• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

Background A variety of island flaps can be based on the superficial temporal artery with variable tissue composition. They can be used for defect reconstruction, cavity resurfacing, facial hair restoration, or contracture release. Methods Seventy-two patients underwent facial reconstruction using a superficial temporal artery island flap from October 2010 to October 2014. The defects had various etiologies, including trauma, burns, tumors, exposed hardware, and congenital causes. We classified the patients by indication into 5 groups: cavity resurfacing, contracture release, facial hair restoration, skin coverage, and combined. The demographic data of the patients, defect characteristics, operative procedures, postoperative results, and complications were retrospectively documented. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 54 months. Results A total of 24 females and 48 males were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was $33.7{\pm}15.6years$. The flaps were used for contracture release in 13 cases, cavity resurfacing in 10 cases, skin coverage in 17 cases, facial hair restoration in 19 cases, and combined defects in 13 cases. No major complications were reported. Conclusions Based on our experiences with the use of superficial temporal artery island flaps, we have developed a detailed approach for the optimal management of patients with composite facial defects. The aim of this article is to provide the reader with a systematic algorithm to use for such patients.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

본 BAF 반응기 연구에서의 C/N비의 증가는 산소의 친화도가 큰 호기성 종속영양 미생물에게 유리한 조건을 형성하여 질산화의 효율을 감소시켰으나 공기양의 증가로 인해 질산화 미생물의 활성도는 다시 증가하였다. 총 질소의 제거율은 동일한 C/N비에서 공기량을 증가하여 많은 양의 암모니아성 질소가 질산성 질소로 산화될 때 증가하였으며 이 결과는 무산소조에서 많은 다공성의 여재에 미생물이 두꺼운 생물막을 형성하여 생물막 안쪽으로 용존산소가 쉽게 전달되지 않아 탈질에 큰 영향을 미치지 않은 결과라고 볼 수 있다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

Background: When using the anterior approach for performing superficial parotidectomy, the first thing to do is to find the buccal branch of the facial nerve and the parotid duct. The buccal branch usually runs transversely with the parotid duct from the anterior border of the parotid gland. We wanted to check the relationship between the two structures during the operation and to get clinically helpful information. Methods: Twelve patients with parotid mass were treated with superficial parotidectomy between May 2012 and August 2012. The outline of superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland, parotid duct, and the buccal branch of the facial nerve were drawn on the transparent film by tracing the structures intraoperatively. Results: In 7 (58.3%) of 12 cases, the buccal branch of the facial nerve was located more caudally than the parotid duct at the anterior border of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. In 3 cases (25%), the buccal branch was located more cephalically than the parotid duct. The mean distance between two structures were $2.54{\pm}1.48$ mm. In 11 cases, the parotid duct was located deeper than the buccal branch. Conclusion: The buccal branch of the facial nerve tends to be located more caudally than parotid duct and runs more superficially than parotid duct in all cases. We identified the relationship between the parotid duct and the buccal branch of the facial nerve during the operations on living subjects, not from the cadavers, so it would be a clinically helpful study which supplied more accurate anatomical information.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.438-440
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• 2010

A lipoma is a benign tumor of matured adipose tissue that usually occurs at the shoulder, back, and abdomen. 13% of lipomas occur in the head and neck area. However, the incidence of lipoma in the parotid gland is very low, approximately 2.5%. A conservational surgical excision is recommended in cases of lipoma of the parotid gland, with only 1-2% of lipomas recurring. We report a case of a lipoma in the parotid gland that was removed by conservational surgical excision. The lesion was exposed by the pre-auricular approach and the tissue was detached. After the parotid gland envelop was exposed, a yellowish mass is observed that was easy to remove due to capsulation. Most authors recommend a surgical excision of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland as the treatment for a lipoma in the parotid gland. However, enucleation only may be a sufficient treatment when a lipoma occurs in the superficial lobe or around the parotid gland. A patidectomy is not needed when a lipoma is located at the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, and a conservational surgical excision is suitable. Therefore, a clinical diagnosis is important for reducing the damage to the facial nerve.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2001

Introduction : We report advantages of distally based superficial sural artery flap in the soft tissue defect in lower leg, ankle and foot. They are easier and less complicated technique than others. Material & Method : Total 26 patients were operated and their soft tissue defect site were 10 cases of anterior tibial surface, 6 cases of Achilles tendon area, 3 cases of lateral and medial surface of tibia, 3 cases of foot dorsum surface, 3 cases of sole, 1 case of medial aspect of ankle. Average pedicle distance was 12.8 cm(range $8{\sim}21cm$) and follow up period was mean 18 months. Result : We obtained 24 cases of excellent and good results. The two cases were reported low complication rate, which were one case of skin necrosis covered full thickness skin graft, and the other case of infection. Conclusion : The advantage of distally based superficial sural artery flap in soft tissue defect are long distant pedicle, short operation time, easy elevation of pedicle, constant and reliable blood supply and good cosmetic result with thin-thickness flap.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.702-708
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• 2014

