• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.685-698
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to examine the recognition and understanding of the use, application of oral hygiene supplies among dental clinic patients in a bid to stress the necessity of education on the right awareness and use of oral hygiene supplies, to provide information on the development of educational programs and ultimately to help promote the oral health of people in general. Methods : The subjects in this study were 314 patients who visited dental clinics in North Jeolla Province in June 2009. Results : 1. Out of oral hygiene supplies, the largest number of the patients investigated(74.6%) were best cognizant of dental floss, and the greatest group(77.7%) had the right understanding of the use of toothpick. Currently, the oral hygiene supplies that were most widely in use were toothpicks(43.2%). 2. As to the relationship of awareness and understanding of the use, application of oral hygiene supplies to subjective oral health status, 50.0 percent of the patients who understood the use of toothpick found themselves to be in good health, and the gaps between them and the others were statistically significant. Among those who were aware of dental floss, the largest group(51.4%) considered themselves to be in good shape, and in the event of those who understood the use of dental floss, the greatest group(49.2%) deemed themselves to be in good health. Out of those who understood the use of mouse rinse, the largest group(53.7%) thought they were in good health(p<0.05). 3. Recognition of interdental brush, understanding of its use and whether to use it currently or not were identified as parents to use oral hygiene supplies recommended by dental clinics(p<0.05). 4. Recognition of interdental brush, understanding of its use and whether to use it currently or not were identified as patients to use oral hygiene supplies recommended by dental clinics(p<0.05). 5. The largest group of those who didn't put dental floss to use didn't use it for other reasons unspecified in the questionnaire, and the second greatest group of them didn't use it since it was so onerous to do that. There were statistically significant differences in the reason why they didn't use the oral hygiene supplies(p<0.05). 6. Awareness of dental floss and interdental brush, understanding of the use of the two and whether to use the two at present or not made statistically significant differences to whether they were likely to use the oral hygiene supplies in the future. And whether they were likely to use the oral hygiene supplies in the future was statistically significantly different according to awareness of mouse rinse and understanding of the use of it as well(p<0.05). Conclusions : Dental hygienists have to provide patients with various data of oral hygiene devices through oral health education and then only patients caring in dental clinics can choose the appropriate devices to claim for their own disease.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2019

