• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.474-477
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to study the use of urea-treated rice straw (UTRS) and whole sugar cane (WSC) crop as roughage sources for dairy cattle during the dry season. Experiment I, four rumen-fistulated dairy crossbred steers were assigned to receive roughage treatments according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design: $T_1=urea-treated$ (5%) rice straw, $T_2=UTRS$ and WSC at 75:25% DM, $T_3=UTRS$ and WSC at 25:75% DM, and $T_4=WSC$. Experiment II, three rumen fistulated, late lactating multiparous Holstein-Friesian crossbreds were randomly allotted to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to receive three types of roughages; $T_1=WSC$, $T_2=UTRS$, $T_3=WSC+UTRS$ at 50:50% DM. It was found that combination of UTRS and WSC at 75:25 ratio significantly increased DM intake while intake of WSC alone was lowest. Moreover, inclusion of UTRS into WSC enhanced digestibilites (Exp. I). In Exp. II, combination of UTRS with WSC at 50:50 ratio (DM) enhanced DM intake (kg/d) (p<0.05) and especially milk yield, milk fat and protein percentages. The findings suggest the combined use of WSC and UTRS improved the feeding values of these roughages for dairy cattle during the dry season.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diurnal alternation of nutrient solution salinity on growth and fruit quality of tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum cv. 'House momotaro') hydroponically grown in root intercept bag-NFT (RIB-NFT) system. Plant height was the lowest in the high concentration during daytime (6/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, day/night). Yield was very high in the concentration of 1/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, it decreased with increasing the concentration of nutrient Yield was higher at low concentration (4/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$) at nighttime compared to the same concentration (4/4 $dS m^{-1}$) at daytime and nighttime, and the reverse (1/4 $dS\;m^{-1}$) was similar to the control (perlite culture). Yield was greatly reduced by higher concentration at daytime than nighttime, and the decrease was alleviated by lower concentration at nighttime. With increasing the concentration of nutrient solution during daytime, sugar content of tomato fruit was increased, but yield was decreased. In the other experiment, tomato plants were hydropoically cultured in NFT system diurnally alternated between Aichi's solution and $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution was supplied for 4 hours from 10:00 to 14:00 at daytime and from 22:00 to 2:00 at nighttime, respectively, and Aichi's solution was supplied for the time except the 4 hours. Ca content of leaves and sugar content of fruit were increased by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution at daytime compared to nighttime, but plant growth was greatly suppressed by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution with the concentration of 4 $dS\;m^{-1}(4/4^{Ca}\;dS\;m^{-1})$ at nighttime.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1979

Trichoderma viride SANK 16374호(號) Cellulase에 의(依)한 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)의 당화(糖化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)로서 효소생산(酵素生產)은 액체진탕(液體振盪) 배양법(培養法)에 의(依)하였다. 이와같이 하여 생산(生產)된 조효소액(粗酵素液)을 취(取)하여 유안포화도(硫安飽和度)에 의(依)한 염석효소액(鹽析酵素液)을 공시용(供試用) 효소액(酵素液)으로 사용(使用)하였다. 그리고 환원당(還元糖) 정량(定量)은 DNS법(法)에 의(依)하였다. 1. 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)의 일반적(一般的) 조성(組成)은 조단백질(粗蛋白質)이 2.26%, 조지방(粗脂肪)이 2.57%, 조섬유(粗纖維)가 44.6%, 회분(灰分)이 5.58%, 리그닌이 13.62%, 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)이 23.21%였다. 그리고 아미노산(酸)의 조성분(組成分)과 비타민의 성분(成分)은 (Table 1)과 같다. 2. 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)를 $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 45분간(分間) 열처리(熱處理)한 기질(基質)은 Cellulase에 의(依)한 반응(反應)이 48시간(時間)이면 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)이 최대치(最大値)에 달(達)하였다. 3. 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)를 $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 45분간(分間) 열처리(熱處理)한 후(後) 분쇄(粉碎)하여 사용(使用)한 기질(基質)은 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)이 11.5%이었다. 4. 열처리(熱處理)하지 않은 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)의 기질(基質)은 cellulase 반응시간(反應時間)이 72시간(時間)에 환원당(還元糖) 생성물(生成物)이 최대치(最大値)에 달(達)하였으며 그 양(量)은 10.1%였다. 5. 각처리별(各處理別) 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)은 폐재(廢材)를 열처리후(熱處理後) 분쇄(粉碎)한 기질(基質)(11.5%)> 열처리(熱處理)하지 않은 기질(基質)(10.1%)> 분쇄후(粉碎後) 열처리(熱處理)한 기질(基質)(6.9%) 순(順)으로 나타났다. 6. 표고재배폐재(栽培廢材)의 당화(糖化)는 기질(基質)을 열처리후(熱處理後) 분쇄(粉碎)함으로서 더욱 가능(可能)하였다. 그리고 당생성량(糖生成量)이 증대(增大)될 수 있어 당질원료(糖質原料)로 가능(可能)할 것으로 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2010

