• 제목/요약/키워드: synthetic fuel

검색결과 141건 처리시간 0.027초

고성능 탄화수소계 고분자 전해질막의 합성 전략 (Synthetic Strategies for High Performance Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (PEMs) for Fuel Cells)

  • 이소영;김형준;남상용;박치훈
    • 멤브레인
    • /
    • 제26권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-13
    • /
    • 2016
  • 연료전지는 화석연료, 특히 내연기관을 대체할 수 있는 가장 대표전인 에너지 기술이다. 가장 중요한 핵심 재료 중 하나로서 연료기체의 장벽 역할을 함과 동시에 수소이온전달 역할을 하는 고분자 전해질 막(PEM)이 있다. PEM 내부에서 수화 채널은 수소이온의 전달통로 역할을 하기 때문에, 많은 연구자들은 높은 함수율을 저가습 상태에서도 유지하여 우수한 수소이온 전달 능력을 보유할 수 있는 상분리현상을 통한 친수성 채널 형성에 대하여 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 본 총설에서는 이러한 낮은 가습조건에서도 높은 수소이온전도도를 갖는 술폰화 PEM들의 합성 전략에 대하여 논의 하여보고, 다른 연구자들의 고성능 탄화수소계 PEM의 설계에 도움을 주고자 하였다.

The developments of heavy hydrocarbon reformer for SOFC

  • 배중면
    • 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
    • /
    • pp.58.2-58.2
    • /
    • 2012
  • Heavy hydrocarbon reforming is a core technology for "Dirty energy smart". Heavy hydrocarbons are components of fossil fuels, biomass, coke oven gas and etc. Heavy hydrocarbon reforming converts the fuels into $H_2$-rich syngas. And then $H_2$-rich syngas is used for the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and petrochemicals. Energy can be used efficiently and obtained from various sources by using $H_2$-rich syngas from heavy hydrocarbon reforming. Especially, the key point of "Dirty energy smart" is using "dirty fuel" which is wasted in an inefficient way. New energy conversion laboratory of KAIST has been researched diesel reforming for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a part of "Dirty energy smart". Diesel is heavy hydrocarbon fuels which has higher carbon number than natural gas, kerosene and gasoline. Diesel reforming has difficulties due to the evaporation of fuels and coke formation. Nevertheless, diesel reforming technology is directly applied to "Dirty fuel" because diesel has the similar chemical properties with "Dirty fuel". On the other hand, SOFC has advantages on high efficiency and wasted heat recovery. Nippon oil Co. of Japan recently commercializes 700We class SOFC system using city gas. Considering the market situation, the development of diesel reformer has a great ripple effect. SOFC system can be applied to auxiliary power unit and distributed power generation. In addition, "Dirty energy smart" can be realized by applying diesel reforming technology to "Dirty fuel". As well as material developments, multidirectional approaches are required to reform heavy hydrocarbon fuels and use $H_2$-rich gas in SOFC. Gd doped ceria (CGO, $Ce_{1-x}Gd_xO_{2-y}$) has been researched for not only electrolyte materials but also catalysts supports. In addition, catalysts infiltrated electrode over porous $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}Ga_{0.8}Mg_{0.2}O_3-{\delta}$ and catalyst deposition at three phase boundary are being investigated to improve the performance of SOFC. On the other hand, nozzle for diesel atomization and post-reforming for light-hydrocarbons removal are examples of solving material problems in multidirectional approaches. Likewise, multidirectional approaches are necessary to realize "Dirty energy smart" like reforming "Dirty fuel" for SOFC.

  • PDF

미라클 탑 엔진 오일이 엔진 성능에 미치는 영향 분석 (The Effects of the Miracle Top Engine Oil In a SI Engine Performance)

  • 지명석
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.119-126
    • /
    • 2002
  • In this study, general engine oil and the Miracle top engine oil of Dongjin chemistry company were tested to find the effects to the SI engine performance. Roller dynamometer used to find maximum power, fuel consumption rate and the emission. Maximum power was measured higher when the Miracle top engine oil was used in the vehicle. By use of the Miracle top engine oil, fuel consumption rate and emission was measured lower and compression pressure was higher compared use of general engine oil. Also the Miracle top engine oil was found to decrease the engine noise at the low RPM. And after 1,500km drive at the same condition, the dust in the oil pan and oil filter was measured less when the Miracle top engine oil used compared than general engine oil used.

