• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

Condylar resroption, or condylysis can be defined as progressive alteration of condylar shape and decrease in mass. Although the cause is unknown, condylar resorption has been assocated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic erythematous, steroid usage, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. In most case, however, there is no identifiable precipitating event. Hence the term is idiopathic condylar resorption. With condylar resorption, the bone loss is resulting in a loss of posterior support in the involved condyle and the mandible can then shift. As a result, the most patients exhibit occlusal change, openbite, retrognathism, and a decrease in posterior face height. This article reports cases of condylar resorption. And the author will review factors capable of changes of condyle, pathogensis and management of conylar resorption.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.640-656
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• 2017

Xerostomia is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor usually originating from the oral cavity. Halitosis can lead to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. The occurrence of halitosis closely related with intraoral conditions including the presence of xerostomia. Especially, the relationship between xerostomia and halitosis is prominent in elderly patients receiving polypharmacy with at least two systemic diseases. This study is a review of the update literature of xerostomia and halitosis. A large number of papers have been searched and identified using the words , , , , , , and . Papers not relevant to the issue were removed reducing the entries to 79 only. Most of identified papers were systematic reviews, non-systematic reviews, and observational studies. With a proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of xerostomia and halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. This article concisely focuses on the development of a systemic flow of events to come to the proper treatment of the xerostomia and halitosis.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

Purpose - The pandemic has magnified and deepened existing socioeconomic disparities, including healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. This study aims to examine the intersectionality of these disparities and their implications for promoting equity and justice. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic disparities. The review includes empirical studies, policy reports, and academic articles on healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing disparities. Result - The pandemic has exposed significant disparities in healthcare, education, income, gender, and housing. Healthcare disparities have been highlighted, and there is a need for more equitable access to care and addressing social determinants of health. Educational and income disparities are closely linked, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. Gender disparities have been exacerbated, with women experiencing disproportionate impacts on their health, well-being, and economic security. The pandemic has highlighted the need for safe, stable, and affordable housing. Conclusion - The pandemic has brought to light numerous socioeconomic disparities that require systemic change to address. Promoting equity and justice requires a comprehensive, long-term approach that addresses systemic factors and promotes social and economic equity. By taking action to address these issues, we can create a more just and equitable society that promotes the health and well-being of all its members.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.378-384
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• 2001

Systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration is the rarest form of congenital anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung, where an anomalous systemic artery arising from aorta supplies a normal unsequestrated segment of the lung. The non-sequestrated lung parenchyma which is supplied by an aberrant artery, has no parenchymal or bronchial abnormalities, and there is a normal connection with the bronchial trees. The symptoms of this disease varies. In most patients, it is often asymptomatic, but symptoms including dyspnea, hemoptysis, and central nervous system complications are possible. Here, we report a case of systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration, which confirmed by angiography, with a review of the literature.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2009

This research considers to analyze the importance and priority order of outsourcing partner selecting factors on plant exporters. This research deals with case study on the outsourcing in the "A" plants exporter. To obtain the goal this research, firstly, based on reviewing previous literature and taking professional advice, the selecting factors were identified and conceptualized, and we made the hierarchy model and utilized AHP in analysis method. Secondly, AHP model constructed 3 higher factors, and 9 lower factors. Thirdly, the data used for the weight values for the outsourcing partner factors were collected from outsourcing experts and officers in "A" company. The 3 higher factors were 'Firm's Competence', 'Customer/User Factor', and 'Systemic Factor', and the 9 lower factors were 'experience of outsourcing', 'competency based HR', 'market share', 'reliability', and 'communication', etc. As the results of the analysis, this research evaluated with an importance highest among selecting factors of outsourcing partner of "A" company were 'Customer/User Factor(46.5%)', 'Systemic Factor(27.8%)' and 'Firm's Competence(25.7%)'. And importance highest among lower selecting factors of outsourcing partner of "A" company were 'reliability(31.4%)', 'competency based HR(14.4%)' and 'communication(13.7%)'. The developed model and selecting factors of outsourcing partner are expected to contribute on effective decisions on plants exporters. Managerial implications and future research directions are suggested based on findings.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.113-135
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• 2017

Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a wide range of root-colonizing bacteria with the capacity to enhance plant growth and control plant pathogens. Here we review recent progress that indicate some PGPR strains release a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that promote growth in Arabidopsis seedlings and induce resistance against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. In particular, the volatile components 2,3-butanediol and acetoin released exclusively from the PGPR strains triggered the greatest level of growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Pharmacological applications of 2,3-butanediol promoted the plant growth and induced resistance, while bacterial mutants blocked in 2,3-butanediol and acetoin synthesis was devoid of growth-promotion and induced resistance capacities. The results suggested that the bacterial VOCs play a critical role in the plant growth promotion and induced resistance by PGPR. Using transgenic and mutant lines of Arabidopsis, we provide evidences that the signal pathway activated by volatiles from one PGPR strain is dependent on cyto-kinin activation for growth promotion and dependent on an ethylene-signaling pathway for induced pathogen resistance. This discovery provides new insight into the role of bacterial VOCs as initiators of both plant growth promotion and defense responses in plants.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.288-293
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• 2007

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP) is a rare but life-threatening multi-system disorder characterized by the classic pentad of clinical features that includes fever, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurologic abnormalities and renal dysfunction. TTP has been rarely reported to simultaneously present with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While it is important to distinguish between the two diseases of therapeutic implication, cases of concurrent TTP and SLE help to elucidate the pathophysiology that underlies each condition. We describe two adolescents with synchronous TTP and SLE, and review the literature.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.533-539
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• 2011

Critical infrastructure resilience has been integrated in critical infrastructure protection in US after Department of Homeland Security recognized that protection, in isolation, is a brittle strategy. Here "resilience" is the system's ability to efficiently reduce both the magnitude and the duration of systemic impacts after hazards, and quantitatively assessed as a resilience cost. The resilience cost is the sum of systemic impacts and recovery efforts, and many case studies on resilience costs show that the recovery effort should be included in resilience assessment. This paper explains how the resilience cost is defined and quantified with a case study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide the method to measure physiologic response using equipments and auditory stimulation, and the physiologic response features of adult psychiatric disorders through a systemic review. Methods : The systemic review was executed using PubMed. The key words for search were "auditory stimulation, auditory startle, electromyograph, skin conductance, heart rate, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, depression". 8 studies were used for data analysis, and all of levels of evidence were level II. The substances of the review were subject(population), auditory stimulation, measure equipments and physiologic response features of psychiatric disorder. Results : 1. The subjects for the studies were anxiety disorder(4) and schizophrenia(4). 2. Auditory stimulation was used in 8 studies and visual stimulation with auditory stimulation was used in 2 studies to induce physiologic response. 3. Every study used electromyograph, and skin conductance was used in 2 studies and heart rate was used in 2 studies with electromyograph to measure physiologic response. 4. The subjects for the studies, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder(PTSD, OCD) have different physiologic response features with the normal control group. Conclusion : All studies used simple tones as an auditory stimulation and electromyograph to measure physiologic response. Psychiatric disorders indicated larger response, shorter and delayed habituation. The objective and systematic study using physiologic measure to investigate the sensory feature of psychologic disorders.