• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.304-318
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• 2014

It is necessary for a retailer to improve responsiveness to uncertain customer demand in product sales. In order to solve this problem, this paper discusses an optimal operation for a 2-stage-ordering-production system consisting of a retailer and a manufacturer. First, based on the demand information estimated at first order time $t_1$, the retailer determines the optimal initial order quantity $Q^*_1$, the optimal advertising cost $a^*_1$ and the optimal retail price $p^*_1$ of a single product at $t_1$, and then the manufacturer produces $Q^*_1$. Next, the retailer updates the demand information at second order time $t_2$. If the retailer finds that $Q^*_1$ dissatisfies the demand indicated by the demand information updated at $t_2$, the retailer determines the optimal second order quantity $Q^*_2$ under $Q^*_1$ and adjusts optimally the advertising cost and the retail price to $a^*_2$ and $p^*_2$ at $t_2$. Here, decision-making approaches for two situations are made-a decentralized supply chain (DSC) whose objective is to maximize the retailer's profit and an integrated supply chain (ISC) whose objective is to maximize the whole system's profit. In the numerical analysis, the results of the optimal decisions under DSC are compared with those under ISC. In addition, supply chain coordination is discussed to adjust the unit wholesale price at each order time as Nash Bargaining solutions.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2022

공급망 공격은 주요기반시설을 타겟하여 피해 규모가 크고 공공 안전 및 국가안보를 위협하는 요소로 진화하고 있다. 이에 사이버안보 전략 및 정책 수립 시 공급망 위험관리를 명시하여 보안성을 제고하고 있으며, 2021년 미(美) 바이든 행정부가 발표한 국가 사이버안보 강화를 위한 행정명령에서는 소프트웨어 공급망 보안 강화를 위한 지침 중 일부로 SBOM을 언급하였다. 정부 차원에서 SBOM을 의무화하여 공급망 보안 검증 도구로 활용한다면, 향후 국내 조달체계에도 영향을 받을 수 있으며 정책 시행 경과에 따라 국내 공급망 보안 체계 수립 시에도 참고 가능할 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 공급망 보안 강화 방안으로써 SBOM 정책을 추진 중인 국가를 선정하여 관련 사례를 중점으로 분석하였다. 또한, 국외 SBOM 정책 동향의 비교·분석을 통하여 국내 SBOM 도입 시 기술, 정책, 법률측면에서의 활용 방안을 고찰하였다. 향후 공급망 무결성·투명성 검증 도구로 SBOM의 활용 가치가 기대되는바 SBOM에 대한 국제적 표준화 정립 및 정책 개발에 관한 지속적인 동향 파악과 표준 형식 개발 연구가 요구된다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2004

Over the years, most or many companies have focused their attention to the effectiveness and efficiency of their business units. As a new way of doing business, these companies have begun to realize the strategic importance of planning, controlling, and designing their own supply chain system. This paper analyzes the coordination issues in supply chains that consist of one manufacturer and multiple retailers operating under uncertain end customer demand and delivery lead-time. We use the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the appropriate ordering and inventory level at which the manufacturer and multiple retailers can maximize the profit of the chain. This is performed under three controlling policies: the traditionally centralized controlling policy under the manufacturer's perspective, the entire chain’s perspective, and lastly the coordinating controlling policy with an incentive scheme. The outcome from the study reveals that the coordinating controlling policy with an incentive scheme can outperform the traditional centralized controlling policies by creating a win-win situation in which all members of the chain benefit from higher profit, thus resulting in more willingness from all members to join the chain.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2004년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.636-647
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• 2004

The objective of this paper is to provide an improved reorder decision policy for general multi-echelon distribution systems utilizing the shared stock information. It has been known that traditional reorder policies sometimes show poor performance in distribution systems. Thus, in our previous research we introduced the order risk policy which utilizes the shared stock information more accurately for the 2-echelon distribution system and proved the optimality. However, since the real world supply chain is generally composed with more than 2 echelons, we extend the order risk policy for the general multi-echelon systems. Since the calculation of the exact order risk value for general multi-echelon systems is very complex, we provide two approximation methods for the real-time calculation. Through the computational experiment comparing the order risk policy with the existing policies under various conditions, we show the performance of the order risk policy and analyze the value of the shared stock information varying with the characteristics of the supply chain.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