갈색부후균인 Fomitopsis palustris에서 균체 외 cellulase 생산 특성과 이 효소를 이용하여 목재와 볏짚의 당화특성, mediator 첨가 효과, 목질기질의 미세 표면구조나 결정화도가 효소 당화에 미치는 영향 등에 대해 연구하였다. F. palustris의 균체 외 효소의 생산에 혼합목분을 탄소원으로 이용 시 endo-${\beta}$-1,4-gulcanase (EG)는 12.0 U/$m{\ell}$, ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL)는 116.68 U/$m{\ell}$, cellobiohydrolase (CBH)는 18.82 U/$m{\ell}$, 그리고 ${\beta}$- xylosidase (BXL)는 13.33 U/$m{\ell}$의 활성을 보였다. 이러한 활성은 BGL, CBH, 그리고 BXL이 볏짚을 이용한 경우보다 약 2~4배 정도 높았다. 볏짚을 탄소원으로 이용하여 생산한 cellulase-RS의 효소 최적반응 온도 및 pH는 $45^{\circ}C$와 pH 5.0이었으며, 혼합 목분을 탄소원으로 이용하여 생산한 cellulase-SW의 경우에는 $50^{\circ}C$와 pH 5.0이었다. Cellulase-SW는 볏짚을 기질로 사용할 때 $40.6{\pm}0.6%$로 가장 높은 당화율을 보였다. 또한 당화촉매제인 Tween 20의 첨가로 당화율이 44%로 상승하여 상용화 효소인 Celluclast 1.5L의 53.7%의 당화율 대비 약 82% 수준으로 상승되었다. 이는 본 실험에서 사용한 효소가 조효소 형태임을 고려하면 상용화 효소에 매우 근접한 당화율을 얻은 것으로 판단된다. 또한 볏짚의 낮은 조직 결정화도와 주사전자현미경을 이용한 볏짚 표면의 섬유화를 통한 표면적 증대 효과는 목재에 비해 높은 볏짚의 당화율에 대한 원인을 제시하였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1989

The experiment was conducted to obtain basic information on breeding of flue-cured tobacco varieties. Nine cultivars and partial diallel set of 36 F1 hybrides were grown at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1983. Estimated heritability in the narrow-sense ranged from 66.21% to 94.12% for yield, leaves per plant, days to flower, leaf weight, leaf width, leaf shape, nicotine content and reducing sugar content, while that for stalk height, leaf length, midrib weight and midrib width ranged from 28.12% to 56.25%. The genotypic correlations were positive among yield, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, midrib weight and midrib width in the middle leaves, days to flower, nicotine content and reducing correlated with leaf length than leaf width. At the path coefficient analysis of the effect of leaf and midrib characters upon yield according to stalk position, leaf weight, leaf width and midrib width in the middle leaves, and leaf weight, and leaf width in the top leaves showed high direct effects.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing sucrose with sugar alcohols (sorbitol, glycerol and xylitol) on the quality properties of semi-dried jerky. Total 7 treatments of jerkies were prepared as follows: control with sucrose, and treatments with 2.5 and 5.0% of sucrose replaced by each sugar alcohol, respectively. Drying yield, pH, water activity, moisture content, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, sugar content, and sensory evaluation were evaluated. Xylitol slightly decreased the pH when compared to the other sugar alcohols (p>0.05). The water activity of the semi-dried jerky was significantly reduced by treatment with glycerol and xylitol (p<0.05). The moisture content of semi-dried jerky containing various sugar alcohols was significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05), while replacing sucrose with glycerol yielded the highest moisture content. The shear force of semi-dried jerky containing sugar alcohols was not significantly different for the sorbitol and glycerol treatments, but that replacing sucrose with 5.0% xylitol demonstrated the lowest shear force (p<0.05). The TBARS values of semi-dried jerkies with sugar alcohols were lower than the control (p<0.05). The sugar content of the semi-dried jerkies containing sorbitol and glycerol were lower than the control and xylitol treatment (p<0.05). In comparison with the control, the 5.0% xylitol treatment was found to be significantly different in the sensory evaluation (p<0.05). In conclusion, semi-dried jerky made by replacement with sugar alcohols improved the quality characteristics, while xylitol has applicability in manufacturing meat products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1984

