• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.81-86
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• 2002

In current CBR(Case-Based Reasoning) systems, the case adaptation is usually performed by rule-based method that use rules hand-coded by the system developer. So, CBR system designer faces knowledge acquisition bottleneck similar to those found in traditional expert system design. In this thesis, 1 present a model for learning method of case adaptation knowledge using case base. The feature difference of each pair of cases are noted and become the antecedent part of an adaptation rule, the differences between the solutions in the compared cases become the consequent part of the rule. However, the number of rules that can possibly be discovered using a learning algorithm is enormous. The first method for finding cases to compare uses a syntactic measure of the distance between cases. The threshold fur identification of candidates for comparison is fixed th the maximum number of differences between the target and retrived case from all retrievals. The second method is to use similarity metric since the threshold method may not be an accurate measure. I suggest the elimination method of duplicate rules. In the elimination process, a confidence value is assigned to each rule based on its frequency. The learned adaptation rules is applied in riven target Problem. The basic. process involves search for all rules that handle at least one difference followed by a combination process in which complete solutions are built.

• Language and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2014

This paper proposes a unified structural account of some instances of the English Modals and Semi-auxiliaries. The classification and the syntactic/structural description of the English Modal auxiliary verbs and verb-related elements have long been the center for many proposals in the history of generative syntax. According to van Gelderen (1993) and Lightfoot (2002), it was sometime around 1380 that the Tense-node (T) appeared in the phrasal structures of the English language, and the T-node is under which the English Modal auxiliaries occupy. Closely related is the existing evidence that English Modals were used as main verbs up to the early sixteenth century (Lightfoot 1991, Han 2000). This paper argues for a bi-clausal approach to English Modal auxiliaries with the infinitival particle 'to' such as 'ought to' 'used to' and 'dare (to)' 'need (to)', etc. and Semi-auxiliaries including 'be to' and 'have to'. More specifically, 'ought' in 'ought to' constructions, for instance, undergoes V-to-T movement within the matrix clause, just like 'HAVEAux' and all instances of 'BE', whereas 'to' occupies the T position of the embedded complement clause. By proposing the bi-clausal account, Radford's (2004, 2009) problems can be solved. Further, the historical motivation for the account takes a stance along with Norde (2009) and Brinton & Traugott (2005) in that Radford's (2004, 2009) syncretization of the two positions of the infinitival particle 'to' is no different from the 'boundary loss' in the process of Grammariticalization. This line of argument supports Krug's (2011), and in turn Bolinger's(1980) generalization on Auxiliaryhood, while providing a novel insight into Head movement of V-to-T in Present Day English.

• Language and Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2011

A Korean adverb '거의(geoui)' modifies predicates to generate complex predicates which have meanings of 'nearly' complete or typical properties of the modified predicates in quantities, degrees, and frequencies. The modified predicates 'complete' or 'typical' properties are referred counterfactually as standards for the generated predicates' meanings of deficiencies. These counterfactual standards can be formalized by a counterfactual conditional operator of the intensional semantics in Cresswell(1990). The deficiencies in the quantities, degrees, or frequencies of the properties can be expressed formally introducing a world-independent measure of comparison. The measure can be manufactured out of relations between intensional things at indices and their equivalence classes. The world-independent measure of comparison has a semantic structure under-specified in quantity, degree, and frequency, and seems very well-suited in describing lexical meaning of '거의(geoui)'. The lexical-semantic analysis of '거의(geoui)' shows explicitly the plausibility of the indispensable existence of the comparing measure which works across real and counterfactual worlds in natural language meaning. On the other hand, we examined Kim, young-hee(1985)'s proposal of a transition of quantificational meaning for Korean degree adverbs, where he tried to explain the quantificational meaning of Korean degree adverbs in general including '거의(geoui)' with several syntactic and semantic constraints of 'contextual deletion'. But it is shown that the quantificational meanings of the degree adverbs which Kim(1985) discussed are also explained better by their under-specified meanings in quantities, frequencies and degrees with the world-independent measure of comparison applied to their paradigmatic lexical constraint rather than Kim(1985)'s transition of meaning.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2004

Semantic interpretation of image is incomplete without some mechanism for understanding semantic content that is not directly visible. For this reason, human assisted content-annotation through natural language is an attachment of textual description to image. However, keyword-based retrieval is in the level of syntactic pattern matching. In other words, dissimilarity computation among terms is usually done by using string matching not concept matching. In this paper, we propose a method for computerized semantic similarity calculation In WordNet space. We consider the edge, depth, link type and density as well as existence of common ancestors. Also, we have introduced method that applied similarity measurement on semantic image retrieval. To combine wi#h the low level features, we use the spatial color distribution model. When tested on a image set of Microsoft's 'Design Gallery Line', proposed method outperforms other approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2010