  • PDF

바이오매스 활용 기반으로의 가스화 기술 (Gasification Technology as Energy Utilization Platform of Biomass)

  • 이정우;김영두;양창원;김광수;문지홍;김범종;정재용;박주환;박민선;이은도
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
    • /
    • pp.175-176
    • /
    • 2012
  • As a carbon neutral fuel, biomass can be converted into various types of high-valued products such as synthetic natural gas (SNG), Hydrogen, Fischer - Tropsch (FT) diesel. and valuable chemicals. In order to make above mentioned products, gasificaion process is essential as energy utilization platform of solid biomass. In this study, state of the art and prospect for biomass gasification technologies are presented.

  • PDF

선박에서의 CO2 배출량 저감 방안 연구 (The Study on Reduction Method of CO2 Emission from Ships)

  • 마에다 카즈유키;김영운
    • 수산해양교육연구
    • /
    • 제25권3호
    • /
    • pp.705-715
    • /
    • 2013
  • This Paper presented the reduction methods of $CO_2$ emission from ships during voyage. In order to decrease $CO_2$ emission during voyage the equation was established and conducted the study about the relationship between ship speed, the propulsive efficiency and its $CO_2$ production. The results obtained from the examinations are as follows : 1. $CO_2$ emission from sailing ships can be decreased by reducing specific fuel oil consumption of main diesel engine, coefficient of total resistance and ship speed and also by increasing propeller efficiency. 2. Diesel-electric propulsion system is more effective than diesel-mechanical system to decrease the level of $CO_2$ emission during long voyage. 3. Good condition of ship's hull surface, rudder and propeller's surface can decrease the quantity of fuel oil and $CO_2$ emission by reducing the resistance of ship that can rise the propeller efficiency 4. $CO_2$ emitted from ships can be decreased in a global scale by giving attention to the synthetic transport efficiency.

Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry를 이용한 핵연료봉내 기체분석 (Analysis of Gases in Nuclear Fuel Rod by Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry)

  • 김승수;강문자;박순달;박용준;조기수
    • 분석과학
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.94-98
    • /
    • 1999
  • Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer를 이용하여 핵연료봉으로부터 포집된 1기업이하 소량의 기체들로부터 그들의 조성과 동위원소비를 구하는 방법을 검토하였다. He, $N_2$, $O_2$, Ar, Kr, Xe의 개별기체와 혼합기체를 이용하여 기체압력과 조성비에 따른 검정곡선의 직선성을 조사하였다. Sample chamber와 analyser chamber 사이에 부착된 molecular leak의 영향을 조사하였으며, 시료와 유사한 조성을 갖는 혼합표준기체로부터 각 기체의 감도를 얻은 후 동일조건에서 시료를 분석하였다. 측정압력 범위에서 Kr과 Xe의 동위원소간 감도차는 크게 나타나지 않았다.

  • PDF

모사 SNG 연료를 적용한 모델 가스터빈 연소기의 연소 불안정성에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on Combustion Instability in Model Gas Turbine Combustor using Simulated SNG Fuel)

  • 최인찬;이기만
    • 한국연소학회지
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.32-42
    • /
    • 2015
  • The combustion instability was experimentally investigated in model gas turbine combustor with dual swirl burner. When such instability occurs, a strong coupling between pressure oscillation and unsteady heat release excites a self-sustained acoustic wave which results in a loud sound, and can even cause fatal damage to the combustor and entire system. In present study, to understand the combustion instability with a premixed mixture, the detailed periods of pressure and heat release data in unstable flame mode were investigated by various measurement methods at relatively rich condition and lean condition near flammable limits. Also, to prepare the utilization of synthetic natural gas (SNG) fuel in gas turbine system, an investigation was conducted using a simulated SNG including methane as a reference fuel to examine the effects of $H_2$ content on flame stability. These results provide that the instability due to flash-back behaviour like CIVB phenomenon occurred at rich condition, while the repetition of relighting and extinction caused the oscillation of lean condition near flammable limit. From the analysis of $H_2$ content effects, it is also confirmed that the instability frequency is proportional to the laminar burning velocity at both rich and lean condition.

