• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1999

The Landscape Drawing is the main medium for constructing better environment which provides human beings with a place for dwelling well, even though it has some limitations. To provide places for people's daily lives, by what measure do we design\ulcorner, by what measure do we give dimension\ulcorner, and how can we appropriately measure the place with drawing\ulcorner On any given site, of course, much has already happened, i.e, there is history. Any adequate interpretation of such a site should poetically take into account the present effects of its absent past. The findings to reveal the meaning and methodology of landscape drawings in the environmental design with a case study are as follows: (1) The value of landscape drawings is the poetic, artistic interpretation which we sense and bodily experience through the simultaneous exposure of the site's temporal, spatial, and tactile conditions. (2) The landscape drawing should represent the invisible (imaginary) world as well as the visible (physical) world. (3) There can be classified as two methods in representing the rich experience of a place: expression and notation. Expression is the abstract representation and do not have a direct relationship to construction due to its ambiguous and connotative structure. But notation is constructional due to it's purely objective symbol system which is obviously denotative structure. (4) Collage is a medium of specific act that can represent the complex layered phenomena and the rich experience of given site. (5) The landscape drawings represent not only topographical space which can be measured objectively, but also topic which can be cognized culturally.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understanding the intrinsic meanings and aesthetic characteristics expressed by current fashion trends in neckties and to develop a new and unique fashion design for neckties. This study used precedent studies and related literatures to review the changes in neckties and the types of knots used over time. The findings were then verified by photographs from fashion magazines and collections from the 1990s. The results of this study are as follows. First, neckties, generally regarded as a symbol of masculinity, are often mixed with other men's or women's clothing items rather than being worn by themselves, and they provide an androgynous characteristic in women's fashion. This transcendence of femininity or masculinity reflects the human desire to be a more perfect being by sharing each others characteristics, and it can be seen in contemporary beauty trends. Second, neckties have been transformed into scarves, waist belts, front-fly omaments, and so forth. They are used to express a new and sensational sense, the sense of deconstructionism, by breaking away from stereotypes and changing the shape of neckties atypically.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

단어 표현은 기계학습을 사용하는 자연어 처리 분야에서 중요하다. 단어 표현은 단어를 텍스트가 아닌 컴퓨터가 분별할 수 있는 심볼로 표현하는 방법이다. 기존 단어 임베딩은 대량의 말뭉치를 이용하여 문장에서 학습할 단어의 주변 단어를 이용하여 학습한다. 하지만 말뭉치 기반의 단어 임베딩은 단어의 등장 빈도수나 학습할 단어의 수를 늘리기 위해서는 많은 양의 말뭉치를 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 말뭉치 기반이 아닌 단어의 뜻풀이와 단어의 의미 관계(상위어, 반의어)를 이용하며 기존 Word2Vec의 Skip-Gram을 변형한 자질거울모델을 사용하여 단어를 벡터로 표현하는 방법을 제시한다. 기존 Word2Vec에 비해 적은 데이터로 많은 단어들을 벡터로 표현 가능하였으며 의미적으로 유사한 단어들이 비슷한 벡터를 형성하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 반의어 관계에 있는 두 단어의 벡터가 구분되는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of goth image which have had influence on literature, film, music and art, in modern fashion. The method of this study is to analyze the documentary about gothic and goth, and the fashion magazines since 2000. The results of this study are as follows: First, sensuality shows the excessive exposure of body and inner wear, and emphasizes a resistance of sexual consciousness and a image of independent, active, powerful woman. Second, androgyny shows the goth women wearing a men's cloth and encourages a person to have a perfect being and satisfaction. Third, horror shows the symbol of death and suggests a substance of desire hidden in our mind. Fourth, historicity shows victorian fashion which have a romance of gothic and baroque, not a cult but a modern image. In conclusion, goth image in modern fashion does not show a substance negative and horrorful, but a substance positive as a perfection, satisfaction, a sense of freedom, obliteration of a feeling of uneasiness and powerful woman's image.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.71-74
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• 2004

We present an improved V-BLAST receiver that cancels co-channel interference (CCI), based on reliability normalization over frequency-selective channels, in log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sense. The performance has been evaluated in the exponential decay channel model with various normalized ms delay spread and different filter taps. It is also compared with the ordered successive interference cancellation-decision feedback equalizer (OSIC-DFE). Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed receiver with (2,1) is close to OSIC-DFE with (6,3) at normalized ms delay spread 0.5 symbol periods.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

