• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to review the factors related to serious dental diseases in dental clinic patients to provide basic data on health and oral health improvement. Methods : This study included 257 patients who visited dental clinics located in Gyeonggi-do. For the survey method, patients filled out questionnaires, and their dental examination charts were reviewed. The subjects of this study were selected using convenience sampling. Surveys were done with a self-entry questionnaire. Results : Serious dental diseases were more likely to be found in men than in women, in married subjects than in single subjects, in obese subjects than in normal-weight subjects, in subjects with xerostomia and in subjects who did not receive regular oral examinations and scaling. Conclusions : In order to promote oral health, individual efforts by dental clinic patients should be made along with the implementation of oral health improvement programs and policies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to develop 'Squat Scoring Scale' and identify relationship between squatting score and flexibility of the lower extremity muscles such as quadriceps femoris and soleus in terms of relationship between squatting and functions of lower extremity. Subjects have normal gait patterns only with or without musculoskeletal problems of lower extremities, lumbar and pelvis and gender. There are sixty subjects who participated in this study. The scoring are checked after squatting posture according to 'Squat Scoring Scale', and measured ROM of the ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion for flexibility of the soleus and quadriceps femoris, respectively. Fourteen of sixty subjects have 10 score, seventeen subjects have 9 score, seven subjects have 8, 7 and 6 scores, three subjects have 5 score, and five subjects have 4 score. The gap between 10 to 9, 9 to 8 and 8 to 7 score in all values of angles has the statistical significance for t-test(p<.05). This information indicates that flexibility of quadriceps femoris and soleus acts as important factors in squatting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2000

This survey was carried out to clarify the consumers' behavior related the purchase and use of women's dress shoes. The subjects participated in this study were 386 Korean women. Their age were ranged from 18 to 86 years. The results of this study were as following; 1. The most popular women's dress shoe sizes were 235 and 240. 2. 82.6% of subjects had experienced uncomfortable fit when they wore dress shoes. 3. The subjects aged over 30 years preferred low heel shoes. They valued wearing comfort above fashion trend in shoe design consideration. 4. The subjects aged under 30 years gave more emphasis on fashion trend than comfort and fit when they purchase dress shoes. 5. Consumer's experience of unfit with dress shoes was different with age. The younger subjects complained improper bottom sole shape. The older subjects had experience of unfit with outshell design and material. The subjects aged over 60 years thought that their dress shoe design was too narrow at the toe and lack for flexiblity of shoe material.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 1997

This study was performed from March to June 1994 in ANsung Medical Center. We investigated serum components of 78 diabetics in the center, in addition to the nutrient intake status and anthrophometric status of 60 diabetics among them. We separated the latter into 2 groups(ⅰ) less tan 5 years of diabetic duration and ⅱ) more than 6 years of diabetic duration) and analyzed the clinical characteristics of each group. The results are as follows : \circled1 The average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1 and 58.9 years, respectively. The average diabetic duration of male subjects was 4.8 years and that of female subjects was 5.9 . The major occupational field of both male and female subjects was agriculture(33.3%, 36.1%). 50% of male and 75% of female subject's monthly incomes were less than 600, 000 won and 75% of male and 94.4% of female subjects had weekly food expense less than 40, 000 won. The nutrient intake status of the subjects was lower than RDA on the whole. There was no big differences between 2 the male groups of different diabetic duration , but calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron and Vit B$_1$intakes of the above 6 year female group were appearently higher than those of the under 5 year female group (p<0.05). There were different intake tendencies between male and female subjects . For females. the longer the diabetic duration, the less intakes of calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$, and niacin were observed. Furthermore, the longer the diabetic duration in females , the more intakes of energy and nutrients, except Vit C were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were 155mg/dl and 164mg/dl and Postprandial glucose levels were 242mg/dl and 247mg/dl for males and females respectively. Hb of both males and females , and Ht of males met the lower limit of normal status, The serum TG level was higher than normal , so that they seemed to suffer from hyperlipidemia ; their high HbAIC status indicated that the management of diabetes mellitus was poor. The total protein level of female subject was higher when compared with that of males(p<0.05). All subjects blood pressure were higher than normal , and the longer the diabetic duration, the higher was the blood pressure. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the above 6 year group male subjects were lower(p<0.05) than those of the under 5 year male group subjects, and the former group's systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of the latter(p<0.05). Levels of serum total protein, albumin and TG of the above 6 year female group were lower than those of the under 5 year female group(p<0.05). As the diabetic duration was extended, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a tendency to increase, while Hb, Ht, total protein, albumin, and A/G, which represent the nutrients state of iron and protein, were inclined to decrease. This result showed that serum lipid components went bad. To summarize the results, the longer the diabetic duration, the worse were the male subjects nutrient intake status, but those of the female subjects were good. With respect to serum components and serum lipid subjects Fe, protein, nutrition status and serum lipid component got worse as the diabetic duration was extended , implying the possibility of diabetes mellitus complication grows.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.334-345
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• 2016

