• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

Vietnam is a developing country with the rate around 5%-6% per year, especially in urban areas. Rapidly developed urban areas lead to stress for infrastructure and the water supply is also stressed. In Hanoi city, total water capacity from the manufactories is around one million cubic meters per day and almost the entire main water source is groundwater but it is not enough to supply all of Hanoi's people, especially in the summer. A demo project is implemented in Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE) to produce drinking water by using the rainwater and membrane system and supply for people. In this project, rainwater is collected on the rooftop of the lecture building with an area of around $500m^2$ and $100m^3$ volumetric rainwater tanks. Afterwards, the rainwater is treated by the micro-membrane system and supplied to the tap water. Total cost for construction, technology and operation in the first year is around USD 48,558. In the long-term (15 yr) if HUCE invests in the same system, with $20m^3$ volumetric storage tank, it can provide drinking water for 500 staffs in every year. The cost of investment and operation for this system is lower than 30% compared to buying bottled water with the price USD 1.8/bottle. The drinking water parameters after treatment are pH, 7.3-7.75; turbidity, 0.6-0.8 NUT; total dissolved solids, 60-89 mg/L; coliform, 0; heavy metal similar with water quality in the bottle water in Vietnam.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

우리나라 상수도 기반시설 설비에 관련된 기존의 인증평가는 경제적 측면과 내구성 등 물리적 측면에 초점을 맞추어 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 경제수준이 상승하면서 상수도에 대한 위생, 보건, 안전성, 삶의 질에 대한 국민의식이 향상됨에 따라 상수도 서비스의 위생보건학적 품질향상이 요구되고 있다. 지난 5년간 국내 497개 정수장의 수질분석 자료를 고찰한 결과 pH는 5.8~8.5의 범위로 나타났다. 하지만, 현재 우리나라 수도용 자재 및 제품의 위생안전기준 공정시험방법(위생안전시험법)은 pH 7.0에서만 평가하고 있어, 실제 상수도 pH 조건에서 관내 중금속용출에 대한 기초정보가 부족하다. 이러한 배경으로 본 연구에서는 국내에서 대표적으로 사용되는 관에 대하여 pH변화가 중금속용출에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 분석연구하였다. 본 연구 결과, pH가 낮아질수록 일부 금속의 용출정도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 pH 5.8일 경우, 구리재질의 관에서 Cu가 보정계수(Normalization Factor) 적용 후에도 위생안전기준을 상회하였다. 스테인레스 재질의 관에서는 Cr, Cu가, 구리재질의 이음관에서는 Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn이, 아연재질의 이음관에서는 Zn이 기준치를 각각 상회하였으나 보정계수를 적용하면 기준치를 만족하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 현행 위생안전시험법에서 pH조건을 7.0 이외의 낮은 pH 조건을 포함하는 개정의 필요성이 제안되었다. 추후 상수도관으로 사용되는 다른 종류의 관에 대한 추가 연구의 필요성도 제시되었다. 본 연구는 차후 우리나라 위생안전기준의 개정연구에 필요한 기초자료 제시에 기여를 하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

This study is to analyze the affecting factors to the peak factor in the drinking water supply Facilities. The peak factor is a very important element to determine the capacity of the water supply facllities. Several factors such as Population served, average day water demand, ratio of domestic water use, ratio of affairs & business water use and water use per capital per day were selected as the affecting factors in this study. In this study, peak factor characteristics for Korean facilities were compared with those for Japanese ones. As a result, non-exceedance probability was suggested as the designing method for the peak factor. Also, the 50% non-exceedance probability values and the 90% values based on the 1998-1999 data were suggested in this study.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2012

Agricultural water reservoirs upstream of the intake on the basis of the intaking water volume is being made. Therefore, the supply capacity of reservoirs are not considered when the water balance analysis, storm water reservoirs are based on agriculture and further secured by the reservoir water is not used to using natural river water analysis. To overcome these problems can supply reservoirs are available to permit analysis of how much the quantity of water balance analysis, it should be reflected in the line to help. In this study, the natural daily flow data and apply the dimensions of the reservoir, and for more than 30 years of the long-term water balance analysis conducted by Date Youngsan river basin can supply reservoirs are large quantity of permits available is presented.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

During the past decades in South Korea, there have been several projects to reduce water demand and save water for paddy irrigation system by automation. This is called as intensive water management system by telemetering of paddy ponding depth and canal water level and telecontrol of water supply facilities. This study suggests a method of constructing topology-based irrigation network system using GIS tools. For the network modeling, a typical agricultural watershed included reservoirs, irrigation and drainage canals, pumping stations was selected. ArcHydro tools composed of edge, junction, waterbody and watershed were used to construct hydro-network. ArcHydro Model was then designed and the network was successfully built using the HydroID. Visualization using ArcHydro tools could display table property of each object. ArcHydro Model was linked to Agricultural Water Demamd and Supply Estimation System (AWDS) which developed by Korea Rural Community and Agriculture Corporation (KRC) to extract information of the study area. And menu of supply facilities information, demand analysis and supply analysis constructed for information acquisition and visualization of acquired informations.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

