• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to compare the habitual soft contact lens wear to recommended wearing schedule for subjects and suggest a clinical guideline for prescribing contact lens. Methods: 611 adults (39 men and 572 women) with contact lens experience took part in this study. The survey collected information about current wearing schedule (hours/day and days/week), types of lenses worn and awareness of recommended wear schedule. Results: The subjects wore the daily contact lens for $7.97{\pm}3.60$ hours/day in average. Of these, 247 subjects (40.4%) exceeded the recommended wear schedule and 36 (5.9%) wore for over 15 hours. It turned out that subjects with 3-month extended contact lenses and the ones with the conventional daily wear wore for $9.79{\pm}2.68$ hours and $8.98{\pm}3.30$ hours/day, respectively. For subjects wearing contact lenses longer than five days/week it tended to wear for over 9 hours. Those who were aware of the wear schedule were 293 (48.0%), and those not were 318 (52.0%). 56.7% of subjects who were aware of the wear schedule respected the recommendation whereas only 22.3% of those unaware of it were found to respect it. The possibility to respect the wear schedule was 4.55 times higher when wearers were aware of it. Conclusions: Korean office workers wearing contact lenses wore for $7.97{\pm}3.60$ hours/day. 247 (40.4%) of subjects wore contact lens longer than recommended wear schedule. This implies that it will need to educate contact lens wearer about recommended wear schedule and advice for the long time wearer.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2002

Purpose : There is no scientific basis for an immunization policy for children with renal disease who have increased risk of infection in Korea. As an initial step in approaching this problem, this survey of pediatric nephrologists was undertaken to determine the current recommendations of practicing pediatric nephrologists Methods : Questionnaires were sent to the members of Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology via mail and E-mail. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about the immunization practice of basic vaccination schedule for nephrotic syndrome, the side effects after vaccination and the immunization practice about recommended vaccines for children with renal disease. Results : Questionnaires were sent to 56 pediatric nephrologists. 35 replies were received (response rate: 62.5%). Almost of the respondents (82.8%) reported practicing at university hospital. All respondents reported modified vaccination schedule. 65.7% of the respondents immunized nephrotic children with live vaccines some time later after discontinuation of corticosteroids treatment and 57.1% of respondents immunized them with killed vaccines during medication of low doses of corticosteroids. Respondents experienced relapse of nephrotic syndrome after vaccination are nine, lack of vaccine efficacy are three and infection by organisms of live vaccines are two. 71.4% of respondents reported vaccinating children with renal disease for hepatitis B, pneumococcus and influenza during medication of low doses of corticosteroids. But There is few difference of the rates of respondents vaccinating them for Hemophilus influenzae type b between during medication of low doses of corticosteroids and after discontinuation of corticosteroids treatment (45.7% us 42.9%). Almost of respondents reported vaccinating renal failure children without immunosuppression for hepatitis B, pneumococcus, influenza and H. influenzae type b ($54.3{\sim}77.1%$). Conclusion : Pediatric nephrologists practiced modifying vaccination schedules for children with renal disease in Korea and there was variation according to the progression of disease and the doses of corticosteroids. It is necessary to establish the immunization guideline for children with renal disease through the prospective studies.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2006

Objectives: In recently. the management and protection on individual information in patient's medical & nursing records have been very important, and that need a guideline. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of using the patient's nursing records of nursing students in clinical practice, to find and discuss the patient's informed consent, and status of education and management concerned to patient's nursing records. Methods: This study used a mailing survey. data collected from September 24th to October 31th in 2002. The subject were 333 professors who are major in adult nursing, pediatric nursing, psychological nursing of 111 university of nursing department and nursing college. And then we received the survey mail from 103 professors that respondent rate was 30.9%. Results: The characteristics of study subjects showed 49.0% of university. 51.0% of college of nursing. 50.0% of the subjects practiced point the patient by oral approval in clinical practice. But when the decision of the patient was very difficult, 21.6% of the subjects take to informed consent from his or her families. During the clinical practice, 49.0% of the subjects were explain to patient about clinical practice and contents of the nursing student, only 7.8% of the subjects were explain to patient with nursing records. 52.0% of the subjects were took out records from the hospital, only 17.6% of the subjects had standard of the patient's informed consent and standard of handling practice records. 17.6%-92.2% of the subjects that educate and manage concern to patient's nursing records.