obtained at $700^{\circ}C$. Variations in the $T_s$ resulted in the MnS films exhibiting different growth mechanisms. The oriented (200) rocksalt MnS film was grown at room temperature. In the case of higher $T_s,\;200{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, the films consisted of mixed phases of rocksalt and wurtzite. The main structure of the films was altered to (111) rocksalt when the temperature was increased to in excess of $600^{\circ}C$. This behavior may very well be the result of elements such as surface energy and atomic arrangement during the growth process. The optical band gap of the obtained ${\alpha}-MnS$ film was estimated to be 3.32 eV.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 1988

The information policy in Japan have bccir growing rapldlr 111 recent vttars. \'arioi~s level of govc~riimerital organrzatlons, ir~bt~tution arid agrircics have undt~rtak~~rr iriforrnatiori polrcy 111 order to i r l - crease information flow toward tlie society in Japan. At tlie same trme, computerized library systems also h a w uridergoirc rapid expansion. NACSIS(National Ceriter for- Science Informat~on System) wl~icl~ was cstablisl~ed bv Mirristr> of Etlr~c~arion, Sc~ence arid Culture haw witnessed dramatic adv;rnces i r i promoting for corrstructiori of database so as to provide their 11rf'3r.mat1orr nu nationwide scale. T l r i h articlr inrroduccs tlie actr\rtle> and ~mplcmeritat~o~~ of it format in^^ pol~cy wl~i(~li taktas a place hy goverrirnrlit of Japar~ aid arraly~c,.; thi~ ~ I . O I . P S I of deciiioii maltiiig iri polit~cal procedures. So far as b:ast-A\~ari riatioris art, ~ . n r i v t ~ r ~ ~ , e.;pc,ciall\. Kr,rc.an a~rd Japair !rave ,imilar cultural and liistorical backjir. ourii1, ard could t)t. tliif most a p p r o p r i a t ~ ~ caac stlldh for political ~nq~lerncritat~orr. Thus the topic of this artrclc will be useful to r t ~ a l l ~ t . Ore, trail ur~d c r r o r prorex, iri iiiior.matior~ pnlic\ulcorner.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of knowledge scale for patients with breast cancer (KS-Br) in Korea. Methods: The process included the construction of a conceptual framework, generation of preliminary items, and the test of validity and reliability of the scale. Thirty-seven items were developed through an evaluation process by 10 experts and 24 items were finally confirmed through item analysis. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenient sample of 303 women with breast cancer. The data was analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and calculation of KR-20. Results: Participants averaged 70.8% correct on the test. The KS-Br has 24 items consisting of 5 categories: incidence of breast cancer, diagnosis and treatment, symptom management, sexuality, and maintenance of daily life. Validity was supported by the use of content validity, known-group technique, and criterion-related validity. Women who had undergone education intervention scored significantly higher than women who had not (p<.001). KS-Br scores were significantly correlated with those of Mishel's Illness Uncertainty Scale (r=-.214, p<.001). Internal consistency of the KS-Br was appropriate (KR20=.805). Conclusion: This study reveals that the KS-Br is reliable and valid scale to measure the knowledge of breast cancer. Therefore, this scale can be effectively utilized to assess the knowledge of patients with breast cancer regarding their disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.818-825
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• 2012

Keratinases are exciting keratin-degrading enzymes; however, there have been relatively few studies on their immobilization. A keratinolytic protease from Chryseobacterium sp. kr6 was purified and its partial sequence determined using mass spectrometry. No significant homology to other microbial peptides in the NCBI database was observed. Certain parameters for immobilization of the purified keratinase on chitosan beads were investigated. The production of the chitosan beads was optimized using factorial design and surface response techniques. The optimum chitosan bead production for protease immobilization was a 20 g/l chitosan solution in acetic acid [1.5% (v/v)], glutaraldehyde ranging from 34 g to 56 g/l, and an activation time between 6 and 10 h. Under these conditions, above 80% of the enzyme was immobilized on the support. The behavior of the keratinase loading on the chitosan beads surface was well described using the Langmuir model. The maximum capacity of the support ($q_m$) and dissociation constant ($K_d$) were estimated as 58.8 U/g and 0.245 U/ml, respectively. The thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was also improved around 2-fold, when compared with that of the free enzyme, after 30 min at $65^{\circ}C$. In addition, the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained at 63.4% after it was reused five times. Thus, the immobilized enzyme exhibited an improved thermal stability and remained active after several uses.