• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.975-986
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• 2022

딥러닝은 이미지 처리에 있어 우수한 성능을 보여주며 큰 주목을 받고 있지만, 입력 데이터에 대한 변조를 통해 모델이 오분류하게 만드는 적대적 공격에 매우 취약하다. 적대적 공격을 통해 생성된 적대적 예제는 사람이 식별하기 어려울 정도로 최소한으로 변조가 되며 이미지의 전체적인 시각적 특징은 변하지 않는다. 딥러닝 모델과 달리 사람은 이미지의 여러 특징을 기반으로 판단하기 때문에 적대적 예제에 속지 않는다. 본 논문은 이러한 점에 착안하여 이미지의 색상, 모양과 같은 시각적이고 상징적인 특징인 Symbolic Representation을 활용한 적대적 예제 탐지 방법을 제안한다. 입력 이미지에 대한 분류결과에 대응하는 Symbolic Representation과 입력 이미지로부터 추출한 Symbolic Representation을 비교하여 적대적 예제를 탐지한다. 다양한 방법으로 생성한 적대적 예제를 대상으로 탐지성능을 측정한 결과, 공격 목표 및 방법에 따라 상이하지만 specific target attack에 대하여 최대 99.02%의 탐지율을 보였다.

• 복식
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• 제44권
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• pp.144-152
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are to 1) enforce the necessity of liturgical vestments though clarifying the symbolic meaning, function and ritual importance of Christian liturgical vestments of ministers, 2) figure out the process of changes and characteristics of Christian liturgical vestments of ministers. 3) clarify the liturgical year, symbolic patterns and colors of the liturgical vestments, and 4) study on the status of current liturgical vestments worn by protestant ministers. Based on the catholic and the protestant churches, the scope of the study was decided and the study was conducted along with research on documents and materials. The results are as follows: 1) The liturgical vestments of priests in the Old Testament era had to be worn by stipulated rules and, instructions to perform duties. 2) The liturgical vestment of the catholid church are very various in their kinds and has their unique origins and meanings. 3) The symbolic patterns, color and meanings used by liturgical years of christianity. 4) Design on the liturgical gown and stole of christian ministers.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2005

Everything of the world we live in has its own unique color. Those colors move us, enrich our every day life, and make us happy. When we have our hairs dyed by a color we like, we may look different, feeling confident and activated. We select a color fur our hair color design depending on such symbolic aspects as our life styles, self-images or personalities. Namely, we tend to choose a color the image of which we like. Such a tendency implies that it should be important to study hair colors in multi-faceted ways. The purpose of this study was to survey people's preferences of hair color tone images depending on their demographic and physical variables and thereby, determine the correlations between their preferences and variables. For this purpose, hair colors tones were classified into 11 categories and thereby, subjects' preferences of hair tones were analyzed in terms of the image adjective combinations. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; As a result of analyzing subjects' preferences of hair color tones depending on their such demographic variables as gender, age group and marital status, it was found that males tended to prefer dark tones more than females, and that those in their 30's or older tended to select dark tones more than those in their 20's. On the other hand, the married preferred medium bright tones more than the singles. Furthermore, such physical variables as body size, weight and apparel size were found correlated with hair color tone preferences. To be specific, shorter people desired more to have their hair colors match with their natural ones not to be less exposed to others. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the correlation between hair color tone preferences and weight and apparel size, it was found that fat people tended more to prefer medium bright color tones than normal or slim people.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find the character of Cleopatra (69 B.C-30 B.C) by analyzing materials about Cleopatra, and to figure out symbolism and costume presented in movie . Costume of the main character, Cleopatra, compound the type of Egyptian traditional clothes, the change of it, and the trend in the 1960's. And, the symbolic meaning of it is also reinforced by adding ancient Egyptian myth to it. This kind of symbol is usually represented in Cleopatra clothing, especially in weaving pattern, embroidery, and ornament. And color of the clothes not only have their on predominance, but also can have their meaning fade away by mixed with each other, and also the shape has relation with the meaning of color. To sum up, the color and pattern of ancint Egyptian Cleopatra as alive formalize the power that come from coherence with the sun god in the center, which a used to maintain the power of the king. Costume in movie also contained color and pattern as a symbol of religion to symbolize the absolute power of king. These kinds of symbols are reemerging through historical recurrences and exotic interests.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1078-1089
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to research of the symbolic meaning. of religious habit in the Korean Catholic Women's Religious Society. The research was carried out by investigating a wide range of document including those on museum of religious society, follow by considering the questionnaire and interviews on the habit. The results were as follow. The action and ceremony relation to religious habit should be expressive of evidence of Jesus, poverty and modesty, protect from external temptation, married with Jesus. External form of the religious habits should be expressive of Vergin Mary, bride of Jesus, york of Jesus, the Sacrament, atonement, innocenc, eternity, confirm one's determination, poverty, rasario, adversity. Symbolic meaning in external form of the religious habit was expressed more definitly, varietly than action and ceremony relation to religious habit by well designed item, detail, color and accessory of habits. All over the world religious societies allowing ordinary clothes but most korean women's religious societies still hold on religious habit. Present style is very simplyfied than the traditional one. But many religious societies make efforts for keeping the symbolic meaning of religious habit.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.703-714
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of ritual dress on korean catholic priest's impression. The subject consisted of 415 undergraduated students. The experimental materials developed for this study were 3 type color photographs stimuli of catholic priest model and 7-point sementic differential scale composed of 49 bipolar adjectives representing personal traits. The data were analyzed by factor analysis. the major findings drawn from this study were as follows : Four factors emerged to account for the dimentional structure of the impression of each dress style. Four factors were titled as open-hearted mind symbolic meaning nature of priest potency. The open-hearted mind factor was the largest throughout the 3types ritual dress. Casula had a positive effect on open-hearted mind nature of prist and negative on symbolic meaning potency. Sutan had a positive effect on open-hearted mind potency nature of priest and negative on symbolic meaning. Black suit with roman collar had a positive effect on open-hearted mind symbolic meaning nature of prist and negative on potency, Therefore the ritual dress had significant effect on korean catholic priest' impressin of open-hearted mind symbolic meaning nature of prist activity and potency