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.61-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to evaluate concretely how the 7th Technology Home Economics(HE) curriculum was operated In school fields by using context evaluation, input evaluation using the CIPP model focusing HE. In this research. a questionnaire survey was done targeting HE teachers in charge of technology and home economics subject for the 7th curriculum implementation at 250 randomly selected middle schools in Gpoungsangnamdo, and 109 returned questionnaire papers were used for the final analysis. The frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation of these data were obtained by using the SPSS 10.0 for Windows Program. The results of this research were outlined below: First, with a regard to the context evaluation (evaluating educational contexts), the requirement degree of seeking for career appeared to be the highest at the requirement survey of the education goal and character of HE area, and the requirement degree of elevating understanding home living' were very low. Interest and concern of students towards these subject as well as the self-confidence of HE teachers in charge were low. Second, as for the input evaluation (evaluating education plans), time allocation, content level, and content amount were not regarded to be not proper, and the composition of HE educational curriculums and the class guideline of teachers also were not so faithful from the aspect of school level. Among surveyed items, establishing plans in school level towards evaluation was relatively sincere, but discussions about curriculums were not so faithful, suggesting various kinds of content are not fully discussed. As shown by the results above, it is difficult to say that the operation of the 7th HE educational curriculums has secured its position perfectly. It is necessary to examine systematically the educational goals. character of the 7th HE educational curriculum and the appropriateness of curriculum content, and to seek various methods to elevate the self confidence of teachers and the interests of students. Because how to operate national level educational curriculums in school levels with self-regulation and elasticity will be an important variable in realizing educational goals, teachers, the main body of educational curriculums and direct performers, should establish and perform educational plans in school levels to elevated the satisfaction of teachers and educational effects for normally operating educational curriculums. In addition, educational curriculums should be operated and evaluated mainly by teachers at school fields to make it possible to confirm and check the achievement of the goals of educational curriculums qualitatively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.179-192
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• 2019

This study was performed to analyze the contents of food intake in middle school Home Economics textbook and the trends of food intake of middle school students in Korea to figure out the education direction of food intake. The contents of food intake were analyzed in major three kinds of middle school Home Economics textbook according to 2015 curriculum and the trends of food and nutrient intake were analyzed in 2,543 subjects aged 13 to 15 years using 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey by logistic regression analysis or Pearson correlation coefficient. As a result, contents of food intake of textbook included food source of nutrient, food group name, necessity of eating diverse foods, recommended daily eating frequency of food group and menu planning according to meal composition guideline, however food intake trends were not included. Consumption of grains and grain products was increased until 2007 to 2010 year and was decreased after 2011 year(p=0.0012). Sugars and sweets, beverages and alcohols, and fish and shellfish consumption were increased during 2007~2015 year(p<0.0001). Carbohydrate, fat, vitamin A, thiamin and iron intakes were increased(p=0.0052), and energy ratio by carbohydrate was decreased(p=0.0009) and energy ratio by fat was increased(p<0.0001) during 2007~2015 year. Mean ratios of nutrient intake compared to the dietary reference intakes for Koreans were very low in dietary fiber(19-27%) and calcium(46-56%), but was higher in sodium(221-289%)(p<0.0001) regardless of year. There was a significant positive correlation between most food group intakes except sugars and sweets, bean and bean products, nuts and seeds, seaweeds, and beverages and alcohols and energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, riboflavin, calcium and iron intakes(p=0.0375). In the above, during the period from 2007 to 2015 year, intakes of sugars and sweets, beverages and alcohols, and fish and shellfish were increased, and intakes of dietary fiber and calcium were low and energy ratio by fat was increased, thus these trends are concerned to threaten nutritional balance and health of subjects. Therefore, Home Economics textbook of middle school needs to include food intake trends of adolescents with basic concepts to help them maintain balanced diet in the rapid change of food intake patterns for maintaining optimal nutrition and health.