• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2006

Effects of cheonggukjang on immunohistochemical reactions in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rats were investigated. $CD4^+/CD8^+$ immunoreactive cells of cheonggukjang-fed diet groups were more strongly stained in lamina propria of mucosa and submucosa than those of basal diet group. Universal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive density in colon was mildly stained in surface epithelium and mucous secretory gland, and strongly stained in submucosa and myenteric plexus in muscle layers of all cheonggukjang-fed diet groups. Protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ immunoreactive cells in colons of 15 and 25% cheonggukjang-fed diet groups were more strongly stained in mucosa, submucosa, and muscle layers than those of basal diet group. These results indicate mucosal immune activity, gastrointestinal motility, blood circulation, and physiological activities of enteroendocrine cells in GI tract could be increased with cheonggukjang intake.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 2013

This review was described to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound as an image tool for interventions of lumbar spine. This article will first provide an overview of lumbosacral spine surface anatomy and sonoanatomy. A detailed understanding of anatomy is critical for interpretation of ultrasound and procedural performance at spine. Fluoroscopy is most commonly used in interventional spine procedures, but radiation exposure is the major concern when obtaining fluoroscopic images. Ultrasound is radiation-free, is easy to use, and can provide real-time images with high accuracy. Also this device can be used in virtually any clinical setting. Ultrasound guidance offers a reliable alternative to fluoroscopy or computed tomography for lumbar interventions and can be safely performed without radiation exposure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Variation in the morphology of gingival papilla may be determined by the shape and position of anatomic crown as well as contact area and embrasure form of individual teeth. However, periodontal biotype classification is regarded to be subjective because of the lack of definite criteria. In this study, we defined the objective parameters which constitute the periodontal biotype and measured their relationship. Materials and Methods: 109 of dental casts were prepared using three dimensional scanner and specialized reconstruction software, then acquiredvirtual models were sent to the 20 professional dentists to define the specific periodontal biotypes. Several parameters around periodontal structures were measured from the virtual models; facial surface area of the anterior tooth (AT), anterior papillary area (AP), proportion of the dento-papillary complex, clinical papillary length (PL), and clinical papillary angle (PA). Statistical analysis was performed to confirm the relationship among parameters. Results: Coincidence rate of periodontal biotype within observers was $63.77{\pm}16.05%$. Coincidence rate between observers was $76.15{\pm}16.43%$. Among the parameters measured, PL showed the most positive correlations and PA presented the most negative correlations. The parameter of the AP and PL of six maxillary anterior teeth showed significant correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Anterior papillary area and clinical papillary length would be objective parameters for determining the consistent periodontal biotypes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.744-757
• /
• 1995

Implantation of demineralized bone matrices was done into the amputated pulp in vivo and sequential reaction of the pulpal ectomesenchymal cells was observed. The bone matrices, obtained from cat long bone were crushed into below $700{\mu}m$, demineralized with 0.5N HCl and allografted into pulp of molar teeth. At seven days after implantation many undifferentiated mesenchymal cells aggregated near the matrices in the pulpal tissue. At fourteen days after implantation, the cells differentiated into preosteoblast-like cells which have secretory cell characteristics. At one or two months after implantation osteoid tissue was formed. The cells, which are located at the surface of the tissue, contained abundant dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The matrix of the tissue has less collagen fibers than those in normal dentin. These results suggest that the interaction of pulpal mesenchymal cells with demineralized bone matrix can be a model which induces mineralization.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.323-326
• /
• 2011

While the presence of pinworm eggs in archaeological samples has been reported by many researchers in the New World, those have been detected very scarcely in the Old World, especially in East Asian countries. In fact, many parasite species were recovered from the archeological remains in Korea, eggs of Enterobius vermicularis had not been found. Recently, a female mummy buried in the 17th century was discovered in the Joseon tomb from Dangjin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. After rehydration process for 12 days, investigations were carried on the luminal surface of the colon. From them, 3 eggs of E. vermicularis were recovered. They were elliptical, transparent with a thin egg shell, $50.3{\pm}5.2\;{\mu}m$ (length) and $28.2{\pm}3.9\;{\mu}m$ (width) in size. This is the first discovery of E. vermicularis eggs in East Asia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2015

