• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.659-664
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• 2000

To develop anode-supported tubular cell with proper porosity, we have investigated the anode substrate and t the electrolyte-coated anode tube. The anode substrate was manufactured as a function of carbon content in the range of 20 to 50 vol.%. As the carbon COntent increased, the porosity of the anode substrate increased slightly and the carbon c content with proper porosity is found to be 30 vol.%. The anode-supported tube was fabricated by extrusion process a and the electrolyte layer was coated on the anode tube by slurry coating process. The anode-supported tube was cofired successfully at $^1400{\circ}C$ in air. The porosity of the anode tube was 35%. From the gas permeation test, the anode t tube was found to be porous enough for gas supply. On the other hand, the anode-supported tube with electrolyte layer indicated a very low gas permeation rate. This means that the coated electrolyte was dense.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2003

Most of the ethyl alcohol consumed by humans is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the liver by the cytoplasmic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system. For this ADH-catalyzed oxidation of alcohol, $NAD^+$ is required as the coenzyme and $NAD^+$becomes reduced to NADH. As the $NAD^+$becomes depleted and NADH accumulates, alcohol oxidation is reduced. For continued alcohol oxidation, the accumulated NADH must be quickly reoxidized to $NAD^+$, and it is this reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$that is known to be the rate-limiting step in the overall oxidation rate of alcohol The reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, with pyruvate being utilized as the substrate. The pyruvate may be supplied from alanine as a result of amino acid metabolism via the urea cycle. Also, glutamine is thought to help with the supply of pyruvate indirectly, and to activate the urea cycle by producing $NH_3$. Thus, in the present study, we have examined the effects of alanine and glutamine on the alcohol oxidation rate. We utilized isolated perfused liver tissue in a system where media containing alanine and glutamine was circulated. Our results showed that when alanine (5.0mM) was added to the glucose-free infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate was increased by 130%. Furthermore, when both glutamine and alanine were added together to the infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate increased by as much as 190%, and the rate of urea nitrogen production increased by up to 200%. The addition of glutamine (5.0mM) alone to the infusion media did not accelerate the alcohol oxidation rate. The increases in the rates of alcohol oxidation and urea nitrogen production through the addition of alanine and glutamine indicate that these amino acids have contributed to the enhanced supply of pyruvate through the urea cycle. Based on these results, it is concluded that the dietary supplementation of alanine and glutamine could contribute to increased alcohol detoxification through the urea cycle, by enhancing the supply of pyruvate and $NAD^+$to ensure accelerated rates of alcohol oxidation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an environmental contaminant provoking genetic mutation and damages to liver and central nerve system even at low concentrations. A practical scheme is reported using toluene as a primary substrate to revitalize the biofilter column for an extended period of TCE degradation. The rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by Pseudomonas putida F1 at $25^{\circ}C$ decreased exponentially with time, without toluene feeding to a biofilter column ($11\;cm\;I.D.{\times}95\;cm$ height). The rate of decrease was 2.5 times faster at a TCE concentration of $970\;{\mu}g/L$ compared to a TCE concentration of $110\;{\mu}g/L$. The TCE itself was not toxic to the cells, but the metabolic intermediates of the TCE degradation were apparently responsible for the decrease in the TCE degradation rate. A short-term (2 h) supply of toluene ($2,200\;{\mu}g/L$) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 6.4 min recovered the relative column activity by $43\%$ when the TCE removal efficiency at the time of toluene feeding was $58\%$. The recovery of the TCE removal efficiency increased at higher incoming toluene concentrations and longer toluene supply durations according to the Monod type of kinetic expressions. A longer duration ($1.4{\sim}2.4$ times) of toluene supply increased the recovery of the TCE removal efficiency by $20\%$ for the same toluene load.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.389.1-389.1
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• 2016

The flexible solid state device has been widely studied as portable and wearable device applications such as display, sensor and curved circuits. A zero-bias operation without any external power consumption is a highly-demanding feature of semiconductor devices, including optical communication, environment monitoring and digital imaging applications. Moreover, the flexibility of device would give the degree of freedom of transparent electronics. Functional and transparent abrupt p/n junction device has been realized by combining of p-type NiO and n-type ZnO metal oxide semiconductors. The use of a plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate spontaneously allows the flexible feature of the devices. The functional design of p-NiO/n-ZnO metal oxide device provides a high rectifying ratio of 189 to ensure the quality junction quality. This all transparent metal oxide device can be operated without external power supply. The flexible p-NiO/n-ZnO device exhibit substantial photodetection performances of quick response time of $68{\mu}s$. We may suggest an efficient design scheme of flexible and functional metal oxide-based transparent electronics.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2001

