• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.1383-1392
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we proposed a method to automatically determine the optimal radius through multi-scale LBP operation generalizing the size of radius variation and boosting learning in facial emotion recognition. When we looked at the distribution of features vectors, the most common was $LBP_{8.1}$ of 31% and sum of $LBP_{8.1}$ and $LBP_{8.2}$ was 57.5%, $LBP_{8.3}$, $LBP_{8.4}$, and $LBP_{8.5}$ were respectively 18.5%, 12.0%, and 12.0%. It was found that the patterns of relatively greater radius express characteristics of face well. In case of normal and anger, $LBP_{8.1}$ and $LBP_{8.2}$ were mainly distributed. The distribution of $LBP_{8.3}$ is greater than or equal to the that of $LBP_{8.1}$ in laugh and surprise. It was found that the radius greater than 1 or 2 was useful for a specific emotion recognition. The facial expression recognition rate of proposed multi-scale LBP method was 97.5%. This showed the superiority of proposed method and it was confirmed through various experiments.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.177-191
• /
• 1982

The study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards of Hellman dental age III B, IV A, IV C groups of the age of puberty and to aid for the case analysis and diagnosis of malocclusion. A roentgenocephalometric study was made from 365 subjects, that consist of 162 males, 203 females with normal occlusion, acceptable profile and no history of orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. The tables of standards from the measurements by age, sex group were made. 2. All linear measurements of skeletal pattern in male were greater than in females. 3. The Bjork's sum was reduced gradually by aging in group I $396^{\circ}$, group II $395^{\circ}$, and group III $393^{\circ}$. 4. Posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 63% in group I, 64% group II, and 67% in group III. 5. The angulation of SNA and SNB were $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group I, $81^{\circ}$ & $78^{\circ}$ in group II, and $82^{\circ}$ & $79^{\circ}$ in group III.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.278-289
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify the elderly in long-term care facilities using the Resource Utilization Group(RUG-III) and to examine the feasibility of a payment method based on the RUG-III classification system in Korea. Method: This study measured resident characteristics using a Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set(RAI-MDS) and staff time. Data was collected from 530 elderly residents over sixty, residing in long-term care facilities. Resource use for individual patients was measured by a wage-weighted sum of staff time and the total time spent with the patient by nurses, aides, and physiotherapists. Result: The subjects were classified into 4 groups out of 7 major groups. The group of Clinically Complex was the largest (46.3%), and then Reduced Physical Function(27.2%), Behavior Problems (17.0%), and Impaired Cognition (9.4%) followed. Homogeneity of the RUG-III groups was examined by total coefficient of variation of resource use. The results showed homogeneity of resource use within RUG-III groups. Also, the difference in resource use among RUG major groups was statistically significant (p<0.001), and it also showed a hierarchy pattern as resource use increases in the same RUG group with an increase of severity levels(ADL). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the RUG-Ill classification system differentiates resources provided to elderly in long-term care facilities in Korea.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.81-104
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to suggest the directions for the landscape protection of Sindu-ri coastal dune based on its ecological system. The study investigated ecological systems of the coastal dune followed by damage causes of coastal dune according to the land use change, and landscape value of coastal dune in the study area. In order to construct causal-effect feedback loop, systems thinking was performed. Result of this study showed that the area of coastal dune and the amount of sand are maintained by the interaction with sand beach while they are affected by wind direction, wind speed, and dune plants. It was also found that the changes of land use pattern, increasing commercial area, and planted windbreak forest damaged to the coastal dune. In addition, size of coastal dune and growing number of dune plants increased landscape value of coastal dune and tourist draw. However increasing tourists have constantly affected land use changes and have damaged to coastal dune area. In sum, planning for land use regulation, rest-year system areas, promotion and education for coastal dune, dune plants protection, and windbreak management should be taken into account for landscape protection in coastal dune.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2011

Beamforming techniques have been successfully utilized for traffic channels in order to solve the interference problem. However, their use for control channels has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a (semi-) centralized beamforming strategy that adaptively changes beam patterns and controls the total transmit power of cells is proposed for the performance enhancement of the common channel in hierarchical cell structure (HCS) networks. In addition, some examples of its practical implementation with low complexity are presented for two-tier HCS networks consisting of macro and pico cells. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated through multi-cell system-level simulations under optimistic and pessimistic interference scenarios. The cumulative distribution function of user geometry or channel quality has been used as a performance metric since in the case of common control channel the number of outage users is more important than the sum rate. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme provides a significant gain compared to the random beamforming scheme as well as conventional systems that do not use the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed scheme can be applied simultaneously to several adjacent macro and pico cells even if it is designed primarily for the pico cell within macro cells.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2000

