• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.579-583
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• 2023

In human fetuses, the left hepatic artery (LHA) issues the marginal artery that runs along the umbilical vein and, sometimes, reaches the umbilicus. The further observation demonstrated that, in 5 of 12 Japanese midterm fetuses (crown-rump length mm: 46, 50, 54, 59, 102), the marginal artery issued not only a thin umbilical branch but also a liver parenchymal branch that took a posterosuperior recurrent course in a peritoneal fold and supplied the anterior surface of the liver left lobe (segment III). However, in 22 Spanish fetuses of which gestational ages corresponded to the Japanese ones, we did not find the parenchymal branch. Therefore, between human populations, there seemed to be a considerable difference in the incidence as to whether or not the marginal artery issues the liver parenchymal branch. The parenchymal branch might be degenerated at the later stages due to friction between the liver free surface and growing diaphragm.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2016

This is the first study to deal in-depth with the achene ultra-structure of the genus Launaea Cass. in Egypt. It focuses on 12 taxa belonging to 10 species of this genus. The achene wall anatomy and surface sculpturing of those taxa were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Important aspects of the investigated taxa based on the achene characters as well as SEM micrographs of the achene surface and anatomical sections are given. Main and secondary costa of the inner achenes are used for easy differentiation between L. intybacea and L. massauensis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 1986

The anatomy of the renal papilla and pelvis of the bat(Pipistrellus abramus abramus Temminck) and their ultrastructure of the epithelium has been studied by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The bats were captured at Ondal cave located in Yangchun-Myun, Tanyang-Kun, Chungchongpuk-Do, Korea in the active(July) and hibernating(January) phases. A conical renal papilla with several papillary foramina at the apex was curved toward the ureter. At the margin of the funnel-shaped renal pelvis, the fornix extended deeply into the kidney parenchyme was formed between the outer zone of the medulla and the cortex. The epithelium of the papilla covered the inner zone of the medulla. The epithelium of the fornix medially overlayed the outer zone of the medulla, and laterally the cortex. The surface epithelium of the papilla was simple columnar in shape with the scanty organelles and the short microvilli on their luminal surface. The fornix was Jined with $1{\sim}2$ cell layered squamous epithelium. On the medial surface of the fornix, two types of the superficial epithelial cells were identified; one had numerous short microvilli and the other had the microplicae and plaques on their luminal surface. The lateral surface of the fornix lined with the epithelial cells showed microridges and plaques on the luminal surface. The epithelial cells on the medial and lateral surfaces of the fornix were similar to their internal ultrastructures. The pelvic epithelium was a typical transitional type, which was composed of a layer of basal cells, one or two layers of intermediate cells, and a layer of superficial(facet) cells. The fusiform vesicles were observed in the cytoplasm of the intermediate and facet cells. There were no noticeable morphological changes in the epithelium of the papilla, fornix and pelvis except the medial epithelium of the fornix in the hibernating cycle. The microvillar cells were more numerous in the hibernating phase than in the active phase. The morphology, of the renal papilla and fornix of bats, indicates that a functional relationship may exist between the pelvic urine and the renal parenchyme.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4363-4365
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• 2016

Background: The complex anatomy of the pancreaticobiliary duct was crucial in management of pancreatic and biliary tract disease. Materials and Methods: Fresh specimens of pancreas, common bile duct (CBD), and duodenum were obtained en bloc from autopsies of 160 patients. Results: Ninety-three male and 67 female patients were included. The length of the pancreas ranged from 9.8-20 cm (mean, 16.20 +/- 1.70 cm). The intrapancreatic portion of the CBD showed patterns of three types: most common (85.30%) was type A, in which the anterior surface of the common bile duct was totally covered, while its posterior surface was partially covered, by the pancreatic parenchyma. On dissection of the accessory duct of Santorini, the accessory duct was traceable to the duodenal wall in 67.6%. The anatomy of the Wirsung-choledochus confluence was grouped into five different types. The common channel was found in 75.60% and its length varied from just a common junction (so-called "V-type" anatomy) to 15 mm (Y-type-b). Separate papillae (so-called "II-type") were found in 15.3% of specimens. Conclusions: Several important points regarding the anatomy of the pancreaticobiliary junction and pancreatic ductal system were illustrated in this study.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.575-578
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• 2023

