• 한국연초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1987

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on breeding of flue-cured tabacco varieties . Nine cultivars and partial diallel set of 36 Fl hybrids were grown at Daegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1983. Partial dominance with high additive gene effect was observed for yield, leaves per plant , days to flower, leaf weight, nicotine and reducing sugar content. partial dominance with additive and dominant gene effect was observed for stalk height , leaf width midrib weight Overdominance with high dominant gene effect was observed for leaf length and midrib width. The directions of dominance were positive for yield, stalk height, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, midrib weight, midrib width and reducing sugar content, and the negative was days to flower. The estimates of effective genes were 1 for leaves per plant, 2 for stalk height, days to flower and leaf shape. 3 to 6 for leaf length, leaf width, leaf weight and midrib weight.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 1994

In order to convert starch to the fermentative sugar, the effect of pullulanase on the saccharification of starch and pullulanase was investigated. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of the glucoamylase and the crude pullulanase from Klebsiella pneumoniae NFB-320 were shown to be identical as pH 6.0 and 60$\circC, respectively. The crude pullulanase was stable between pH 5.0~6.5, and up to 40$\circC, whereas the glucoamylase was stable between pH 4.0~6.5, and up to 40$\circC. When pullulanase and glucoamylase were engaged together in the sacchrification of starch, saccharification yield was increased by 3.2% than the yield obtained by glucoamylase, alone. And the two enzymes produced sugar from pulltulan 18 times much higher than the single use of pullulanase.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2007

In this study we investigated the volatile compounds that are generated in sesame and contribute to its characteristic flavor. Different reaction systems were used to examine how certain amino acids influenced flavor profiles, and also to evaluate the effects of sugar types on the distribution of those volatile compounds. The volatiles that were generated in each reaction system were selectively isolated and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Among the 20 identified compounds, nitrogen-containing alkylpyrazines were found to be the predominant volatiles. The alkylpyrazine amounts varied across the different model systems, with the total yield being highest in the arginine reaction mixture, followed by the alanine, serine, and lysine mixtures. In general, fructose generated the most extensive amount of volatiles compared to glucose and sucrose. However, the yield of specific flavor compounds varied according to the type of sugar used. Finally, the results clearly showed that a reaction temperature of $135^{\circ}C$ and a reaction time of 20 min generated the highest amount of volatile compounds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of seeding dates on the yield and feed value of whole-crop barley cultivated in paddy soil. The field experiment was conceived as a randomized block design performed in triplicate with seeding dates of Oct. 19 (T1 as treatment 1), Oct. 26 (T2 as treatment 2), Nov. 2 (T3 as treatment 3), Nov. 9 (T4 as treatment 4), and Nov. 16 (T5 as treatment 5) as treatments. The barley grown in all treatments was harvested on May 21 of the following year. Plant length, fresh yield, dry matter yield, and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield were higher (p < 0.05) in barley with early seeding dates, whereas crude protein and ether extract were higher (p < 0.05) with late seeding dates. Crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber were highest in the T3 treatment and lowest in the T1 treatment. There was no significant difference between acid detergent fiber and TDN among the different seeding dates. Total mineral contents were higher in the order T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 (p < 0.05), whereas the total amino acid content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with a delay in seeding date. Free sugar contents (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) were higher with early seeding dates (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results obtained in this study indicate that it is favorable to seed soon after harvesting rice to increase dry matter and TDN yields and mineral and free sugar contents of whole-crop barley in the midlands of Korea.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2019

Activated carbons (ACs) are considered important electrode materials for supercapacitors because their large specific surface areas lead to high charging capacities. In the conventional synthesis of ACs, a substantial amount of carbon is lost during carbonization of a precursor. The development of a method to synthesize ACs in high yield would lower their manufacturing cost. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of high-specific-surface-area NaOH-AC from carbon prepared via a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) route, with a higher yield than that achieved through conventional pyrolysis carbonization. The amorphous carbon was derived from HTC of sugar and subsequently activated at 800℃ with various NaOH etchant/C ratios under a N₂ atmosphere. The AC prepared at 4:1 NaOH/C exhibited the highest surface area (as high as 2,918 ㎡ g^-1) and the highest specific capacitance (157 F g^-1 in 1 M aqueous Na₂SO₄ electrolyte solution) among the NaOH-AC samples prepared in this work. On the basis of their high specific capacitance, the NaOH-ACs prepared from HTC sugar are suitable for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.744-751
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• 2008