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the avifauna and to suggest the management discipline for the protection of bird community in Odaesan National Park. Field survey was carried over 2 main trails by line transect method from mid June to early December in 1996. The 1st section included the area from Woljongas to Sangwonsa 7km distance. The 2nd section survey started from Sangwonsa via Bukdaesa and the summit of Odaesan to Sangwonsa 9.8 km distance. The study results were as follows ; The observed birds belonged to 9 orders 22families 52species, they also had Black Woodpecker(Dryocopus martius)designated as natural monument No. 242, Chinese Sparrow Hawk(Accipiter soloensis) and Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus) as natural munumet No. 323, Scops Owl(Out scops)and Korean Wood Owl(Strix aluco) as No. 324. These birds also were classified into 25 species for residents, 16 species for summer visitors, 8 species for passage migrants, 3 species for winter visitors, respectionely. The 2nd section showed a high species richness and individuals in every season, however, had a difference in species composition with 1st section. Nesting guild of breeding bird community used highly in order of bush, hole, and canopy as a nest resources. It is suggested that high bush-nesting guild had a deep relationship with bush layer located in the ecotone of 1st section and that located in the high elevated zone in 2nd section. Hole-nesting guild such as Black Woodpecker(Dryocopus martius), Gray-headed Woodpecker(Picus canus) and Great Spotted Woodpecker(Dendrocopos major) were surveyed only in 2nd section, so it could be attribute to the small fragmentation and the growing of high diameter at breast height(D.B.H) tree in 2nd section. It is urgent that the management of camping ground and people for the conservation of brook in 1nd section, trail protection for the prevention from trail enlargement in 2nd section for the bird protection. Artificial food in snowy winter will provide the good breeding condition with the residents and migrants. And, the endeavor to lessen the habitat fragmentation will be beneficial to the birds who have a large home range such as Black Woodpecker(Dryocopus martius) and Korean Wood Owl(Strix aluco). For the control of Domestic Dove(Columba livia) populations, it could be recommended that the elimination of their nesting resources by net.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

There's a trend towards vitalization of nightscape planning businesses nationally and locally as well for city image making and activation of regional economy, but there is still no systematic nightscape planning going on for lack of relevant researches and objective evaluations. This study aims to suggest the guideline for nightscape planning by conducting an eye tracking experiment and survey for recognizing the characteristics of a nightscape. Furthermore, the authors intended to verify the eye-tracking method as a tool for landscape evaluation. The research site was restricted in the campus of Virginia Tech, VA, and those were selected by experts' survey among various types of nightscape images. The variables for analyzing the characteristics of nightscape images selected were 'preference', 'safety(fear)' and 'clearness'. 'Fixation duration', 'saccade duration', 'scan path length', and 'pupil size' were selected as the eye movement measurements. The results of this study are as follows: The first outcome found was that there were significant differences among the characteristics(preference, safety and clearness) of a nightscape by MANOVA, and these variables were correlated positively by Pearson's correlation. Secondly, there were differences on fixation duration, saccade duration and scan path depending on the nightscape setting statistically. Also, the eye tracking measurement in an open setting was recorded lower than enclosed settings. In the result of a heat map, we found the meaning of the fixated areas on both viewing without intention and viewing intentionally. It turned out that the fixated areas were consistent with the areas the subjects felt preferred and clarity in all of the nightscape images, which means people usually focus on what they prefer and see clearly in a certain nightscape. Based on this result and previous studies, the authors could make a conclusion that eye tracking method can apply to evaluate nightscape settings in terms of analyzing the whole characteristics and finding specific points for the detailed analysis as well. Therefore, these results can contribute by suggesting nightscape planning, implication of the landscape evaluation, and implication of the eye tracking study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.227-241
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between caffeine intake and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults using the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (KNHANES). Methods: The caffeine database (DB) developed by Food and Drug Safety Assessment Agency in 2014 was used to estimate the caffeine consumption. The food and beverage consumption of the 24 hr recall data of 2013 ~ 2016 KNHANES were matched to items in the caffeine DB and the daily caffeine intakes of the individuals were calculated. The sample was limited to non-pregnant healthy adults aged 19 years and older, who were not taking any medication for disease treatment. Results: The average daily caffeine intake was 41.97 mg, and the daily intake of caffeine of 97% of the participants was from coffee, teas, soft drinks, and other beverages. Multivariate analysis showed that the caffeine intake did not affect metabolic syndrome, hypertension, low HDL-cholesterol, and abdominal obesity. Diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, however, were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63 ~ 0.93), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77 ~ 0.98) in third quintile (Q3), and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53 ~ 0.82) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.94) in fourth quintile (Q4) compared to Q1, respectively. Therefore, caffeine intake of 3.66 ~ 45.81 mg per day is related to a lower risk of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The study showed that adequate caffeine intake (approximately 45 mg) was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, it can be used as a guideline for the adequate level of caffeine intake for maintaining health.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2021

