• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Submerged rubble structures include artificial reef and the mound part of the rubble mound breakwater. Artificial reef is a type of the submerged wave absorbing structure installed in a coastal zone to prevent beach erosion and designed to initially reduce the energy of incoming waves so that its run-up height and overtopping quantity can be decreased. In order to ascertain the stability of such submerged rubble structures, minimum weight of the rubble has to be calculated first from the incoming wave height using Hudson's formula or Brebner-Donnelly formula. Based on the calculated minimum weight, a model is built for use in a hydraulic model test carried out to check its stability. The foregoing two formulas used to calculate the minimum weight are empirically derived formulas based on the result of the tests on the rubble mound breakwater and it is, therefore, difficult for us to apply them directly in the calculation of the minimum weight of the submerged structures. Accordingly, this study comes up with a numerical simulation method capable of deformation analysis for rubble structures. This study also tries to identify the deformation mechanism of the submerged rubble structures using the numerical simulation. The method researched through this study will be sufficient for use for usual preparations of the design guidelines for submerged rubble structures.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.539-544
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• 2016

The aim of this study is identifying characteristics of spatial distribution using submerged debris data on the bottom of sea ground. Marine debris is classified into floating and submerged debris. These are polluting marine environment, ecology and habitat by floating and submerged. Also it takes a lot of money when it is to process the waste flowing into the ocean. In this study, it is used data of submerged debris by side scan sonar on the bottom of sea ground in Pohang port. Submerged distribution map is made to identify spatial classified characteristics of SMD(submerged marine debris) using by position and weight per area of SMD.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 1989

심해에서 사용되는 계류선의 큰 자중(self-weight)에 관련된 문제를 해결하기 위하여 케이블-부표 시스템을 이용하는 것은 매우 큰 도움이 된다. 계류선에 적절한 중간잠수부표(intermediate submerged buoys)를 붙임으로써 계류선에 발생하는 최대 장력을 줄일 수 있고, 따라서 케이블의 직경을 감소시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 중간잠수부표가 부착된 케이블의 비선형 정적 방정식과 선형화된 운동방정식이 유도되고, 주파수 영역해석을 이용하여 케이블의 고유진동수와 케이블 상단에서의 장력을 구하고 그것들에 대한 중간잠수부표의 영향을 조사한다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.526-526
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• 1989

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to investigate biodegradation of TPA(terephthalic acid) and EG (ethylene glycol), treatment efficiency of polyester weight loss wastewater and microbial characteristics by aerated submerged biolfilm(ASB) p.rocess. In a batch reactor, pH increased from 7.0 to 8. 5 in the biodegradation of TPA. Whereas, in case of EG, decreased from 7.0 to 5.2. COD concentration rapidly decreased within 24hr in the biodegradation of TPA and EG. COD removal velocity constant(k) were 0.065-0.088 hr$^{-1}$. The biodegradation velocity of TPA was 1.4 times faster than that of EG. The ratio of suspended biomass to the total biomass in the reactor was 18.3-33.3%, increased as a high ratio of EG content. Biofilm thickness, biofilm dry density and attached biomass were 346-432 $\mu$m, 41.8-61.9 mg/cm$^3$, 1.45-2.67 mg/cm$^2$, respectively. There values increased as a high ratio of TPA content. In the hydraulic retention time of 36 hr, organic loading rate of 4 kgCOD/m$^3\cdot$ day and packing ratio of 70%, the effluent concentrations of TCOD, SCOD in a continuous flow reator were 1,388 mg/l, 147 mg/l and removal efficiencies were 77%, 97.6%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.81-88
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• 2000

