• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.44-48
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• 2001

In this paper we describe the design of symbol timing and carrier synchronization algorithms for burst receiver. The demodulator consists of digital down converter, matched filter and synchronization circuits. For symbol timing recovery we use modified Gardner algorithm. And we use decision directed method for carrier phase recovery. For the sake of performance analysis, we compare simulation results with the board implemented by FPGA which is APEX20KE series chip for Alter. The performance results show it works quite well up to the condition that a frequency offset equal to 0.1% of symbol rate.

• Archives of design research
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• v.9
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• pp.901-906
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• 1994

Recently, symbol marks have been developing in many ways with different characteristics, which results in the generation of symbol marks design by space perception cue. We examined and discussed the examples which space perception cue is expressed in symbol marks based on Coren's theory regarding space perception cue.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1554-1566
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• 1996

In this paper, a new symbol timing algorithm for a magnetic recording system as HDD, is proposed. Above all, the Lorentzian channel model applied, the distortion and the attenuation problems of playback signals at high speed and storage density were considered. The structure and the operation of popular data detectors for HDD were understood, and the adopted symbol timing algorithm were profoundly analyzed. On the basis of these understanding and analysis, a new symbol timing algorithm for high density HDD was proposed, and the performance evaluation of this proposed algorithm was done.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2007

In this paper, we represent the maximum detection probability formulas of symbol synchronization timing at each received delay signal in multipath channel delay profile in the multiplied correlation and difference type correlated symbol synchronization timing detection method. The computer simulation results show that the correlation symbol timing detection method have maximum detection probability at the lead of received delay signal of highest amplitude, but the difference type of correlation symbol timing detection method always have maximum detection probability at the lead of first received delay signal in the multipath channel models. Using this results, we show the BER characteristics difference between the IEEE802.11a OFDM signals which is obtained in case of the symbol synchronization timing is taken at zero error(perfect) timing position and at -1 sample error symbol timing position from perfect timing position in the multipath channel models regardless the length of channel delay spread.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2011

This study is concerned with the effect of a brand symbol of a family restaurant on brand image, preference, and purchasing intention. With regard to analysis methods, the study carried out a reliability test and a validity test concerning a precedent research concept, ahead of verifying the hypothesis by using the SPSS Ver. 16.0. Also, the study conducted a frequency analysis, technical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis for verifying the hypothesis. As a result of the research, regarding a brand symbol as a visual symbol, three factors including a functional factor, a value factor, and an aesthetic factor were extracted, and of them, the functional factor and an aesthetic factor were discovered to influence of the brand image and preference which affected purchasing intention. In addition, consumers preferred a logo type that includes a company name or a brand name rather than a picture or a mark type of a symbol regarding a brand symbol, and they answered that outdoor advertising would raise awareness more than TV advertising. Based on these results, using a logo type symbol and the mix of outdoor advertising and TV advertising should be considered for brand launch.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.77-86
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• 2007

These days, universities are establishing new image; UI(University Identity) for them because of rapid change of education environment in 21st century, The objective of UI is expressing university's image externally and unifying members internally. In the process of establishing university's image, Symbol mark plays a key role in differentiating other universities because of its visual effect as well as enhancing self-confidence. In this study, I suggest that symbol mark is an important brand asset in point of differentiation and identification and analyze 36 domestic universities' symbol mark designs. In the way of this analysis, I classified these symbol marks in the aspect of shapes and colors and studied current design along with character of each symbol marks by examining usage of emblem. Therefore this paper will be used as a basic reference to understand domestic universities' symbol mark trend and to establishing differentiating strategy in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8A
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• pp.671-678
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• 2005

This paper proposed symbol rate method which does not require a priori knowledge on the symbol rate and simplified modulation identification method to classify BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK signal. In order to estimate the unknown symbol rate, sliding FFT and simple moving average to estimate the spectrum of the signals is utilized, and sliding window and decimation, LPF blcok to estimate the proper symbol rate is used. Although conventional modulation ID method must use SNR value as the test statistics, the receiver cannot estimate the SNR value since the receiver cannot know the modulation type at the start of communication, and bit resolution is high due to using nonlinear function such as log, cosh. Therefore, we proposed the simplified fixed SNR value method. The performance of symbol rate estimation and modulation ID is shown using Monte Carlo computer simulation. This paper show that symbol rate estimation also has good performance in low SNR, and proposed simplified fixed SNR method has almost equivalent performance compared to conventional method.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.55-68
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to study the visual characteristics of domestic national men's wear brand logos. For this purpose, 80 of national men's wear brands were selected from '2010/2011 Korea fashion brand Annual' For analysis, they were classified into three categories: logo types composed only with logomark or symbol and logomark together. Types of symbol were classified into word symbol, descriptive symbol, and abstractive symbol. And the used typefaces were classified into serif and san serif and acromatic and cromatic The results are as follows: The visual characteristics of domestic national men's wear brand logos, there were more brands that used logomark with symbol together than logomark only. And the type of symbols were appeared descriptive symbol(32% ) that meaned the men's power, nobleness and royalty. In domestic national men's wear brands, color of logos were more frequently used acromatic color as black and grey than cromatic color. Among the cromatic colors were more appeared to a kind of blue and green. And the used typefaces were the more frequently used to serif typeface of capital. As a result, the visual characteristics of domestic national men's wear brand logo were that they used the brand logos composed of descriptive logomark with symbol together, black serif typeface the most. From this results, we could find that visual stragety of domestic national men's wear brand logos had the tendency to emphasize the function of conveying information, brand concept that men's wear. The specific and continuous following research in which psychological factor of consumer reflected was requested as a measure to seek brand logo that aid to establish brand power and reinforce brand image.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the shapes and colors of emergency exit symbols, magnetic field warning symbols, and radiation zone symbols used in hospitals for staff and patient safety and their effects on cognitive memory. The hippocampal region's signal intensity(SI) was analyzed using fMRI. The Symbol 2 (1.75±0.54) with a green background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for emergency exits, according to the findings. The black symbol 2 (1.60±0.51) with a yellow background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for the magnetic field warning symbol, followed by the black symbol 1 (1.59±0.65) with an orange background. The black symbol 2 (1.59±0.59) with a yellow background and the black symbol 3 (1.58±0.52) with an orange background had the low signal intensity with slight differences as for the radiation zone symbols. In conclusion, it was determined that the signal intensity of the black symbol with a yellow background was the highest in the magnetic field area and radiation area. This implies that symbols with a high signal intensity (SI) must be utilized intensively. To ensure that the correct meaning of the symbols is communicated in the future, they must also be utilized regularly and continually in disaster safety education.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1151-1152
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• 2009

In this short notice, we prove a new result about the dth power residue symbol of function fields, by modifying the method of W. Kohnen in the paper published in Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 45 (2008), no. 2, 273-275.