• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.991-999
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• 2004

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an efficient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with artificial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of polymers, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, eyes as well as provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven types of actuator modules such as eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is sufficient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and happiness. Each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol fur the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an emotion recognition method using the facial images and speech signals. Six basic emotions including happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear and dislike are investigated. Facia] expression recognition is performed by using the multi-resolution analysis based on the discrete wavelet. Here, we obtain the feature vectors through the ICA(Independent Component Analysis). On the other hand, the emotion recognition from the speech signal method has a structure of performing the recognition algorithm independently for each wavelet subband and the final recognition is obtained from the multi-decision making scheme. After merging the facial and speech emotion recognition results, we obtained better performance than previous ones.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3E
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• pp.85-90
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• 2004

This paper presents two kinds of new approaches, one of which is concerned with recognition of emotional speech such as anger, happiness, normal, sadness, or surprise. The other is concerned with emotion recognition in speech. For the proposed speech recognition system handling human speech with emotional states, total nine kinds of prosodic features were first extracted and then given to prosodic identifier. In evaluation, the recognition results on emotional speech showed that the rates using proposed method increased more greatly than the existing speech recognizer. For recognition of emotion, on the other hands, four kinds of prosodic parameters such as pitch, energy, and their derivatives were proposed, that were then trained by discrete duration continuous hidden Markov models(DDCHMM) for recognition. In this approach, the emotional models were adapted by specific speaker's speech, using maximum a posteriori(MAP) estimation. In evaluation, the recognition results on emotional states showed that the rates on the vocal emotions gradually increased with an increase of adaptation sample number.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.40.1-40.1
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• 2010

We present the ultraviolet (UV) properties of early type galaxies (ETGs) in clusters. We obtained a cluster catalogue from Yoon et al.(2008) based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) DR5 in the redshift range of 0.05 < z <0.10. After matching sample galaxies in clusters with Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) GR5, we have classified the morphologies of ETGs by UV-optical colour distributions and investigated them in terms of the ranks in magnitude in a cluster and in clustocentric distance. It has recently been suggested theoretically that brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) show a strong UV upturn than non-BCGs, but we find that the difference between them is not significant. Moreover, to our surprise, it appears that density (environment) does not play any significant role to the UV properties. consequent of internal galaxy processes rather than that of environmental processes.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.754-759
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed the Bi-Modal Sensor Fusion Algorithm which is the emotional recognition method that be able to classify 4 emotions (Happy, Sad, Angry, Surprise) by using facial image and speech signal together. We extract the feature vectors from speech signal using acoustic feature without language feature and classify emotional pattern using Neural-Network. We also make the feature selection of mouth, eyes and eyebrows from facial image. and extracted feature vectors that apply to Principal Component Analysis(PCA) remakes low dimension feature vector. So we proposed method to fused into result value of emotion recognition by using facial image and speech.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-76
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• 2007

Kriging is a nonparametric regression method used in geostatistics for estimating curves and surfaces for spatial data. It may come as a surprise that the Kriging estimator, normally derived as the best linear unbiased estimator, is also the solution of a particular variational problem. Thus, Kriging estimators can also be interpreted as generalized smoothing splines where the roughness penalty is determined by the covariance function of a spatial process. We build off the early work by Silverman (1982, 1984) and the analysis by Cox (1983, 1984), Messer (1991), Messer and Goldstein (1993) and others and develop an equivalent kernel interpretation of geostatistical estimators. Given this connection we show how a given covariance function influences the bias and variance of the Kriging estimate as well as the mean squared prediction error. Some specific asymptotic results are given in one dimension for Matern covariances that have as their limit cubic smoothing splines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.331-336
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• 2011

When the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident occurred in March, a hydrogen explosion in the reactor building at the 4th unit of Fukushima plants lead to a big surprise because the full core of the unit 4 reactor had been moved and stored underwater at the spent nuclear fuel storage pool for periodic maintenance. It was because the potential criticality in the fuel storage pool by coolant loss may yield more severe situation than the similar accident happened inside the reactor vessel. In the paper, the safety state of the spent fuel storage pool and rack structures of the domestic nuclear plants would be reviewed and compared with the Fukushima plant case by engineering viewpoint of potential severe accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.547-549
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 Roget 범주 시스템과 Plutchik의 기본정서 구조를 서로 비교하였다. 이를 위해서 우선, 8가지 기본정서(Joy, Acceptance, fear, Surprise, Sadness, Disgust, Anger Anticipation) 각각을 Roget 범주에 대응시켰다. 대응한 Roget 범주 간의 참조정보 거리를 토대로 두 구조의 유사성을 가늠하였다. 실험결과, 기본정서에 대응하는 Roget 범주 거리 편차가 일정한 양상을 보이지 않았다(네 개의 정서차원 중에서 두 차원이 Roget 범주구조와 호응함). 본 논문의 실험 결과를 이용하연 Roget 범주와 기본정서 분류를 상호 보완할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 개연규칙과 Plot Unit에서 사건과 상태의 선호도를 세분화 하는데 이용하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.14-22
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• 2005

This study analyzed the remodeling cases of 53 public primary schools located in Seoul to grasp the trends and set the direction in remodeling public primary schools. As a result of the analysis, before the sixth Education Process major remodeling of schools was focused on increasing the number of classrooms and after the sixth Education Process public space was increased. According to development of education, frequency of remodeling is increased. But myopic remodeling works were not a surprise. It means the schools simply focused on increasing space. Therefore, the study aims to set the direction for a comprehensive and systemic remodeling plan which will serve as an opportunity to not only improve physical life of schools but also extend functional life and enhance the quality of educational environment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.34.3-34.3
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• 2009

We have investigated the recent star formation history of the nearby galaxies using the SDSS optical and Galex UV data. To everyone's surprise, we found that roughly 30 percent of elliptical galaxies had a residual star formation in the last billion years, suggesting that residual star formation has been common even in ellipticals. Galaxy evolution models based on semi-analytic prescriptions including AGN feedback reasonably reproduce the star formation properties of elliptical galaxies. However, we found that the current galaxy models miserably fail to reproduce the star formation properties of satellite disc galaxies in cluster environments. Satellite disc galaxies in models are overly star-formation quenched in comparison to observation. Detailed investigations led us to conclude that this is due to the use of inaccurate prescriptions for the gas content evolution in the model. I present a solution to the problem by adopting more realistic physical prescriptions.