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권51호
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• pp.129-158
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• 2018

1950년부터 중국은 민족적 특색을 표현한 우수 애니메이션을 제작하기 시작했으며, 대표적으로 <산수정(山水情)>, <대요천궁(大?天?)>, <나타요해(???海)> 등의 작품은 국내외에서 많은 상을 받았다. 그러나 오늘날 대부분의 중국 애니메이션은 일본과 미국 애니메이션을 모방하고 있으며, 중국의 다양한 전통문화를 표현한 애니메이션은 극히 일부에 불과하다. 중국의 민족적 특색을 표현한 애니메이션이라 하더라도 관객들의 마음을 얻은 애니메이션은 현재까지 없다고 할 수 있다. 중국의 민족적 특색을 담은 애니메이션을 제작하기 위해서는 표면적인 중국식 그림이 아니라, 중국 전통과 민족 예술에 대한 깊이 있는 이해가 필요하다. 본 논문은 중국 애니메이션이 스타일과 색상 방면에서 다른 나라의 애니메이션과 달리 독특한 특징을 가질 수 있는 방법을 제시하기 위한 중국 전통의 오색관과 애니메이션에 대한 응용 연구이다. 중국 전통 오색관은 자연과 사회에 대한 중국 조상들의 사상과 인식이자, 홍(?), 황(?), 청(?), 백(白), 흑(黑) 등 5가지 단색(?色)을 바탕으로 오랜 시간 생활과 문화가 축적되어 끊임없이 발전한 색상 관념(?念)이다. 또한, 중국 전통 색상 체계의 이론적 기초이자, 중국의 역사와 문화, 철학, 종교의 이론을 종합한 학설(??)이다. 이를 기반으로 상하이 애니메이션 스튜디오(上海美??影制片?)가 제작한 컬러 장편 애니메이션 <대요천궁(大?天?)>에 등장한 손오공(?悟空)과 옥황상제(玉皇大帝)의 불교적 의상 색상과 그 상징적 의미에 대한 분석을 진행하고자 한다. 색상은 첫 번째 시각적 언어이며, 캐릭터의 내적 심리 상태와 지위, 선악(善?) 등을 표현하는 색상의 의미는 자연스럽게 관객들의 감정과 행동, 관점에도 영향을 미친다. 이렇게 중국 전통 오색관이 상징하는 그 의미는 오랜 역사를 지나면서 중국인들에게 점점 더욱 깊은 영향을 주어 왔다. 따라서 중국 전통 오색관의 색상 이념과 상징적 의미를 적용하여 중국식 애니메이션에 등장하는 캐릭터와 색상을 조합한다면, 중국 특유의 캐릭터 특징과 감정을 더욱 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 이런 중국 전통색의 특성을 애니메이션 작품에서 찾아보고, 그 의미를 오색관에 의거해 분석함으로써 중국의 전통문화 활용의 한 방법을 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to find out design problems of grand chapel of the Protestant church and to set analysis frame based on theoretical study on abstract symbolism and investigate cases and to give reference of abstract symbolism expression of design of the chapel. The findings were as follow: Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding among abstract symbolic factors, and metaphor was commonly used to express abstract symbols. First, 1) Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding at application of abstract symbolic factor of modern Protestant church to be the highest among pastors, office bearers, believers and non-Christians. 2) The metaphor was found to be the most noticeable among abstract symbolic expressions. Second, the findings of questionnaire survey was: The findings of questionnaire of not only abstract symbolic expression factor but also symbolic expression method was not to cognize ideas of pastor, office bearers, believers and designers often. This was because abstract symbolism was made from point of view of designers. Therefore, abstract symbolic expression factors of grand chapel of modern Protestant church, for instance, effective introduction of the light, light quoting the Bible sayings, material, color and shapes, etc should be used with metaphor and symmetry to give Christians value of symbol and to hide meaning of symbolic values to non-Christians who do not know contents of the Bible.