Representative domestic start-up support organizations include the Business Incubator(BI), Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development(KISED), Techno Park(TP), and Center of Creative Economy Innovation(CCEI), and there are about 260 Business incubator nationwide. The Business incubator is operated by universities, research institutes, and private foundations or associations. The organization consists of the center director and the incubating professionals (hereinafter referred to as "manager"), etc., and performs tasks such as center operation management and incubation support services for tenant companies. Until now, research on the operation of Business Incubator has been mainly focused on the performance of tenant companies. Studies on whether the manager's competency characteristics directly or indirectly affect the performance of the tenant companies through psychological mediators such as self-efficacy and organizational commitment were very scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore various factors influencing organizational commitment and job performance by the competence characteristics of Business incubator managers, and to explain the causal relationship among those factors. In particular, the difference in perception was investigated by a manager's survey that influences organizational commitment and work performance at the Business incubator. Through this, we intend to present practical implications for the role of managers in the operation of Business incubators. This study is an exploratory study, and the subject of the study was a survey of about 600 managers working at Business incubator nationwide, of which 116 responses were analyzed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability. Structural equation model analysis was performed for hypothesis tests. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the cognitive characteristics of the Business incubator manager, communication, and situational response as the behavioral characteristics had a positive effect on the manager's self-efficacy, and the behavioral characteristics had a greater effect on the self-efficacy. It was also found that the manager's cognitive and behavioral characteristics, and self-efficacy had a positive effect on organizational commitment and work performance. In particular, a manager's self-efficacy has a positive effect on organizational commitment and work performance. This result showed that the manager's competency characteristics increase the manager's self-efficacy as a mediating factor rather than directly affecting organizational commitment and work performance. This study explains that the manager's competency characteristics are transferred to organizational commitment and work performance. The results of the study are expected to reflect the job standard of the National Competency Standards (NCS) and basic vocational competency to the job competency of managers, and it also provides a guideline for the effective business incubator operation in terms of human resource management. In practice, it is expected that the results of the study can reflect the vocational basic skills of the Business Incubator manager's job competency in the National Competency Standards(NCS) section, and suggest directions for the operation of the Business Incubator and the manager's education and training.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2022

Background: Because the etiologies of bronchiectasis and related diseases vary significantly among different regions and ethnicities, this study aimed to develop a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used to develop expert consensus statements on a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis in South Korea. Initial statements proposed by a core panel, based on international bronchiectasis guidelines, were discussed in an online meeting and two email surveys by a panel of experts (≥70% agreement). Results: The study involved 21 expert participants, and 30 statements regarding a diagnostic bundle for bronchiectasis were classified as recommended, conditional, or not recommended. The consensus statements of the expert panel were as follows: A standardized diagnostic bundle is useful in clinical practice; diagnostic tests for specific diseases, including immunodeficiency and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, are necessary when clinically suspected; initial diagnostic tests, including sputum microbiology and spirometry, are essential in all patients with bronchiectasis, and patients suspected with rare causes such as primary ciliary dyskinesia should be referred to specialized centers. Conclusion: Based on this Delphi survey, expert consensus statements were generated including specific diagnostic, laboratory, microbiological, and pulmonary function tests required to manage patients with bronchiectasis in South Korea.