Glycyrrhizae radix is one of the most frequently prescribed ingredients in Oriental medicine, and G. radix extract has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis by G. radix are poorly defined. In the present study, it was examined the biochemical mechanisms of apoptosis by water extract of G. radix (WEGR) in human bladder T24 cancer cells. It was found that WEGR could inhibit the cell growth of T24 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of annexin-V positive cells. The induction of apoptotic cell death by WEGR was connected with an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, and inhibition of apoptosis family proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2). In addition, apoptosis-inducing concentrations of WEGR induced the activation of caspase-9, an initiator caspase of the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway, and caspase-3, accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase. WEGR also induced apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway by caspase-8 activation, resulting in the down-regulation of total Bid and suggesting the existence of cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Taken together, the present results suggest that WEGR may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human bladder cancer cells.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.819-829
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting the effective demand of workers for dental treatment in a bid to provide some information on the improvement of oral health. Methods : The subjects in this study were 255 workers who were engaged in the pharmaceutical industry. A self-administered survey was conducted, and the collected data were analyzed by a spss(statistical package for the social science) win 12.0 program to find out their demographic characteristics, oral health awareness, oral health behavior and factors for the choice of a dental institution. Results : 1. Concerning the level of oral health awareness, 47.0 percent were at a low level(0 to three scores), and 35.2 percent were at an intermediate level(four to six scores). 2. As to oral health behavior involving a daily mean toothbrushing frequency, they brushed their teeth 2.65 times per day on the average. The most widely utilized oral hygiene supply was mouth rinse. Regarding oral health status, 53.7 percent weren't in good dental health, and just 23.0 percent got a dental checkup on a regular basis. 45.8 percent of those who didn't get a dental checkup cited time constraints as the reason. 26.0 percent received oral health education, and 91.4 percent were aware of the necessity of a corporate incremental dental care system. 3. Marital status, age and the reliability of dental institutions made differences to their choice of a dental institution. 4. As for the relationship between oral health awareness and the factors for the choice of a dental institution, oral health awareness had a statistically significant positive correlation to the reliability of dental institutions. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggest that oral health education enables workers to have a correct knowledge on oral health, to change their own oral health behavior and to make the right choice of a dental institution in consideration of their oral characteristics. They should be urged to get a regular dental checkup not to develop chronic oral diseases so that they couldn't have to receive first-aid dental treatment. To promote the oral health of workers, oral health care personnels available should be utilized, and the incremental dental care system should be more vitalized to cut down on their effective demand for dental treatment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.330-343
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Zanthoxylum schinifolium is traditionally used as a spice for cooking in East Asian countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative potential of ethanol extracts of Z. schinifolium leaves (EEZS) against human bladder cancer T24 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Subsequent to measuring the cytotoxicity of EEZS, the anti-cancer activity was measured by assessing apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, we determined the underlying mechanism of EEZS-induced apoptosis through various assays, including Western blot analysis. RESULTS: EEZS treatment concentration-dependently inhibited T24 cell survival, which is associated with apoptosis induction. Exposure to EEZS induced the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand, activated caspases, and subsequently resulted to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EEZS also enhanced the expression of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by suppressing MMP, following increase in the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression and truncation of Bid. However, EEZS-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly diminished by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Moreover, EEZS inhibited activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the apoptosis-inducing potential of EEZS was promoted in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor. In addition, EEZS enhanced the production of ROS, whereas N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly suppressed growth inhibition and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by EEZS. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the EEZS-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to EEZS exhibits anti-cancer activity in T24 bladder cancer cells through ROS-dependent induction of apoptosis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2009

Recently, the Korea's economy concerns the second money crisis because of the rapid increase of the exchange rate. The Korea's economy which is very dependent on the foreign trade is more sensitive to the change of exchange rates. There are many literatures which analyze the effects of variations of the exchange rates on the secondary and tertiary industries such as the manufacturing industry and IT(Information Technology). But there have been no studies which try to figure out the effects of variations of exchange rate on the primary industries, especially, fisheries' industry. Therefore this paper tries to analyze the effect of price competition structure and the change of exchange rate on foreign fisheries exporting prices in Korea's fisheries import market. This study utilizes OLS(Ordinary Least Squares Analysis) for the analysis in the market of frozen yellow corvina, hairtail, angler fish which are major fisheries importable in Korea. The results show that the exporting country which has the highest market share is more sensitive to the change of the exchange rates itself than that of the other exporting countries' price when it starts to set up its exporting price. And the exporting countries which have low market share are more sensitive to the change of price which country has the highest market share than that of price whose countries have low market share and those of their exchange rate. Also we can find out that the countries which have similar market share try to set up price-setting strategy in the opposite direction. In other words, one country tries to bid up its price, other countries response to rival country by lowering their prices. In the consideration of the fact that most exporting countries aren't affected by Korea's fisheries' prices, the exporting countries in Korea's fisheries import market are more sensitive to the prices of other exporting countries than that of Korea's. This result indicates that the price leader-follower model could be applicable to the Korea's fisheries import market.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health behavior of shipbuilding company workers in some regions in a bid to provide information on the oral health plans for industrial fields. Methods : The subjects in this study were 310 workers in 10 shipbuilding companies and suppliers in Jeolla Namdo Province, on whom a self-administered survey was conducted. Results : 1. Concerning general information about the subjects who participated in the research, gender was possessed 94.8% by men and 5.2% by women. Age was the largest in 31~40 years old with 44.2%. Marital status was the largest in the married with 64.5%. It was the largest in under high school graduate with 71.9% for academic background, in 2,000,000 won~3,000,000 won with 49.0% for monthly family income, and in cooking with 33.9% for work field. 2. Research subjects' toothbrushing time was indicated to be the largest in after having breakfast. It was indicated to be twice a day with 41.3% for toothbrushing frequency. 90.3% of the respondents are not using auxiliary oral hygiene devices. 3. Recognition on periodontal health status was found larger in workers whose response was that their own periodontal health status is 'healthy' than workers who responded that their status is 'not healthy.' Workers, who don't have subjective symptom on periodontal status, were indicated to be larger. 4. Ratio of subjects with tooth scaling experience accounted for 59.7%. The ratio of tooth scaling experience was indicated to be different depending on academic background and monthly family income. Conclusions : Academic credential, monthly family income and the line of work were identified as the main factors to affect oral health care of the shipbuilding workers. Oral health education and dynamic implementation of corporate oral health promotion which are designed to meet the needs of workers are required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7995-8001
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• 2014

Interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) has been used to treat various malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the direct anti-proliferative activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ are poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antitumor activity of IFN-${\gamma}$ on two human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines, H322M and H226. Our findings indicated that IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment caused a time-dependent reduction in cell viability and induced apoptosis through a FADD-mediated caspase-8/tBid/mitochondria-dependent pathway in both cell lines. Notably, we also postulated that IFN-${\gamma}$ increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enzymatic activity in H322M and H226 cells. In addition, inhibition of IDO activity by the IDO inhibitor 1-MT or tryptophan significantly reduced IFN-${\gamma}$-induced apoptosis and death receptor 5 (DR5) expression, which suggests that IDO enzymatic activity plays an important role in the anti-NSCLC cancer effect of IFN-${\gamma}$. These results provide new mechanistic insights into interferon-${\gamma}$ antitumor activity and further support IFN-${\gamma}$ as a potential therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of NCSLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

Background: Much has been done to examine the psychological impact of cancer treatment, but it remains unclear to what extent anxiety and depression is related to symptom prevalence. The present study concerned the characteristics and frequency of distress as related to symptom prevalence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Participants were 303 consecutive adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in an academic medical center. The short form Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS-SF), which covers three domains of symptoms (global distress, physical- and psychological symptoms) was used to cross-sectionally measure symptom frequency and associated distress via self-reporting. One-way ANOVA and t-tests were used to test mean differences among MSAS-SF subscale scores. Results: Complete data were available for 303 patients. The mean number of symptoms was 14.5. The five most prevalent were fatigue, dry mouth, hair loss, drowsiness and lack of appetite. Overall, symptom burden and frequency were higher than in other published MSAS-SF studies. Higher symptom frequency was also found to be significantly related to greater distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusions: Patients undergoing chemotherapy suffer from multiple physical and psychological symptoms. Better symptom control or palliative care is needed. Greater frequency of reported symptoms may also indicate a subconscious bid by patients for care and reassurance - thus tailored intervention to manage distress should be offered.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2011

As a lot of education information are increasingly utilized in the educational sector, there is a consequent increase in the number of cases that file an action against the violation of the copyright law. Copyright education is provided to teachers in diverse ways, but they aren't well aware of it actually. The purpose of this study was to examine the copyright knowledge of teachers in a bid to determine whether they knew well about what they had to do or not. The subjects in this study were 349 elementary school teachers. After their knowledge was evaluated, it's found that they were different from one another in copyright knowledge according to their experiences of producing educational contents rather than educational experiences about copyright. Although they ever received education on copyright, they were better knowledgeable about that when they actually made use of educational information at their own request. The findings of the study suggested that down-to-earth, authentic and context-specific copyright education would be more effective than just theoretical one.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.11
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• pp.944-954
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• 2013

Cognitive radio technology gives secondary users chances that they can use specific spectrum of the primary user when the primary user doesn't use it. This paper proposes the algorithm that maximizes the benefit of the primary user considering spectrum price and auction period by using the auction game theory. According to the ratio of spectrum that secondary users bid, primary user allocates spectrum to secondary users. In the process of repeated auction, the primary user gets to find the optimal price of spectrum. Using the price and the proposed utility function of primary user, we derive the optimal auction period. At the same time, the primary user finally determines the price of spectrum appropriate for the optimal period.