생구기자를 수확 후 건조하지 않고 바로 가공용으로 이용하기 위하여 데치기 처리 유무에 따라 저온($5^{\circ}C$)에서 5개월간 당침 숙성하여 구기자청을 만든 후, 첨가당량에 따른 구기자청 제조 시 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 데치기 처리를 하지 않은 구기자청에서 구기자에 대하여 첨가당량이 80%일 때, 77.5%의 회수율로 가장 높았다. 색도에서는 당첨 가량이 많을수록 L값(밝기)이 증가하였으며 pH는 첨가당량에 따라 큰 차이가 없었으나 총산도는 첨가당량이 많을수록 감소하였다. 생구기자 장명의 주된 유기산은 tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid 및 succinic acid로 각각 0.63, 0.57, 0.54 및 0.3%를 함유하고 있었으며, 구기자청 제조 시 당첨가량이 증가할수록 citric acid와 succinic acid는 감소하는 경향이었고 tartaric acid와 malic acid는 증가하는 경향으로 특히 malic acid가 눈에 띄게 증가하여 UPRGSL-4(당 80% 첨가 구기자청)에서 가장 높았다. 폴리페놀성 물질과 베타인 함량은 데치기 처리를 하지 않은 구기자청에서는 당첨가량에 따라 비례적으로 낮은 함량을 보였으나 사용된 생구기자량과 비교해보면 거의 같은 수준으로 함유하고 있었으며, 데치기 처리를 행한 구기자청은 당첨가량이 증가함에 따라 베타인 함량이 급격히 감소하여 80%와 100% 당첨가 청액에서는 정량되지 않았다. 생구기자의 유리아미노산은 총 15종이 검출되었으며 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 아미노산은 serine으로 218.1 mg/100 g을 함유하고 있었으며 총유리아미노산 함량이 601.6 mg/100 g이었다. 데치기 처리를 한 구기자청(PRGSL-4)은 총 6종의 아미노산이 검출되지 않아 총량이 383.3 mg/100 g으로 약 반량이 감소되었고, 데치기 처리를 하지 않은 구기자청(UPRGSL-4)은 17종 모두 검량되었고 생구기자보다 약간 높은 함량을 보여 총유리아미노산 함량이 705.7 mg/100 g이었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Green alga, Ulva pertusa kjelmann has been known to be one of the largest pollutants in Korea. Therefore, the efficient pretreatment processes have been required to improve the yields of fermentable sugar. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined to be $195^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The sugar yield of glucose and xylose were estimated as 20.5%, and 5.0% respectively, based on theoretical yields. However solid residues were estimated enzymatic digestibility of 90-95% with cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan. This process was proved to generate the low concentration of Hydroxy-Methyl-Furfural (51 ppm), which resulted in ethanol production with 95% of the maximum conversion yield from glucose in the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC, 24858). This study showed that Ulva pertusa kjellmann can be used as a bioetahnol resource using the high temperature liquefaction process.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1990

돼지감자 착즙의 당농도를 50,80,110,190,250g/l로 하고 K.marxianus의 비증식속도,균체수율,알콜수율등을 발효액주으이 생성알콜농도및 당 소모량의 함수로 구명한 결과 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 생성알콜농도에 대한 비증식속도 및 알콜의 비생성속도의 함수관계는 알콜생성량이 낮을때 선형 함수관계를, 알콜생성량이 높을때는 지수 함수관계를 나타내었다. 균체의 증식은 생성알콜농도가 50g/l이상에서, 그리고 당의 소모량이 100g/l이상에서 잔여 당농도에 무관하게 정지되는 경향을 나타내었다. 비증식속도와 당 소모량사이에는 선형 함수관계를 나타내었으며,알콜 비생성속도와 당소모량사이의 함수관계는 초기당농도가 낮을때 선형 함수관계를 나타내었으나 초기당농도가 높아질수록 지수함수관계로 천이되었다. 균체수율및 알콜수율은 초기당농도에 무관하게 생성알콜농도 25g/l 부근에서 최대치를 나타내었으며, 알콜생성량이 증가함에 따라 초기 당농도가 증가할수록 완만하게 감소하였다. 이상의 함수관계로부터 K.marxianus의 알콜발효에 있어 한계 당농도는 110g/l근방으로, 한계 알콜농도는 50g/l근방인 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2019