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis for 29 populations (n=543) of the wrinkled frog, Rana rugosa, from Korea and Japan was peformed to assess the degree of genic variation and genetic diversity, and to understand the biogeographic pattern of distribution and speciation. A sum of 22 presumptive loci was screened from 17 enzymes and general proteins. Four loci, Aco, Est-3, Me-2, and Pgm, demonstrated high levels of polymorphism. The degree of average genetic variation of R. rugosa was P=22.7% (9.1-40.9%), Ho=0.086 (0.048-0.165) and He=0.090 (0.042-0.168). In the south-eastern region of the Korean peninsula (Chongsong, Yongchon, Ulsan, Kyongju, Pohang, yongdok and Ulchin), a few unique alleles in the Mpi locus were detected and their biogeographic implications were considered. The degree of genetic differentiation among the Korean populations was moderate (S=0.900), whereas the degree of genetic diversity between Korean and Japanese populations was notably high (S=0.687, D=0.293). This result corresponds with the data obtained by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (Lee et al., 1999) suggesting that the Korean and Japanese R. rugosa might have evolved a specific level of genetic differentiation since their geographic isolation.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.112-126
• /
• 1970

This paper deals with cytogenetical and cytochemical studies of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), the funa (Carassius carassius) and their hybrids. When kept under a confined condition, the carp and the funa mate andcan produce hybrids. Reciprocal crosses are also possible with similar results. The hybrids grow regularly with no observed abnormalities in the course of their development. They rank intermediate between the parent species in several characters. The hybrid males are completely sterile, while a hybrid female laid eggs in backcrossing. The spermatogenetic activity in hybrid testes is greatly disturbed. The chromosomes as observed in spermatogonial devision of hybrids are 100 in number, being the total sum of the haploid numbers of the parents, 50 for the carp and 50 for the funa. Meiosis in the hybrid testes is highly disturbed being arrested at early stages of the meiotic prophase. Most of the germ-cells undergo pycnotic degeneration during the period from late leptotene, and no spermatozoa are produced. In some hybrid specimens, the gonads show mosaic structures composed of testicular and ovarian elements, anevidence suggesting that sterility is associated with intersexuality caused by genetic unbalance between the parent species. The DNA amount in spermatogonial nuclei of thehybrids is approximately the same as that of liver nuclei, showing the 2n value. The DNA amount in the pachytene nuclei of the hybrids is less than the 4n value, while the parent species have the reduced amount of DNA in their pachytene nuclei. A consideration was made that the reduced amount of DNA in the hybrid cells may cause the disturbance of cellular activity leading to the subsequent degeneration of cells. Some aspects of enzymatic pattern in the carp, funa and their hybrids are. going on.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 1980

고스트제거용 안테나의 구함을 목적으로 동일한 복사패턴의 안테나 2개를 일정한 간격으로 나란히 설치하고 정면방향이외에서 도래하는 방해파에 대해서 두 안테나의 수신전계의 합 출력과 착출력사이에 radian의 위상차가 있는 것에 착목하여 착 신호의 출력을 + 또는 radian 만큼 이상하고 그 진폭을 조정한 다음 합신호와 합성함으로서 종합출력에 나오는 방해파를 제어할 수 있음을 알고 이에 대한 회로를 시작하여 이 회로의 동작으로 방해파가 약 20dB 감소되는 결과를 얻었다.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.55-81
• /
• 1997

In the present paper, V-to-V coarticulation in Korean VCV sequences is discussed, focusing on links between consonantal production and degree of V-to-V coarticulation. Temporal and spatial differences between three types of Korean alveolar stops (lax /t/. aspirated /$t^h$/ and thense /t'/) are examined from VCV sequences involving all possible combinations of three Korean unrounded vowels /a, i,/ based on spectrographic and electrographic data(two male speakers and one female speaker and one female speaker respectively). Closure duration and voice onset time (VOT) were measured from acoustic data. 'Total duration', which is defined as the sum of the closure duration and the VOT, was also calculated in order to see the temporal distance between two vowels in a VCV sequence. Differences in lingual-palatal contact pattern at the maximum contact (MC) point between the three types of stop were observed from EPG data. V-to-V coarticulation was investigated by measuring the offset or onset of the second formant (F2) of the target vowels from spectrograms. Two different dimensions of articulation, temporal and spatial, seem to playa role in determining the degree of V-to-V coarticulation. The degree of V-to-V anticipatory coarticulation is influenced by the spatial characteristics of the intervening consonant while the degree of carryover coarticulation is influenced by the temporal characteristics of the consonant.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.538-544
• /
• 2012

The bubbles made of hydrogen and oxygen gases producted by electrolysis disturb the electrolysis, but the behavior of these bubbles in the electrolysis stack isn't clearly defined. In order to study on the behavior of bubbles in the flow pattern of the meshes type separator, the flow visualization experiment was performed by using of a visible alkaline electrolysis stack and a stereoscopic microscope. As the results, a fine size bubbles adhered to the separator's surface in the electrolyte solution have grown large sized bubbles until each bubble's buoyance is lager than the sum of surface adhesion force and weight. And then the large bubbles flow into the upper area of the separator. Also, as wide area of the separator have been occupied by various sized bubbles, the electrolysis efficiency is declined.