• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor derived from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Although it has the highest rate of spontaneous regression, it has a bad prognosis. Recent reports indicate a much improved outcomes utilizing the multitreatment approaches and early diagnosis as a result of patient screening. We have studied 42 patients managed in the last decade at the Severance and Yongdong Severance Hospitals. The patients were followed until January 1998 and analyzed in terms of age, sex, admission period, stage, diagnostic studies, clinical symptoms, physical findings, operative time, treatment modalities, and survival rate. Twenty eight patients underwent operative procedures, 16 patients had postoperative chemotherapy, and 19 patients had preoperative chemotherapy. Sexual difference was 1.33:1 in favor of males, and 43 % of patients were under one year of age. The patients were initially diagnosed as a result of symptoms and signs. An abdominal mass was the most common clinical finding. Eighty six percent of the patients were in advanced stages (>Stage III of INSS). The 2 year survival rate was 59.2 % and the 5 year survival rate was 29.6 %.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to analyze the heath factors for longevity index of survival rate in Korean centenarians, which contribute to longevity. Methods: The subjects of this paper included 996 centenarians in 276 regions of Korea that the data in this study was collected from the National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea in 2005. This paper that proposes indicators as follow: The ratio between the longevity index above 100 years old (100LI) and the survival rate above 65 years old (65SR): 100LISR. The study that examined the longevity factors that between 100LISR and health factors. Results: The results of this study showed that Gyeryong City (23 per 10,000 above 65 years old) included the most of 100LISR in Korea, followed by Cheju Island. The regression showed that significant predictors for longevity (100LISR) were non-drinking, non-smoking, garlic and root vegetable and elderly people are suffering serious health problems, they need caregivers for elderly care (R-Sq(%)=83.9, P=0.001). The correlation showed that significant factors as longevity were Sulfur dioxide (r=-0.677, p=0.004). Conclusion: The implications of this study are that longevity is to be fostered by promoting healthy behaviors of elderly and by inventing various policies to mitigate the environmental pollution.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the partial split-flap technique with a K-incision on vertical guided bone regeneration (vGBR) and to retrospectively analyze the clinical and radiographic outcomes of dental implantation using this approach. Methods: In total, 78 patients who received 104 dental implants with vGBR, categorized as (1) pre-GBR and post-implantation and (2) simultaneous GBR and implantation, were enrolled. Data analysis was based on periapical radiographs, clinical photos, and dental records. The 2-sample t-test was used to compare the 2 surgical procedures. Results: The baseline vertical bone level, augmented bone height (ABH), and treatment duration were significantly higher in the pre-GBR procedure group. The survival rates of the implants were 96.1% and 94.8% in implant- and patient-based analyses, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, high rates of implant failure were found in the presence of ABH of ≥4 mm, smoking, and diabetes. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the partial split-flap technique using a K-incision for vGBR showed stable clinical outcomes and favorable dental implant survival.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2023

Multivariate or clustered failure time data often occur in many medical, epidemiological, and socio-economic studies when survival data are collected from several research centers. If the data are periodically observed as in a longitudinal study, survival times are often subject to various types of interval-censoring, creating multivariate interval-censored data. Then, the event times of interest may be correlated among individuals who come from the same cluster. In this article, we propose a unified linear regression method for analyzing multivariate interval-censored data. We consider a semiparametric multivariate accelerated failure time model as a statistical analysis tool and develop a generalized Buckley-James method to make inferences by imputing interval-censored observations with their conditional mean values. Since the study population consists of several heterogeneous clusters, where the subjects in the same cluster may be related, we propose a generalized estimating equations approach to accommodate potential dependence in clusters. Our simulation results confirm that the proposed estimator is robust to misspecification of working covariance matrix and statistical efficiency can increase when the working covariance structure is close to the truth. The proposed method is applied to the dataset from a diabetic retinopathy study.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.635-649
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• 2006

In this paper, we perform a simulation study of genetic model-free age-of-onset methods in linkage tests which has been proposed by Zhu et al. (1997). They performe. Haseman-Elston regression on a set of bipolar pedigree data using each of three dependent variables: a binary trait indicating disease concordance or discordance, a binary trait adjusted for age-of-onset, and the residuals from a survival analysis. We compare the powers of the proposed test statistics for various situations. Simulations that we have carried out show that the gains in power are observed when the residuals from a survival analysis are used in linkage tests.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2016