Commercial liquid seeds are used for supplying active microbial flora to organic wastewater treatment plants of high feed-to-microorganism ratio and to maintain optimal microbial condition during unsteady state operation of the biological wastewater treatment plant. In addition to bacterial cells, the liquid weeds contain various additives for special purposes as well as organic substrates for energy supply. The additives give physical stability for the maintenance of microbial decomposition activity and ability to control the overgrowth of seed strains. In this work, the effects of addition of two kinds of typical substrate additives, poly aluminum chloride(PAC) and poly aluminum sulfate(PAS) on the consitutional total cell counts(CFU/ml) of four kinds of reorganization liquid seeds(RLS I, RLS II, RLS III and RLS IV) were studied experimentally. The addition of PAC and PAS gave negative effect on TCC constitution for the four seeds studied.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2001

With the explosive growth of Note-PC and Desktop monitor market, TFT LCD market confronted a entire supply shortage during 1999. Forecasting a more booming stage for the next several years, many TFT-LCD panel manufacturers continue to expand the capacity of their existing plants and also make an additional investment in building new plants. The new investment is concentrated on the $4^{th}$ generation TFT LCD line in order to improve investment efficiency. The set up of the Samsung's Gen 3.5 line progressed with satisfactorily performance using $600{\times}720mm$ glass size. We have continuously reviewed several issues regarding the glass size for our next Gen. 4 line, which leads to adopt $730{\times}920mm$. Due to the continuous enlargement of a substrate size and following difficulty in transferring cassettes, the next line is expected to be the last line that employs "cassette transfer". The layout of the next line will shift from conventional "concentration-type" to "separation-type" configuration for the purpose of reducing transfer distance as well as transfer time. The details will be discussed in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1478-1480
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• 2001

ZnO : Al transparent conductive thin films were prepared by facing targets sputtering system with a DC power supply which can deposit a high quality thin films and control deposition condition in all range of $O_2$ gas ratio using ZnO target containing 8 at% of Al. Sputtering was carried out at a substrate temperature of R T with a DC current of 0.6 A and $O_2$ flow rate of 0 $\sim$ 0.9. The characteristics of ZnO : Al thin films was investigated by $\alpha$-step, four point probe, X-ray diffraction and UV/VIS spectrometer.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.697-700
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• 1999

This Paper presents the design, fabrication, analysis of the measured date of a voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) for the application of Personal Communication Systems. Main VCO circuit consists of self biased emitter resonating circuit with microstrip line resonator on FR4 epoxy substrate. A varactor diode is used for 90MHz frequency tuning with center frequency of 1635MHz Phase noise of -114.67㏈C/Hz at 100KHz off set has been achieved with 3.3 V supply. The size of the fabricated VCO circuit is 1.25 cm$\times$ 1.25 cm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.19-27
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• 2003

Morphology and composition of MgO films grown on single-crystalline diamond (100) have been studied. MgO thin films were deposited in the substrate temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 723K by means of electron beam evaporation using MgO powder source. Atomic force microscopy images indicated that the film grown at RT without $O_2$ supply was relatively uniform and flat whereas that deposited in oxygen ambient yielded higher growth rates and rough surface morphologies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that the MgO film deposited at RT without $O_2$ has the closest composition to the stoichiometric MgO, and that a thin contaminant layer composed mainly of magnesium peroxide (before etching) or hydroxide (after etching) was unintentionally formed on the film surface, respectively. These results will be discussed in relation to the interaction among the evaporated species and intentionally supplied oxygen molecules at the growth front as well as the interfacial energy between diamond and MgO.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

The fetus is completely dependent on mother for glucose and other nutrient transfer across the placenta. At birth, when the maternal supply is discontinued, the neonate must adjust to an independent existence. The changes in the neonate's glucose homeostasis during this transition to the extrauterine environment are influenced by the mother's metabolism and intrinsic fetal and placental problems. Maturation of carbohydrate homeostasis results from a balance between substrate availability and coordination of developing hormonal, enzymatic, and neural systems. These mechanisms may not be fully developed in neonates, so the neonate is vulnerable to carbohydrate disequilibrium resulting in damage to the central nervous system. Hypoglycemia is a relatively common metabolic problem seen during newborn care. However its definition, management and long term sequalae remain controversial. Hyporglycemia occurs frequently as a transient disorder with excellent prognosis. It also may persist and recur and cause permanent neurological complications. Although the key to effective treatment of hypoglycemia is diagnostic specific, the maintenance of euglycemia is critical to the preservation of central nervous system function. This article discusses physiology of perinatal glucose homeostasis, focusing on evaluation and treatment of hypoglycemia.