Although the Hazen-Williams C factors are very important in the design, operation, and maintenance of water supply pipes, sufficient studies for them have been not reported in korea, which are based on experiments or measured data. Because of this, we have estimated C factors by measurement considering constraints in time precise safety diagnosis for multi-regional water supply system were performed. In this study, we confirmed constraints and variables characteristics of Hazen-Williams equation, and collected reliable C factors data of 174 by measurement, and analyzed their characteristics. According to collected data, the average value is 115.35, which is almost equal to the value of design standard or a little higher than it in korea. Also, among the equations suggested to determine C factor in the past, the C factors calculated by Sharp and Walski equation was closest to them in this study. In addition, to analyze collected C factors, use year and pipe diameter having high correlation with them were respectively divided into there categories. Analysis results showed that C factors evidently decreases depending on increases in use year, on the other hand, size of pipe diameter is proportional to value of them. In conclusion, this research showing evaluation and characteristics for C factors based on measured data will be used as practical reference in determining C factor in multi-regional water supply systems at a later date.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2014

In order to determine the best operating rules for the Nakdong River, three cases were applied to analyze the simulated results of water supply capacity by HEC-ResSim model. This study discussed to present the best operating rules for conjunctive operating of existing the dams and new constructed the weirs through system network. The system network was constructed considering the water supply, the river environment and the operating facility. The water supply capacities are separately evaluated for each case applying the best rules. It is case1 that the dams are operated individually, case2 that the dams are operated in conjunction with the others dams, and case3 that dams and weirs are operated in conjunction with the others dams-weirs. Comparing the cases, case 3 has shown the best water supply capacity of the Nakdong River.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.559-572
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate pretreatment methods for 27 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in various sewage samples using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and online solid-phase extraction with LC-MS/MS. Extraction efficiencies of PPCPs in the solid phase under different experimental conditions were evaluated, showing that the highest recoveries were obtained with the addition of sodium sulfate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate in acidified conditions. The recoveries of target compounds ranged from 91 to 117.2% for liquid samples and from 61.3 to 137.2% for solid samples, with a good precision. The methods under development were applied to sewage samples collected in two sewage treatment plants (STPs) to determine PPCPs in liquid and solid phases. Out of 27 PPCPs, more than 19 compounds were detected in liquid samples (i.e., influent and effluent) of two STPs, with concentration ranges of LOQ-33,152 ng/L in influents and LOQ-4,523 ng/L in effluents, respectively. In addition, some PPCPs such as acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and ofloxacin were detected at high concentrations in activated sludge as well as in excess sludge. This methodology was successfully applied to sewage samples for the determination of the target compounds in STPs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2023

Pan-Enterovirus (Pan-EV) infects millions of children and infants worldwide every year. As severe infections have recently been reported, the need for monitoring has consequently intensified. Pan-EV is a categorical name for waterborne enteroviruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family, and includes a wide range of pathogens including Coxsackievirus (CoxV), Echovirus (EcoV) and Enterovirus (EV). In this study, we proposed an optimal RT-nested PCR method for diagnosis of various types of Pan-EV in an aquatic environment and developed a positive control. Considering detection sensitivity, specific reaction, and final identification, one condition capable of amplifying 478 bp among the four candidates in the 1^st round PCR (RT-PCR) and one condition in the 2^nd round PCR (nested PCR) were selected. Through the detection of nucleic acids extracted from 123 groundwater samples and the detection sensitivity test based on artificial spiking in the sample, the methods are optimal for non-disinfected water samples such as groundwater. We developed a positive control for Pan-EV detection that can be amplified to different sizes under the two conditions. Accuracy could be further improved by testing for contamination from the control group. The method proposed in this study and the positive control developed are expected to be used in monitoring Pan-EV in aquatic environments including groundwater through future research using more samples.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 공급 우선순위에 따른 물수급 분석 결과의 비교를 위해 국내 수자원장기종합계획에서 활용한 K-WEAP (Korea-Water Evaluation And Planing System) 모형과 MODSIM (Modified SIMYLD) 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기존의 수자원장기종합계획은 수요처의 공급 우선순위를 모두 동일하게 공급하는 것으로 가정하여 분석하였으며 K-WEAP은 최대충족률을 만족시키기 위한 비율 배분을 수행하는 반면 MODSIM은 물 공급 우선순위의 적용이 필수적인 것으로 분석되었다. 먼저 우선순위에 따른 한강 유역의 물수급 분석 결과, 평균 1,035 천 $m^3$의 물부족이 감소하였으며 이는 생 공용수의 배분량이 증가하면서 회귀수량이 증가하고, 수자원의 재이용이 많아지기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 우선순위를 적용한 K-WEAP과 MODSIM의 분석결과를 비교할 경우, 상대오차 최대 5.3%이내, 결정계수($R^2$)는 0.9999로 매우 유사한 물 부족이 발생하였다. 또한 두 모형 모두 합리적인 물 부족 분석 결과를 제공한다면, 모형의 구축과 데이터 처리에 해당하는 GUI 편의성은 K-WEAP이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 구동시간의 효율성은 MODSIM이 더 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 K-WEAP모형 뿐만 아니라 MODSIM 모형을 활용한 다양한 시나리오에 따른 분석을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.