The studies published up to now, related to the correlation between spatial structure and visitors' behavior in a museum are rather relatively lacking when it comes to the in-depth consideration for the effect of the actual exhibition environment. So the main purpose of this study is to define the correlation between the light environment and the visitors' behavior. Towards this end, this study uses 'space syntax' to quantify the spatial structure with 'integration', 'connectivity' and 'control value'. Meanwhile, 'tracking score' and 'tracking frequency' were selected as the scope among the indices of behavior's analysis. The results of this study are as follows; First, integration and correlation of tracking score and tracking frequency are lowest when it comes to the extra large historical museums where the difference of intensity of illumination by each convex space. Meanwhile, the most considerable effect is exerted by control value. Compared to tracking score, tracking frequency is closely related to 'syntactic variables'. Second, visitors do not take the short cut the dark exhibition space even when very dark exhibition spaces continue after passing through relatively bright space. Analysis of visitors' behavior by control value in the exhibition space composed of this type of intensity of illumination environment is not valid. Third, visitors move to relatively brighter transitional space compared to the exhibition space with low intensity of illumination when passing through dark exhibition continually. Meanwhile, when visitors pass through the exhibition space there is some difference intensity of illumination they move to relatively dark exhibition center among the subsequent exhibition spaces. Accordingly, when the composition of exhibition space that continues onto the environment of low intensity of illumination is inevitable, differentiating intensity of illumination appropriately would be effective in inducing visit to the subsequent exhibition space.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomena of preposing and inversion in English from the discourse-pragmatic perspectives. We claim that different types of preposing can be unified to a single process of topicalization. We also show that diverse discourse functions of inversion can be subsumed under the ‘linking’ function with the prior discourse. It is followed a comparative discussion between preposing and inversion to find what similarities the two constructions share and what differences there exist between the two. It is concluded that the choice of a syntactic forms ultimately depends on the speaker's evaluation of the information status of the knowledge store of the hearer.

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

underground space have many negative environmental clements which should be confirmed on location and line of action by the artificial signs. iccordingly, environmental graphics as visual language for popular signification-function have to be studied on sign theory of symbolic meanings. Ho\/ever, its usage has not only decorated by microscopiC appreciative eye but also lost its meanlllg as a visual language which was caused by the negligence of systematic management of the facility in charge Result of study, Visual environmental factors as a cause of behavioral attitude based on the study, which has been carefully considered as a communication of the visual language. Therefore, considering the underground environmental graphics as the: sign or the signification-function, It has to be studied on syntactic, semantic and pragmatic viewpoint. SpeCifically, to maKe the color and formation language a signification-function as a generalized connotation to the public, a distinctive classified Visual language must be applied.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1099-1109
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• 2014

Web-accessibility evaluation tools can be used to determine whether or not a website meets accessibility guidelines. As such, many such tools have been developed for web accessibility, but most of them dynamically fetch and analyze pages and as a result, some pages maybe omitted due to the lack of access authorization or environment information. In this paper, we propose a static method that analyzes web accessibility via abstract parsing. Our abstract parsing technique understands syntactic and semantic program structures that dynamically generate web pages according to external inputs and parameters. The static method performs its analysis without omitting any pages because it covers all execution paths. We performed an experiment with a PHP-based website to demonstrate how our tool discovers more accessibility errors than a dynamic page accessibility analysis tool.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2006

This paper propose the method of constructing the Digital Logic Systems based on the Improved Automatic Theorem Proving Techniques(IATP) over Finite Fields. The proposed method is as following. First, we discuss the background and the important mathematical properties for Finite Fields. Also, we discuss the concepts of the Automatic Theorem Proving Techniques(ATP) including the syntactic method and semantic method, and discuss the basic properties for the Alf. In this step, we define several definitions of the IAIP, Table Pseudo Function Tab and Equal. Next, we propose the T-gate as Building Block(BB) and describe the mathematical representation for the notation of T-gate. Then we discuss the important properties for the T-gate. Also, we propose the several relationships that are Identity relationship, Constant relationship, Tautology relationship and Mod R cyclic relationship. Then we propose Mod R negation gate and the manipulation of the don't care conditions. Finally, we propose the algorithm for the constructing the method of the digital logic systems over finite fields. The proposed method is more efficiency and regularity than my other earlier methods. Thet we prospect the future research and prospects.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.4 s.107
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• pp.479-488
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• 2006

The iconic language interlace is designed to provide more convenient environments for communication to the target system than the keyboard-based interface. For this work, tendencies and features of vocabulary are analyzed in conversation corpora constructed from the corresponding domains with high degree of utilization, and the meaning and vocabulary system of iconic language are constructed through application of natural language processing methodologies such as morphological, syntactic and semantic analyses. The part of speech and grammatical rules of iconic language are defined in order to make the situation corresponding the icon to the vocabulary and meaning of the Korean language and to communicate through icon sequence. For linguistic ambiguity resolution which may occur in the iconic language and for effective semantic processing, semantic data focused on situation of the iconic language are constructed from the general purpose Korean semantic dictionary and subcategorization dictionary. Based on them, the Korean language generation from the iconic interface in semantic domain is suggested.