느타리버섯 2주기퇴비당화액(2週期堆肥糖化液)으로 부터 효모생산(酵母生産)을 위하여 효모배양조건(酵母培養條件)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果) 여러 효모(酵母)중에서 Candida quilliermondii JAFM 215가 가장 양호(良好)하였고 최적(最適)pH와 온도(溫度)는 5.0, $30^{\circ}C$이었다. 효모생산(酵母生産)은 $NH_4Cl$ 0.3%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.15%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02%, $CaCl_2$ 0.05% 첨가(添加)가 가장 양호(良好)하였다. furfural은 $0.001{\sim}0.01%$ 농도(濃度)일때 효모(酵母)의 생육(生育)이 약간 증가(增加)되었으나 그 이상의 농도(濃度)에서는 저해(沮害)를 받았다. 당(糖)의 이용율(利用率)은 86.2%이고 당(糖)에 대한 효모(酵母)의 수율(收率)은 50.45%였으며 효모(酵母)의 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 $50{\sim}52%$였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertigation as additional fertilizer on tomato yield and nutrient contents in excessively nutrients-accumulated soil. Shoot and root dry weights (DW), dry matter rate for shoot, root and fruit and number of fruit in both AF50 and AF100 (50 and 100% levels of additional fertilizer) treatments were increased in comparison with those in AF0 (0% level of additional fertilizer) treatment. In case of nutrient uptake by tomato, nitrogen, phosphorous (P) and potassium contents in all tomato parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) in AF50 and AF100 treatment were lower than those in AF0 treatment. On the contrary, soluble sugar and starch contents in all tomato parts in AF50 and AF100 were higher than those in AF0 treatment. There were differences between AF0 and AF50 or AF100 in tomato growth, yield, nutrient level and contents of soluble sugar and starch. In contrast, the level and initiation point of fertigation did not significantly affect the parameters. Based on our results, the application of properly reduced level of additional fertilizer is possible to maintain the productivity of tomato and alleviate the nutrient accumulation in plastic film house soils.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

저온기 시설참외 재배시에 적정 토양수분 관리방법을 확립하고자 플라스틱 하우스내에서 착과 10일전부터 수확 1주일 전까지 관수개시점을 10, 20, 30, 50 kPa로 각각 달리하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 전체 관수량은 관수개시점 10kPa구에서는 92.5mm 관수한 반면에 50kPa 관수구는 관수개시점에 도달되지 않아 관수하지 않았다. 참외의 발육에 있어서는 수분이 많을수록 과실비대가 잘 되어 과중은 관수개시점이 50kPa인 구에서 324g인데 비해 10kPa구에서는 456g으로 컸으며, 반면에 수분이 많을수록 발효과의 발생이 많아 상품수량은 오히려 관수개시점 10kPa에서 가장 적었다. 과실의 당도는 30kPa구와 50kPa구에서 가장 높았으며 10kPa구가 가장 낮았다. 결과적으로 당도와 상품수량성 면에서, 토양수분장력이 30kPa 도달시에 관수하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2019

This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.