• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 1991

Physical and chemical properties of glycosylsucrose were characterized as follows: 1. The moisture content of glycosylsucrose syrup (35% , w/w) was 63.6% and total sugar in solid was 35.9%. 2. Main sugar compositions of glycosylsucrose syrup were maltotetraose 54.5%, sucrose 18.0%, glycosylsucrose 15.3%, maltosylsucrose 11.3% and the content of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and fructose were very little. 3. Perceived sweetness threshold of glycosylsucrose was 0.71%, relative sweetness was 0.53, and sweetness intensity expressed as power function was S=$0.78^{\circ}$C^{1.5}$$. 4. Viscosity of glycosylsucrose was higher than that of sucrose and Japanese product at 10, 25, 35 and $65^{\circ}C$. 5. The content of water absorption of gylcosylsucrose at Aw 0.80 was 0.48 g $H_2$O/g dry weight while that of sucrose was 0.17g $H_2$O/g dryweight at Aw 0.86. 6. The stability of glycosylsucrose was decreased by acidic pH, high temperature and long heating time. 7. The glycosylsucrose showed very little browning when heated with pepton, but alkaline pH (pH8), high temperature and long heating time increased browning reaction.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 1983

This study is concerned with quality and analysis of nutritive value of commercially available honey and pollen load. Of thirteen kind of commercially available honeys, acid levels were less than KP IV standard. Color reaction for ammonia, resorcine and varium chloride was negative and trace of starch and dextrine was not detected. There were no extraneous materials in honey samples. Specific gravity of sample was slightly higher than KP IV standard. Total ash lied between 0.01 and 0.15% of honey weight which was less than KP IV standard, except 0.56% of Castanea Honey. Studies on mineral compositions (AAS) for honeys and pollen loads showed that $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;CO^{2+}$ were the most commonly occuring minerals. Pollen loads showed higher levels of mineral contents than honeys. Castanea Honey revealed rich in minerals. $Cd^{2+}\;and\;Pb^{2+}$ were found relatively higher level in Robinia Honey. Reducing sugar level showed $60{\sim}70$ in honeys and $25{\sim}30$ in pollen loads. Non reducing sugar varied between 2 to 7% in pollen loads.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

Background: In this study, we examined the effects of various enzymes on chemical conversions of ginsenosides in ginseng extract prepared by amylases. Methods: Rapidase, Econase CE, Viscozyme, Ultraflo L, and Cytolase PCL5 were used for secondary enzymatic hydrolysis after amylase treatment of ginseng extract, and ginsenoside contents, skin permeability, and chemical compositions including total sugar, acidic polysaccharide, and polyphenols were determined on the hydrolyzed ginseng extract. Results: Rapidase treatment significantly elevated total ginsenoside contents compared with the control (p < 0.05). In particular, deglycosylated ginsenosides including Rg3, which are known as bioactive compounds, were significantly increased after Rapidase treatment (p < 0.05). The Rapidase-treated group also increased the skin permeability of polyphenols compared with the control, showing the highest level of total sugar content among the enzyme treatment groups. Conclusion: This result showed that Rapidase induced the conversion of ginsenoside glycosides to aglycones. Meanwhile, Cytolase PCL5 and Econase treatments led to a significant increase of uronic acid (acidic polysaccharide) level. Taken together, our data showed that the treatments of enzymes including Rapidase are useful for the conversion and increase of ginsenosides in ginseng extracts or products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.922-927
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• 1996

To analyse components of fresh ginseng and some white ginsengs with different processing conditions, approximate composition, extraction yield, total saponin content and composition and free sugar composition of fresh ginseng, white ginseng, Taeguksam A and Taeguksam B were examined. Yield of hot water extraction was two times higher than that of 80% methanol extraction. Hot water extraction yields of fresh ginseng, white ginseng, Taeguksam A and Taeguksam B were 56.4, 39.9, 42.9 and 46.6%, respectively, while the 80% methanol extraction yields ranged from 15.8% to 21.9%. Total saponin contents of the above were 2.40, 1.73, 1.45 and 1.79%, respectively, with hot water extraction and were 2.15, 2.99, 2.81 and 2.35%, respectively, with 80% methanol extraction. Ginsenoside compositions of the above varied with processing conditions and extraction solvents. Hot water and 80% methanol extracts of fresh and white ginseng composed of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. Rhamnose was detected only in the extract of Taeguksam A and B.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Mulberry (oddi) is one of the most popular functional foods with many physiological components. This study investigated and compared the nutritional compositions and physiological activities of four mulberry fruits from Morus albo L. including Cheongilppong, Iksuppong, Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong (a new cultivar from Chungcheongbuk-do). To analyze the nutrient contents, mulberry fruits were freeze-dried. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the four mulberry cultivars ranged from 9.61~14.11% for moisture, 8.28~11.90% for crude protein, 3.70~4.86% for crude ash, 4.28~5.54% for crude lipid and 7.46~10.78% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of mulberry cultivars were not significantly different. However, Cheongsuppong had the highest content of reducing sugar, 74.7%. Chungsuppong and Iksuppong showed higher contents of total polyphenol and anthocyanin than other mulberry cultivars, while all mulberry cultivars showed high antioxidant activities. Hypoglycemic effect had a slightly higher level in Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong than in the other samples. Taken together, the new cultivar "Cheongsu" oddi can be suggested as a potential source of functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.717-720
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• 2001