• 복식
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2009

This study is considered about the Taekwondo(跆拳道) uniform classified by period and analyzed the current Taekwondo uniform. And founded on this contents, new designs of uniform, that a functional side are considered and can symb이ize the identity of Taekwondo, are presented through this study. Ancient times to the present time, the Taekwondo uniform classified into three types according to 'Period of putting on our nation's costume'(three kingdoms${\sim}$Joseon(朝鮮) times), 'Period of confusion on uniform'(Japan's colonial rule of Korea${\sim}$-the early 1970s), 'Period of the settlement on official uniform'(the late 1970s-the present time). And besides, the shape of our nation's costume in ancient times is succeeded until Joseon times and this basic style becomes the outset on the current Taekwondo uniform. The designed uniforms are connoted the notion of the aesthetic appreciation in Korean traditional costume, that is, a symbolic, dignified, moderate appreciation with the consideration of a functional side for Taekwondo. And the contents on the presented designs are classified into 'shape, pattern, color'. First, these designs that are adapted the shape of Baji(바지) Jeogori(저고리)-belt, which have symbolized our nation's costume, and the shape of Bacja(배자) had used in Joseon times, are connoted a 'traditional appreciation with functional side'. Second, these designs, which are adapted the patterns of the active image(a bugbear, flying horse, tiger for embroidered patches, Taegeuk(太極)) in a modern style, express a 'symbolic, dignified appreciation'. Third, these designs are well-matched a black and white color with multicolored stripes(saekddong, 색동), and its ones are connoted a 'moderate and symbolic appreciation'.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on the meaning and variety about gender expressed in modern fashion. The results are as follows ; First, the typical masculine gender was authority, discretion as a result of heteropatriarchy focused on the western reason. It was conservative and the symbolic image type of the meaning excluded masculine sexual expression. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of straight silhouette, dark color, rough and stiff material. Second, the typical feminine gender was the symbolic image type of a mother and a wife defined relatively by man as a result of western heteropatriarchy and the image type which men regarded women as sexual objects. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of silhouette which let bodily curve out, light color, soft material. The most typical item is dress and suit. Third, androgyny has been described as the feminie gender of androgynous, which shows masculine image as the effect of feminism and social success of professional women. Dress and its ornament is expressed as the style of business suit, the symple of typical man's one. The masculine gender of androgynous is showed man's suit as silhouette that let bodily curve out, light color, exposure and soft material, which is the symbol of feminine dress, Fourth, unisex is the area of dress and its ornament used the sexless symbol which there has been no gender more because of the spread of sports and diffusion of leisure in life style.