In doubly-censored data, an originating event time and a terminating event time are interval-censored. In certain analyses of such data, a researcher might be interested in the elapsed time between the originating and terminating events as well as regression modeling with risk factors. Therefore, in this study, we introduce a model evaluation method to measure the predictive ability of a model based on negative predictive values. We use a semiparametric estimate of the predictive accuracy to provide a simple and flexible method for model evaluation of doubly-censored survival outcomes. Additionally, we used simulation studies and tested data from a prostate cancer trial to illustrate the practical advantages of our approach. We believe that this method could be widely used to build prediction models or nomograms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3145-3149
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• 2014

Gene expression profiling facilitates the understanding of biological characteristics of gliomas. Previous studies mainly used regression/variance analysis without considering various background biological and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression differences between grade III and IV gliomas through partial least squares (PLS) based analysis. The expression data set was from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. PLS based analysis was performed with the R statistical software. A total of 1,378 differentially expressed genes were identified. Survival analysis identified four pathways, including Prion diseases, colorectal cancer, CAMs, and PI3K-Akt signaling, which may be related with the prognosis of the patients. Network analysis identified two hub genes, ELAVL1 and FN1, which have been reported to be related with glioma previously. Our results provide new understanding of glioma pathogenesis and prognosis with the hope to offer theoretical support for future therapeutic studies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2001

In this paper, we consider a simple method for testing the assumption of independent censoring on the basis of a Cox proportional hazards regression model with a time-dependent covariate. This method involves a two-stage sampling in which a random subset of censored observations is selected and followed-up until their true survival times are observed. Lee and Wolfe(1998) proposed an adjusted estimate of the survivor function for the dependent censoring under a proportional hazards alternative. This paper extends their result to obtain a bootstrap confidence interval for the adjusted survivor function under the dependent censoring. The proposed procedure is illustrated with an example of a clinical trial for lung cancer analysed in Lee and Wolfe(1998).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the possibility of treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer with Traditional Korean Medicine based allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (ARVS) following chemoradiotherapy. Methods: A patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (stage IIIB) felt chest discomfort, fatigue, and anxiety after chemoradiotherapy. To prevent recurrence, he opted to receive Traditional Korean Medicine. Results: After treatment with ARVS, the size of the residual primary cancer and a metastatic lymph node decreased, without new cancerous regions. The patient has maintained good performance and has shown prolonged overall survival. Conclusions: This report suggests that ARVS may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy. Further studies will be needed to determine the effect of ARVS on locally-advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8371-8376
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• 2014

Background: The use of statistical methods has become an imperative tool in breast cancer survival data analysis. The purpose of this study was to develop the best statistical probability model using the Bayesian method to predict future survival times for the black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients diagnosed during 1973-2009 in the U.S. Materials and Methods: We used a stratified random sample of black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patient data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression methods. Four advanced types of statistical models, Exponentiated Exponential (EE), Beta Generalized Exponential (BGE), Exponentiated Weibull (EW), and Beta Inverse Weibull (BIW) were utilized for data analysis. The statistical model building criteria, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) were used to measure the goodness of fit tests. Furthermore, we used the Bayesian approach to obtain the predictive survival inferences from the best-fit data based on the exponentiated Weibull model. Results: We identified the highest number of black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients in Michigan and the lowest in Hawaii. The mean (SD), of age at diagnosis (years) was 58.3 (14.43). The mean (SD), of survival time (months) for black non-Hispanic females was 66.8 (30.20). Non-Hispanic blacks had a significantly increased risk of death compared to Black Hispanics (Hazard ratio: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.51-2.54). Compared to other statistical probability models, we found that the exponentiated Weibull model better fits for the survival times. By making use of the Bayesian method predictive inferences for future survival times were obtained. Conclusions: These findings will be of great significance in determining appropriate treatment plans and health-care cost allocation. Furthermore, the same approach should contribute to build future predictive models for any health related diseases.