Unlike structures in the air, the vibration analysis of a submerged or floating structure such as offshore structures or ships is possible only when the fluid-structure interaction is understood, as the whole or part of the structure is in contact with water. Specially, the importance of the added mass is not necessary to say like the submerged vehicle, all of the hull body, is positioned in the water. This paper introduce two method to find natural frequency in consideration of fluid-structure modal coupled vibration analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze of the vibration characteristic of submerged vehicle to obtain the anti-vibration design data, which could be used in the preliminary design stage data. Underwater pressure hull of submerged vehicle is used as the model of this study. The F.E.M model is meshed by shell and beam element. Also, considering of the inner hull weight, mass element is distributed in the direction of hull length. Numerical calculations are accomplished using the commercial B.E.M code. The characteristics of natural frequency(eigenvalues), mode shape(eigenvectors) and frequency-displacement response are analyzed. The results of this study will be used as the useful design data in preliminary anti-vibration design stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.844-847
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• 2002

This paper is to investigate the wear behavior of submerged-arc clad materials by the wear test with a ball-on-disk type wear testing machine in air. The specimens were clad with Stoody105 alloy wire on a carbon steel (SM45C) substrate by submerged-arc cladding process under different welding parameters. The wear behavior of the cladding through ball-en-disk test has been studied under the wear load from 5N to 16N and sliding speed from 8cm/s to 35cm/s. The weight of the specimen loss was measured. Scanning electron micrographs of the worn surface show a layer of oxide film formed on the worn surface. Oxidation wear mechanism controls the wear process. The spalling of the oxide is caused by the repeated rubbing fatigue mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 2003

This paper is to investigate the wear behavior of submerged-arc claddings by the wear test with a ball-on-disk type wear testing machine in air. The specimens were clad with Stoody105 alloy wire on a medium carbon steel (SM45C) substrate by submerged-arc cladding process under different welding parameters. The wear behavior of the cladding through ball-on-disk test has been studied under the wear load from 5 to 16 N and the sliding speed from 8 to 35 cm/s. The weight loss of the specimen was measured. Scanning electron micrographs of the worn surface show a layer of oxide film formed on the worn surface. Oxidation wear mechanism controls the wear process. The spatting of the oxide is caused by the repeated rubbing fatigue mechanism.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 1975

It was studied of relation between biomass of reed communities (Phragmitis communis) and several environmental factors concerned with such as chlor ine, pH, humus content in soil and depth of seawater submerged. Two sites where were the different geographical conditions were set up. One site had two plots: H plot, at theshallows of seawater, was not submerged except at full tide or at heavy rainfall, and M plot, at medium depth of seawater, submerged at every common tide at inside of a bank along the west seashore of Mu-An-peninsula. The other site also two plots: M' plot, at medium depth, submerged about 10 hours at each tide, and L plot, at deep seawater submerged every tims at tide at the outside of a bank along the eastside estuary of Youngsan river. Maximum standing crop of the reed community was shown on 25th of June: biomass at H M, M' and L plot were respectively 4.65, 3.60, 0.98, and 0.67 kg dry weight per $m^2$. Density of individual at H, M, M' and L plot was 67, 78, 244 and 333 plants per $m^2$. Net production of the terrestrial parts of rred community on the outside of the bank were lesser as much as a sixth than that on inside, but the density of the plant on outside of the bank was higher as much 4 or 5 times than that on inside. It was assumed that the growth of reed plant was inhibited by high chlorine, high pH, less humus in soil and submergence of seawater for long period.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Unlike structures in the air, the vibration analysis of a submerged or floating structure such as offshore structures or ships is possible only when the fluid-structure interaction is understood, as the whole or part of the structure is in contact with water. This paper introduces two methods to find natural frequency in consideration of fluid-structure interaction, direct coupled vibration analysis and fluid-structure modal coupled vibration analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the vibration characteristic of a submerged vehicle to obtain the anti-vibration design data, which could be used in the preliminary design stage. The underwater pressure hull of submerged vehicle is used as the model of this study. The F.E.M. model is meshed by shell and beam elements. Also, considering the inner hull weight, the mass element is distributed in the direction of hull length. Numerical calculations are accomplished by using the commercial B.E.M. code. The characteristics of natural frequency, mode shape and frequency-displacement response are analyzed.