Anterior cerebral arteries are paired and supply the major portion of the medial surface of the brain. They are branches of the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery and form the anterior portion of the circle of Willis (CW) which is situated in the interpeduncular fossa. During routine dissection in the department of anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, a rare variation had been observed in the CW, azygos anterior cerebral artery associated with hypoplastic A1 fragment of the right anterior cerebral artery in a 63-year-old female cadaver. It is important to identify and study this kind of rare variation for surgeons, anatomists, and radiologists during dissection, surgical, radiological, and diagnostic interventions.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.393-393
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• 2010

The biocompatibility of materials used for biomedical applications depends on chemical composition, mechanical stiffness, surface energy, and roughness. The plasma treatment and etching process is a very important technology in the biomedical fields due to possibility of controlling the surface chemistry and properties of materials. In this work, $N_2/H_2$ plasma were treated on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) paper and characterization of treated SWCNTs paper was carried out. Also we investigated neurite outgrowth from SH-SY5Y on treated SWCNTs paper. The results indicated that $N_2/H_2$ plasma-modified SWCNTs paper enhanced neuronal cell adhesion, viability, neurite outgrowth and branching in vitro and exerted a positive role on the health of neural cells.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국현미경학회 2004년도 제35차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.50-52
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• 2004

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

피부는 인체에서 가장 큰 조직으로 가장 바깥쪽에 존재하며 다양한 기능을 수행한다. 항상성 유지를 위한 체온조절, 외부 이물질 등에 대한 보호작용, 그리고 촉각이나 통각 및 온도를 느끼는 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 피부는 손톱, 발톱, 털, 땀샘 등의 다양한 부속기관을 가지고 있으며 나이, 성별, 생활환경 등에 의해 다양한 특징을 보이게 된다. 특히 손발의 주름과 같은 미세지형은 피부의 부위에 따라 다양한 형태를 지니며 성별에 따른 차이도 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 한국인 건강한 청년의 피부미세지형에 관한 연구는 아직 진행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국인 청년을 대상으로 아래팔 앞쪽, 손등 그리고 가운데 손가락 첫째 마디 등쪽의 피부미세지형을 분석하고 성별 및 위치에 따른 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 실리콘을 이용하여 측정하고자 하는 피부 위치의 모사판을 획득하였으며 획득된 시료는 주름의 빈도, 폭, 깊이 등을 측정하기 위하여 얇게 세절하여 실체현미경으로 촬영 하였으며 성별간 차이와 성별 내 위치간 차이에 대해 측정 및 분석하였다. 남성과 여성에서 주름 빈도의 경우 손등과 아래팔 앞쪽은 여성이, 손가락은 남성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며 동일 성별의 경우 남녀 모두 손가락의 경우에 주름의 빈도가 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 상기 연구에 의한 결과는 건강한 젊은 남녀 한국인 피부 미세지형 자료로 추후 진행될 피부와 관련된 다양한 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2013

Lung fluke, Paragonimus heterotremus, is a flatworm causing pulmonary paragonimiasis in cats, dogs, and humans in Southeast Asia. We examined the ultrastructure of the testis of adult P. heterotremus with special attention to spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The full sequence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, from the capsular basal lamina to the luminal surface, was demonstrated. The sequence comprises spermatogonia, spermatocytes with obvious nuclear synaptonemal complexes, spermatids, and eventual spermatozoa. Moreover, full steps of spermatid differentiation were shown which consisted of 1) early stage, 2) differentiation stage representing the flagella, intercentriolar body, basal body, striated rootlets, and electron dense nucleus of thread-like lamellar configuration, and 3) growing spermatid flagella. Detailed ultrastructure of 2 different types of spermatozoa was also shown in this study.