Chemical compositions and physiological activities of Platycodon grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were investigated. Chemical compositions of P. grandiflorum roots grown for 24 years were moisture 82.7%, crude protein 1.6%, crude lipid 2.1% crude ash 0.7%. total sugar 6.0% total dietary fiber 2.3% crude saponin 3.4mg% and ascorbic acid 3.0 mg%. Contents of each components in 24 years old roots were higher than that in 4 years old roots and the most abundant mineral was potassium being 879.9mg/kg. Physiological activities of solvent extract from P. grandiflorum roots grown for 4 and 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years were high in order of ethanol methanol and water extract. The electron-donating abilities and nitrite-scavenging effect of solvent extract of 24 years old roots were higher than those of 4 years of old roots in the range of 10~40% respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2007

Compositional components such as isoflavone, protein, oil, fatty acid, and free sugar in Korean vegetable soybeans were examined with four cultivars including Hwaeomputkong, Keunolkong, Mirang, and Danmi 2. In the isoflavone, Mirang cultivar showed the highest content ($967.1{\mu}g/g$), whereas Keunolkong was the lowest content ($535.9{\mu}g/g$). The malonylglucosides were the predominant isoflavone type followed by the glucoside, aglycone, and acetyl glucoside forms, respectively. In the protein content, Hwaeomputkong was the lowest (41.7%) and Danmi 2 was the highest (45.9%). The oil contents were 11.5 to 21.2% and Mirang cultivar was the lowest. The fatty acid compositions of the oil extracts exhibited that linoleic acid was the highest (33.6-42.5%), followed by oleic, palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids. Whereas, oleic acid ($46.7{\pm}2.0%$) was more than linoleic acid ($33.6{\pm}1.3%$) in Mirang cultivar. In the free sugar contents, Hwaeomputkong cultivar showed the highest level and sucrose ($5.52{\pm}0.49%$) appeared to be most prevalent in vegetable soybeans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.474-477
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to study the use of urea-treated rice straw (UTRS) and whole sugar cane (WSC) crop as roughage sources for dairy cattle during the dry season. Experiment I, four rumen-fistulated dairy crossbred steers were assigned to receive roughage treatments according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design: $T_1=urea-treated$ (5%) rice straw, $T_2=UTRS$ and WSC at 75:25% DM, $T_3=UTRS$ and WSC at 25:75% DM, and $T_4=WSC$. Experiment II, three rumen fistulated, late lactating multiparous Holstein-Friesian crossbreds were randomly allotted to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to receive three types of roughages; $T_1=WSC$, $T_2=UTRS$, $T_3=WSC+UTRS$ at 50:50% DM. It was found that combination of UTRS and WSC at 75:25 ratio significantly increased DM intake while intake of WSC alone was lowest. Moreover, inclusion of UTRS into WSC enhanced digestibilites (Exp. I). In Exp. II, combination of UTRS with WSC at 50:50 ratio (DM) enhanced DM intake (kg/d) (p<0.05) and especially milk yield, milk fat and protein percentages. The findings suggest the combined use of WSC and UTRS improved the feeding values of these roughages for dairy cattle during the dry season.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2002

The major free sugars of buckwheat plants were fructose, glucose, and maltose but their contents and compositions were influenced by the different wavelength of light. Free sugar contents of Clfa 39 (Fagopyrum tataricum) were higher than those of Yangjul-maemil (Fagopyrum esculentum) regardless of the light sources. As treated with red and blue light, the free sugar contents in the leaves of buckwheat plants were slightly increased, but their contents in the stems and flowers were lower than those of natural light condition. Under the natural light condition, maltose was detected in every tissues of buckwheat plants, but as treated with blue and red light, it was not detected in the flowers of buckwheat plants. Citric, malic and acetic acid were detected as major organic acids in buckwheat plants. Red and blue lights decreased the total organic acid contents in buckwheat plants as compared with natural light condition. It was considered that blue light are less active than red light for the accumulation of organic acids. Tataric acid was detected only in the leaves of buckwheat plants, however, as treated with red and blue light, it was not detected in the leaves of Clfa 39. Flowers of Yangjul-maemil contained a considerable amount of rutin and quercitrin. Only small amount of quercitrin was detected in leaves, but it was not detected in stems. On the other hand, Clfa 39 leaves contained a considerable amount of rutin, quercetin and small amount of quercitrin, but quercitrin and quercetin were detected only in the stems of Clfa 39. Red and blue lights significantly decreased the contents of rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin in buckwheat plants as comparing with natural light condition. Rutin content in the flowers of Clfa 39 was increased under the red and blue light conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 1998

Production of medicinal soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], characterized with black seed, white stripe at hilum border, yellow cotyledon and small seed, is increasing with increasing consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of medicinal soybean seed and to provide basic information, for the characterization of these soybeans among genetic resources. Forty-four lines of medicinal soybeans collected from Korea and two control cultivars, 'Hwangkeumkong' (Yellow seed coat) and 'Geomjeongkong l' (Black seed coat) were planted at the Research Farm of the College of Natural Resources, Korea University, located at Namyangju City on May 25, 1996. Seeds of these lines were harvested at full maturity and analyzed for protein, oil, sugar, starch and mineral contents. Mean protein and oil content of the medicinal line seeds were 42.6 and 16.1%, respectively, and those of the control cultivars were in the middle range for protein and oil content. However, sugar and starch content of the medicinal line seeds appeared to be in the lower range of the distributions compared to the control cultivars and were 10.0 and 1.68%, respectively. Mean P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of the seeds of medicinal soybean lines were 15.9, 21.5, 3.11, and 2.81 mg/g, respectively, indicating that these lines had higher P, K, and Mg and lower Ca contents when compared to the control cultivars. Mean Na and Fe contents were 671 and 224 mg/kg, respectively, showing lower Na and similar Fe contents. The observed results provided that chemical compositions of medicinal soybean were, on average, different from those of the general soybean cultivars.