This study purposed to examine Korean people's white clothes custom historically and to explain the aesthetic consciousness latent in the custom. Korean people preferred white clothes, even up to foreigners called them White-clad folk. Not only as in old historical literatures, but also in Soo-suh, Shin-Dang-suh including Sam-Kuk-Ji in China, white clothes were a real symbol to Korean people, ranging chronically far back to the age of ancient tribal countries, Sam-Kuk Period through Koryo Dynasty and even to modern age near the end of Chosun Dynasty, wearing with pleasure regardless of age, sex or social position. Even King himself in Koryo Dynasty is said to have worn white clothes when he was out of official hours. During the Koryo and Chosun Dynasty, white clothes were sometimes prohibited for various reasons including conflicts with the theories of yin-yang and the five elements but such regulations were not effective. To Korean people, white clothes were ordinary people's everyday dress as well as noble people's plain suits, saints' uniforms with religious meanings, ceremonial costumes, funeral garments, etc. The various uses show that white clothes have been worn by many people. The unique custom that a People have worn white clothes consistently for such a long time may contain very deep symbolic meanings representing the people's sentiments and spirits. The present study understood that the meanings come from religious sacredness, magical wish for brightness, the pursuit of purity originating from the people's national traits, assimilation with nature and the will to attain whole ascetic personality. Aesthetic attitudes based on aesthetic values summed up as sacredness, brightness, purity, assimilation with nature, asceticism, etc. are the aesthetic consciousness pursued by Koreans through their white clothes. For Koreans, white color is the origin of their color sense coming from primitive religions such as worshipping the sun and the heaven. In this way, Korean people's preference for white clothes began with primitive religions, was mixed with various social, cultural and religious influences and finally was settled as their durable spirit, symbol and beauty.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

In the 21th century, the age of image, people express and evaluate with images. Image is a symbol of a person or a thing. It simulates people's visual sense most quickly and precisely and is shared in the society. At the time, since it is acknowledged that there are few books available and lack of theoretical system with regard to image making, the purpose of this study was to get a theoretical access to image making by taking as an empirical case the case of Choi Byeongryeol, a candidate running for the congress in June 4, 1998 and combining it with theories of costume. Research methods employed here were to investigate the theoretical system of image making and fashion direction, and to analyze empirical cases. The boundary of the empirical case was limited to the candidate's fashion direction during the election period for 50 days from April 1998 to the election date June 4, 1998. The results of this study are as follows. First, personal image making aims at the establishment of one's own identity through building up an ideal image. Second, it is found that personal image making can make a complete image possible through fashion direction. Third, it is found that fashion direction functions as a symbol and communicative means with a result that the effect can penetrate to the society accurately and quickly. Fourth, it is found that fashion direction fit for a situation can enhance personal values and reinforce his or her competitive power to carry out the ultimate goals in the society. This study proved that fashion styling for personal image making expresses a person in a symbolic image, enhances his/her personal value in the society and, ultimately, contributes to the establishment of an individual's identity.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2008

The reason that we are familiar with fashion from the 1950s is because of the work such as New Look done by a french fashion designer, Christian Dior who had taken on an almost mythical significance by his name. Moreover, in the sense of popularity, the appearance of Marilyn Monroe and Audrey Hepburn, two typical Hollywood actresses who each has directly-opposed image, is the symbol of youthful America of the 1950s and represents the remarkable start of the American fashion. Still, these days designers and mass medias recall the fashion from the 50s remaking and parodying it to suit public's taste. Being due to the World War II, Europe suffered not only the loss of its national tradition and reputation but also got a fatal blow politically and economically. On the other hand, the United States of America occupied a primary position in the world and outstandingly became the most powerful country. The American fashion of the 1950s represents youth and newness and rejects outdated and outmoded style. In this period, appears the indication which announces previously the youth culture. Poodle skirt is the fashion item that acquired popularity among young american women and girls in the late 1950s. In effect, it is the fashion as American as apple pie. A costly A-line skirt had been transformed into a cheap felt skirt. Instead of a real poodle dog which was carried by French women like an accessory, they embroidered a poodle dog on the lower edge of their skirt. As deriding the snobbish gait, they swayed themselves frantically to the rhythm of Rock n' Roll which swept those days. This was an attitude of young Americans against the existing trend of Europe. Poodle skirt showed the free spirit and intention of young people unbound to custom and established vogue. In addition, in the aspect of comprising the American spirit of independent, pioneer, and subjective American people, it goes beyond the bounds of common concept of fad. Poodle skirt is an unique symbol of the 1950s' American fashion which prognosticates the advent of the United States and the success in modern fashion world which was changing after 1950s.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.101-121
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• 2021