This case report presents surgical endodontic management outcomes of maxillary incisors that were infected via the lateral canals. Two cases are presented in which endodontically-treated maxillary central incisors had sustained lateral canal infections. A surgical endodontic treatment was performed on both teeth. Flap elevation revealed vertical bone destruction along the root surface and infected lateral canals, and microscopy revealed that the lateral canals were the origin of the lesions. After the infected lateral canals were surgically managed, both teeth were asymptomatic and labial fistulas were resolved. There were no clinical or radiographic signs of surgical endodontic management failure at follow-up visits. This case report highlights the clinical significance and surgical endodontic management of infected lateral canal of maxillary incisor. It is important to be aware of root canal anatomy variability in maxillary incisors. Maxillary central incisors infected via the lateral canal can be successfully managed by surgical endodontic treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyse Hand Greater Yang Skin in human. Methods: Hand Greater Yang meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver. And subsequently body among superficial fascia and muscular layer were dissected in order to observe internal structures. Results : A depth of Skin encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established Skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as compass. The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang in human are as follows: The skin close to 0.1chon ulnad of $5^{th}$ nail angle, ulnad base of $5^{th}$ phalanx, ulnad head of $5^{th}$ metacapus(relevant muscle: abductor digiti minimi muscle), ulnad of hamate, tip of ulnar styloid process(extensor carpi ulnaris tendon), radiad of ulnar styloid process, 2cm below midpoint between Sohae and Yanggok(extensor carpi ulnaris), between medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulnar(ulnar nerve), The skin close to deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, platysma muscle, inner muscles such as teres major muscle, infraspinatus muscle, supraspinatus muscle, levator scapulae muscle, splenius cervicis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, zygomaticus major muscle, auricularis anterior muscle. Conclusions: The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or muscles involved in the pathway of Hand Greater Yang meridian, collateral meridian, meridian muscle, with the condition that we consider adjacent skins.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.154-164
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Measurement of the root surface area (RSA) is important in periodontal treatment and for the evaluation of periodontal disease as a risk factor for systemic disease. The aim of this study was to measure the RSA at 6 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using the Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Methods: We obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 33 patients who had visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of Dankook University Dental Hospital. The patients comprised 17 men and 16 women aged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 24.4 years. Only morphologically intact teeth were included in our data. Because the third molars of the maxilla and mandible have a high deformation rate and were absent in some participants, they were not included in our research material. Results: The CBCT data were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) teeth models using the Mimics software, and the RSA at 6 mm below the CEJ was separated and measured using 3-Matic (Materialise). In total, 924 3D teeth models were created, and the area at 6 mm below the CEJ could be isolated in all the models. The area at 6 mm below the CEJ was measured in all teeth from the 33 patients and compared based on sex and position (maxilla vs. mandible). Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that it was feasible to generate 3D data and to evaluate RSA values using CBCT and the Mimics software. These results provide deeper insights into the relationship between periodontal inflammatory burden and systemic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2014

Leaf anatomical study of Pinus thunbergii collected from 12 different coastal regions of Korea was conducted to understand the adaptive variation on leaf traits. Basic anatomical features are typical pine needle type with fibrous epidermis, 2-3 layered hypodermis, sunken stomata, monomorphic mesophyll, and well-represented bundle sheath. The bundle sheath surrounds a couple of vascular bundle separated by parenchyma bands. On the basis of their position, the resin ducts are of three types; external, medial and internal of the bundle sheath. The total number of resin ducts in all samples varies from 4 to 12. The stomata were found on stomatal bands throughout the leaf surface. Important dissimilarities observed on P. thunburgii leaf are the number and position of resin ducts and the number of stomata rows in leaf surface.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2004

In the present study, we exarnined anti-allergic effect of SGBHB in cultured B cells. B cells were prepared from isolated murine splenocytes and activated by co-treatment of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody and recombinant IL-4 allergens. Anti-allergic effects of SGBHB in activated B cells were determined by measuring B cell surface activated molecules (CD23+ and CD11a+), and expression levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, IgE, and HRF. The major findings are summarized as follows. 1. SGBHB treatment did not produce significant cytotoxic effects on mouse lung fibroblast cells. 2. SGBHB produced significant inhibitory effect on the expression of B cell surface activated molecules (CD23+ and CD11a) in activated B cells. 3. SGBHB treatment significantly inhibited expression levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ mRNAs in activated B cells.IL-6 protein levels were significantly decreased by $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of SGBHB treatrrient, and TNF-$\alpha$ protein levels were decreased compared to the control group, but statistically insignificant. 4. SGBHB treatment significantly increased IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels in activated B cells. 5. SGBHB treatment significantly inhibited levels of IgE production. Thus, the present data suggest that SGBHB has an anti-allergic effect on activated B cells by controlling irnmune responses, and further implicates the possibility on clinical application as a therapeutic agent.