With a steep increase of the global disaster relief efforts around the world, the relief supply chain and humanitarian logistics play an important role to address this issue. A broad overview of operations research ranges from a principle or conceptual framework to analytical methodology and case study applied in this field. In this paper, we provide an overview of this challenging research area with emphasis on the corresponding optimization problems. The scope of this study begins with classification by the stage of the disaster lifecycle system. The characteristics of each optimization problem for the disaster supply chain are considered in detail as well as the logistics features. We found that the papers related to disaster relief can be grouped in three aspects in terms of logistics attributes: facility location, distribution model, and inventory model. Furthermore, the literature also analyzes objectives and solution algorithms proposed in each optimization model in order to discover insights, research gaps and findings. Finally, we offer future research directions based on our findings from the investigation of literature review.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.159-165
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• 2003

The objective of this paper is to provide an improved reorder decision policy for general multi-echelon distribution systems utilizing the shared stock information. Since it has been known that traditional reorder policies sometimes show poor performance in distribution systems, in our previous research we introduced the order risk policy which utilizes the shared stock information more accurately f3r the 2-echelon distribution system and proved the optimality. However, since the real world supply chain is generally composed with more than 2 echelons, we extend the order risk policy for the general multi-echelon systems. Since the calculation of the exact order risk value fur general multi-echelon systems is very complex, we provide two approximation methods. Through the computational experiment comparing the order risk policy with the existing policies under various conditions, we show the performance of the order risk policy and analyze the value of the shared stock information varying with the characteristics of the supply chain.

• 산업공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.359-374
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• 2004

The objective of this paper is to provide an improved reorder decision policy for general multi-echelon distribution systems utilizing the shared stock information. It has been known that traditional reorder policies sometimes show poor performance in distribution systems. Thus, in our previous research we introduced the order risk policy which utilizes the shared stock information more accurately for the 2- echelon distribution system and proved the optimality. However, since the real world supply chain is generally composed with more than 2 echelons, we extend the order risk policy for the general multi-echelon systems. Since the calculation of the exact order risk value for general multi-echelon systems is very complex, we provide two approximation methods for the real-time calculation. Through the computational experiment comparing the order risk policy with the existing policies under various conditions, we show the performance of the order risk policy and analyze the value of the shared stock information varying with the characteristics of the supply chain.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

In this paper, the impact of various system parameters such as the parameters of actual demand process, the review periods and the lead times, under each combination of inventory policies and information sharing, on the long run average inventory cost per period incurred at each participant in a supply chain, is considered. For this purpose, numerical studies are conducted, from which some valuable information as to how sensitive our long run average inventory cost per period are as the model parameters change is gleaned, from which, in turn, some managerial insights are gleaned in order for industry practitioners to perform better in supply chain management.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2014

This paper is to analyze the cycle time of the vendor in a single-vendor multi-buyers supply chain. The vendor is the manufacturer and the buyers are the retailers. The cycle time of the vendor is the elapse time from the beginning time of the production to the beginning time of the next production. The cycle time of the vendor that minimizes the total cost in a supply chain is analyzed. The cost factors are the production setup cost and the inventory holding cost of the vendor, the ordering cost and the inventory holding cost of the retailers. The cycle times of the vendor obtained with the costs of the vendor is compared with those obtained with the costs of the vendor and the retailers. Various numerical examples are tested if the cycle times of the vendor for both methods are the same.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2002

This paper proposes a case study to treat planning and scheduling in factory of supply chain. In fact, the planning and the scheduling of a factory are not easily solved because of constraints of facility resources, material requirements, allowed planning times, and so on. However many packages are developed by vendors in Advanced Planning and Scheduling(APS) aspects to solve these problems. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze problems of an electronic company and apply the tool, Factory Planner(FP), to solve problems. The FP, which was developed by if technologies, is very popular planning and scheduling tool in the world. Also, the tool is successfully applied to many fields.