본 연구는 단수수 '초롱'(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)의 재식밀도(16.7, 11.1, 8.3, 6.7, 5.6주${\cdot}m^{-2}$)에 따른 생육, 착즙액의 수량 및 품질을 비교하고 적정 재식밀도와 다변량 분석을 통해 수량에 관계된 요인을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 재식밀도에 따라 파종 후 일수별 주경장은 처리간 차이가 없었으나 재식밀도가 높아짐에 따라 경태는 얇아지고 분지의 퇴화가 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 수확기 추정한 착즙액과 당수량은 재식밀도가 높은 16.7 (각각 42.9, $4.16Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), 11.1 (37.1, $3.73Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$)주${\cdot}m^{-2}$ 처리구가 8.3(30.5, $2.96Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), 6.7 (26.6, $2.41Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), 5.6 (24.7, $2.22Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$)주${\cdot}m^{-2}$ 처리구보다 많았다. 가용성 고형물 및 유리당 함량은 통계적인 차이는 없었으나 11.1, 8.3주${\cdot}m^{-2}$ 처리구에서 높은 편이었다. 반면 재식밀도가 5.6~11.1주${\cdot}m^{-2}$까지 증가했을 때 도복지수(9에 가까울수록 도복피해가 커짐)가 2.00~6.33까지 급격히 증가하여 최종 재식밀도의 결정시 태풍의 도래 횟수나 지형적인 특성 등을 고려해야 할 것이다. 추가적으로 조사항목간 상관분석과 주성분 분석에서 재식밀도는 생경수량($r=0.62^{**}$), 건물수량($r=0.58^{**}$), 착즙액($r=0.63^{**}$) 및 당수량($r=0.66^{**}$)과는 정의관계를, 주경의 굵기($r=-0.65^{**}$)와는 부의관계를 나타내었다. 또한 수량 관련 요인들은 초장, 경태, 마디수와 통계적 관계가 없었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Bumblebees, more efficient than honeybees, provide important services for pollination especially in tomato, pepper, cucumber, strawberries and other crops grown under tunnel farming or glasshouse conditions to yield maximization. These bees require pollen and nectar to meet their dietary needs and maintain their colony structure, development and reproduction. Keeping in view their economic importance, the effect of five concentrations of sugar and honey solutions (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 2:1,1.5:1) each as alternative to nectar were used to observe their effect on life history parameters of Bombus terrestris. The 1:1 ratio of sugar solution was found most effective followed by 1.5:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 and 2:1 and also more effective of all five concentrations of honey solutions on all three stages of colony development i.e., at colony initiation, colony development and colony maturation stages. At colony initiation stage, early pre-oviposition period ($6.40{\pm}0.97$ days), early emergence of first worker in the first batch ($25.40{\pm}1.21$ days) and maximum numbers of workers ($6.20{\pm}0.24$) emergence in the first batch were observed at 1:1 ratio of sugar solution. Colonies reared on 1:1 ratio of sugar solution reached earlier ($52.13{\pm}1.28$ days) at colony foundation stage with minimum mortality ($3.27{\pm}0.54$ workers). At colony maturation stage, maximum numbers of workers, sexual (males, queens) and maximum mother queen longevity was observed at the same 1:1 ratio of sugar solution. It can be suggested from present study that sugar solution as alternative of nectar at 1:1 ratio was better than other sugar concentration levels and also from those of honey solution.