미를 대표하는 아름다움의 상징인 꽃은 인류의 역사를 통해서 미적 대상으로 존재하고 있으며, 조형예술에서도 가장 많이 사용되는 모티브 중의 하나이다. 이렇게 꽃예술은 꽃이라는 주제를 모티브 삼아 형태를 구현하는 예술이다. 꽃은 형태와 색채가 미적으로 조화롭게 인간의 감성을 표현해 주는 매개체 역할을 해주었다. 또한 상징성이 있는 꽃문양은 미적 장식성이 높아 생활용품 뿐만 아니라 미술 분야와 패션분야에 적용되고 있다. 꽃문양은 패턴 중에서 가장 많이 선호하는 문양으로 사계절 관계없이 다채로운 색상과 형태로 변화를 주어 다양하게 활용하기도 하며, 그 상징성과 인간의 심리적 감각을 자극하는데 효과적이므로 다양한 분야의 디자인에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 미를 대표하는 아름다움의 상징이며 예술의 모티브인 꽃의 문양이 전통적으로 우리나라에서도 사용되어 왔으며 현대에 와서도 여전히 패션과 예술에서 많이 사랑받고 있지만 우리나라 고유한 꽃문양을 사용한 브랜드가 좀 더 활발히 활동하기를 바라며 본 연구를 통해 앞으로 우리만의 독특한 꽃문양을 개발하여 이것이 상품화 될 수 있는 근거를 마련하고자 한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2010

인간은 장소와 일체감을 이루고자 하며, 이를 통해 자신의 정체성과 장소의 정체성을 동시에 이루어간다. 인간은 자신들이 속한 문화와 환경에 따라 고유한 관념을 형성하고, 그 관념은 상징을 통해 장소에 표현되는데, 상징은 공간구조와 이를 형태화하는 디테일에 의해 장소에 구체화된 형태를 나타낸다. 본 연구는 이슬람정원을 대표하는 '사자의 중정'을 대상으로 공간구조와 디테일을 비교 검토하여 둘의 상호보완적 관계와 디테일이 장소성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고자 하였다. 양자 간의 비교는 내재하는 상징과 의미, 디자인 언어, 형성배경과 디테일을 통한 장소체험의 측면에서 이루어졌다. 먼저, 공간구조는 차하르바그의 기본형태로 구성되어 코란에서 표현하는 낙원을 상징하였다. 이슬람교, 아랍문화, 스페인 무슬림왕조의 생활양식을 배경으로 공간구조가 형성되어 전통적인 이슬람정원과 크게 다르지 않았다. 디테일은 공간구조를 형태화하는 동시에 낙원, 왕권, 신성, 자연 등을 상징하고, 이슬람교, 스페인 무슬림왕조의 문화, 아랍문화, 안달루시아의 지역성, 무데하르 양식 등을 나타내고 있다. 디테일은 스페인 무슬림왕조의 일상에 생동감과 변화감을 주어 폐쇄적인 궁전생활에 활력을 주며, 안달루시아지역 왕조의 특성을 갖는 사자조각상으로 중정의 중심을 이루어 다른 이슬람정원에서 볼 수 없는 독특한 분위기를 자아내었다. 사자의 중정의 디테일은 오감을 통한 체험의 대상이며, 인간과 장소가 하나가 되도록 해주어 장소성을 형성했음을 알 수 있었다. 사자의 중정의 디테일을 통해 스페인 무슬림왕조의 일상과 이상을 파악할 수 있었고, 그들과 정원이 일체감을 이루었으며, 디테일은 공간구조보다 더 풍부한 의미와 디자인언어를 담고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 디테일은 장소성을 형성하는 중요한 체험적 대상임이 파악되었다.