Background Lower abdominal soft tissue transfer is the standard procedure for breast reconstruction. However, abdominal wall weakness and herniation commonly occur postoperatively at the donor site. To reduce the morbidities of the donor site, the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap was introduced, but inconsistent anatomy of the SIEA has reduced its utility. In the present study, the anatomy of the superficial inferior epigastric vessels in Korean women was determined with regards to breast reconstructive surgery. Methods The vascular anatomies of the SIEA and superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) were evaluated on 32 breast cancer patients receiving free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap reconstruction after mastectomy. The existence, pulsation, location, external diameter, and depth of the SIEA and SIEV were measured at the lower abdominal incision level. Results SIEA and SIEV were present in 48/64 (75.00%) and 63/64 (98.44%) hemi-abdomens, respectively. Pulsation of the SIEA was found in 44/48 (91.67%) cases. The mean locations of SIEA and SIEV were +5.79 (${\pm}12.87$) mm, and -8.14 (${\pm}15.24$) mm from the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and symphysis pubis, respectively. The mean external diameters of SIEA and SIEV were 1.20 (${\pm}0.39$) mm and 1.37 (${\pm}0.33$) mm, and they were found at a mean depth of 9.75 (${\pm}2.67$) mm and 8.33 (${\pm}2.65$) mm, respectively. Conclusions The SIEA was absent in 25% of Korean women and had a relatively small caliber. Therefore, careful preoperative assessment of the lower abdominal vasculature is required to achieve successful breast reconstruction using SIEA flaps.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2015

Lat. abdominal wall hematoma with active bleeding is very rare but need prompt bleeding control. We report successful treatment by angiographic embolization of superficial circumflex iliac artery rupture caused by blunt trauma. A 60-year-old woman presented painful, enlarging, lat. abdominal wall mass with ecchymosis caused by blunt abdominal trauma. Contrast leakage of superficial circumflex iliac a. within the lt. ext. oblique m. hematoma was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography. Angiographic embolization was performed successfully. Patient was discharged at 4th day after trauma without complication. Angiographic embolization is important treatment option of lat. abdominal wall hematoma with active bleeding replacing emergency surgery.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.599-606
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• 1995

포말 분리관에 단백질 용액을 일정하게 공급하여 분리 실험을 수행하며 초기 단백질 농도, 공탑 공기유속, 온도와 pH 등의 영향에 따른 포말 분리관의 단백질 분리특성을 연구한 결과, 액본체 단백질의 약 65% 이상이 약 10min이내에 제거되는 효과적인 분리특성을 나타내어 포말분리법은 양어장 순환수중의 주된 유기성분인 단백질을 분리하기 위한 매우 효과적인 방법이었다. 액본체 중의 단백질의 초기농도가 증가함에 따라 단백질 제거속도는 일정 농도 이하의 조건에서는 직선적으로 증가하다가 일정한 값을 유지하여 단백질 제거속도는 Langmuir 흡착형태를 나타내었으며, 제거속도는 공탑 공기유속에 대해서는 직선 관계를 보였다. 본 실험조건 범위 내에서는 단백질 제거에 있어 온도 및 pH의 영향은 그다지 크지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 실험결과를 검토한 결과 이론식은 타당하였다

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2011

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm that was first described in 1972. EMC occurs in the older age group, there is a female predilection and mainly involves the parotid gland. Most authors recommend superficial parotidectomy as a treatment for low-grade malignant tumor in the superficial lobe of parotid gland. The treatment of epithelial-myoepithelial tumors typically includes surgical excision aimed at achieving a R0 resection. This paper reports a case of EMC of the parotid gland treated only by a conservational surgical excision. The lesion was exposed by the retromandibular approach and detached. After the parotid gland envelop was exposed, the mass was observed and was easy to remove due to capsulation. The preoperative diagnosis was a pleomorphic adenoma on the left parotid gland. The tumor was removed surgically with a conservative extracapsular dissection. The postoperative diagnosis was EMC, so superficial parotidectomy or radiation therapy was considered. Nevertheless, the patient was observed and no additional treatment was attempted because the patient was old and a successfully excision of the tumor had been achieved.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2014

Objective : The amygdala has been considered to be a critical region in the pathophysiology of social anxiety disorder, but subregional connectivity pattern has not been examined yet despite lots of previous functional neuroimaging studies. Methods : Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was obtained in 19 patients with social anxiety disorder and 20 normal controls, and default mode functional connectivity with each of basolateral, centromedial and superficial areas of the amygdala was measured and compared between the two groups. Results : Differential amygdala-based networks between the two groups were distributed to all over the brain. In particular, however, a bias on the amygdala-cingulate pathway was observed in the superficial amygdala only. Connectivity strengths between the superficial amygdala and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex were correlated with scores of social interaction and avoidance. Conclusion : Our findings provide new insights into understanding of the intrinsic cognitive bias model of social anxiety disorder. An abnormality in superficial amygdala-anterior cingulate connectivity may influence on cognitive processing of socially-relevant information in social anxiety disorder.