석탄가스화 합성가스(H2/CO)-공기 예혼합화염의 층류 연소속도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Synthetic Gas of Coal Gasification(H2/CO)-Air Premixed Flames)

  • 정병규;이기만
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제23권5호
    • /
    • pp.493-502
    • /
    • 2012
  • Syngas laminar burning velocity measurements were carried out at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature using the Bunsen flame configuration with nozzle burner as a fundamental study on flame stability of syngas fuel. Representative syngas mixture compositions ($H_2$:CO) such as 25:75%, 50:50% and 75:25% and equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.4 have been conducted. Average laminar burning velocities have been determined by the stabilized nozzle burner flames using the angle method, radical surface area method and compared with the data obtained from the other literatures. And the results of each experimental methodologies in the various composition ratios and equivalence ratios were coincided with the result of numerical simulation. Especially, it was confirmed that there was necessary to choice a more accurate measurement methodology even the same static flame method for the various composition ratios of syngas fuel including hydrogen. Also, it was reconfirmed that the laminar burning velocities gradually increased with the increasing of hydrogen content in a fuel mixture.

가솔린 기관의 냉간시동 조건에서 합성가스 배기분사 기술에 의한 촉매의 활성화 온도 도달시간 단축 및 유해배출물 저감에 관한 연구 (Study on Shortening Light-Off Time of Three Way Catalyst and Reduction of Harmful Emissions with Exhaust Synthetic Gas Injection(ESGI) Technology during Cold Start of SI Engines)

  • 조용석;이성욱;원상연;송춘섭;박영준
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제16권3호
    • /
    • pp.94-101
    • /
    • 2008
  • Since regulations of exhaust emissions are continuously reinforced, studies to reduce harmful emissions during the cold start period of SI engines have been carried out very extensively worldwide. During the cold start period, raising the temperature of cold exhaust gas is a key strategy to minimize the light-off time of three way catalysts. In this study, a synthetic gas containing a large amount of hydrogen was injected into the exhaust manifold to raise the exhaust gas temperature and to reduce harmful emissions. The authors tried to evaluate changes in exhaust gas temperature and harmful emissions through controlling the engine operating parameters such as ignition timings and lambda values. Also the authors investigated both combustion stability and reduction of harmful emissions. Experimental results showed that combustion of the synthetic gas in the exhaust manifold is a very effective way for solving the problems of harmful emissions and light-off time. The results also showed that the strategy of retarded ignition timings and increased air/fuel ratios with ESGI is effective in raising exhaust gas temperature and reducing harmful emissions. Futhermore, the results showed that engine operating parameters ought to be controlled to lambda = 1.2 and ignition timing = $0{\sim}3^{\circ}$ conditions to reduce harmful emissions effectively under stable combustion conditions.

DME를 이용한 경유자동차의 유해대기오염물질 발생 특성 연구 (A Study on Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions From Diesel Engines Utilizing DME Fuel)

  • 임윤성;서충열;곽순철;이종태;박정민;강대일;김종춘;이영재;표영덕;임의순;동종인
    • 한국대기환경학회지
    • /
    • 제22권1호
    • /
    • pp.53-61
    • /
    • 2006
  • Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develop various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels in order to solve the exhaust emission problems. DME (Dimethylether) is synthetic fuel, and can be produced from natural gas, coal and biomass. The emission is clean because it contains little sulfur and aromatic components In this study, the fuel was tested to investigate the applicability as an alternative fuel for diesel. This study was carried out by comparing the exhaust emissions and performance of diesel engine with DME, ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel), LSD (low sulfur diesel) respectively. In order to measure regulated emissions, CO, $NO_{3}$, HC from vehicle different fuel types were used on chassis dynamometer CVS (constant volume sampler)-75 mode and EPA TO-I1A method was chosen for aldehydes analysis.