This study conducted surveys on perception and utilization of Korean soybean paste targeting 493 women from their 20s to 60s residing in Daegu. Most subjects married (75.3%), were part of a nuclear family (84.8%), had more than a high school diploma (95.8%), had a career (47.9%), lived in an apartment (68.4%), had a total household income of 5 million won or more (38.1%), and had monthly food expenses more than 0.5 million won and less than 1 million won (42.2%). Regarding perception, 'rich nutrition' was the most commonly held perception in subjects in their 60s (4.4), followed by 'good taste' in subjects in their 40s (4.3). Regarding reasons for consumption 'healthy' was highest in subjects in their 60s (47.3%) and 40s (45.6%) and 'delicious' in subjects in their 20s (56.1%). Regarding how to make it, subjects in their 60s responded 'know for sure' (57.1%), while only 2% of 20s responded the same. Subjects in their 50s and 60s had a higher ratio of answering 'know' while 20s and 30s 'don't know', For preparation methods, subjects in their 20s (53.1%) and 30s (41.4%) answered 'buy at the market', subjects in their 40s (68.9%) 'get from family or relatives' and subjects in their 60s (47.3%) 'make by one's own'. For preservation method, subjects in their 20s and 30s answered 'preserve in refrigerator', the 60s tend to answer 'preserve in jangdokdae'. Buying at the market was most common in subjects in their 20s (36.1%) and 30s (28.5%) and the reason was 'convenient' (39.6%). The place of purchase was 'in large supermarket or department store' (78.5%). For the future consumption pattern, 'increase in consumption of commercialized product (44.0%)', subjects in their 60s answered 'keep making at home' while subjects in their 30s and 40s answered 'keep making at home or buying product half and half'. According to the above study results, women living in Daegu region were aware of excellence of traditional soybean paste. However, due to changes in residential circumstance and lack of knowledge about the recipe, they did not make. They receive soybean paste t from family, relatives or bought in the market, which indicates the continuous decrease in home-made soybean paste. Therefore, due to the expanding social participation of women, the product market is expected to increase. I think it is important to develop traditional commercial soybean paste in the traditional way to improve the traditional flavors.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.445-459
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the dietary life, nutritional status and health condition in 100 elderly living in nursing homes in Pusan area. The quality of meals served in nursing homes base on nutrient contents and the state of preferared foods was evaluated by the questionaire and the nutritional status and health condition of subjects were estimated by the analysis of serum components. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1 Almost all subjects were aged over 70 years and poor-educated. Mean height and weight of subjects were lower than Korean average standard but Body Mass Index(BMI) of those were normal and body fat contents of females were especially high. 2. Protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and Ca intake of subjects were lower than Korean RDA. Subjects preferred pan-broiled for meats and fishes, muchim for vegetables fruits as food between meals. 3. There were no smoking and drinking in almost all subjects. All subjects have taken nutritional supplements, mainly mineral supplements. Prevalence of disease in subjects were in the following order : cardiovascular, stomach, neuralgia in males. The frequency of neuralgia in females was highest. 4. Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca and Mg were lower than those of normal ranges. Therefore, it Is necessary to improve nutritional status of the elderly in nursing homes with by increasing the various side dishes and to develop the standard menu for those.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the drinking patterns and behaviors of Yangsan College students. Data were collected by a self-administered survey from the subjects, of which male students were 336 and female 165. The results of this study were as follows: 1. With regard to attitude toward drinking, 93.1% of the male subjects and 84.3% female subjects reported to have favor for drinking while only 9.3% of the subjects against drinking. 2. Those who reported to have at least a drink everyday were 13.3% of the subjects. For drinking frequency subjects who reported once in two or three day were most popular(21.9%). The frequency of drinking alcohol was associated positively with amount of discretionary money the students have. 3. For amount of drinking, 42.5% of subjects responded that they were able to drink soju at least one bottle per occasion. Data showed a high positive correlation between drinking frequency and financial costs they spent to drink. 4. The reasons subjects gave to drink included social gatherings after school or student activities (40.1%), change of mood(16.5%), and personal cerebration(16.5%). 5. The most popular place for the subject to go for a drink was neighborhood pubs(43.5%), followed by bar or pubs at downtown(28.3%) and nearby campus(12.2%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Singing requires exquisite coordination between the respiratory and phonatory system to efficiently control glottal airflow. Respiratory function and vocal aerodynamics were investigated in six female professional sopranos and in six female subjects without vocal training. All sopranos had more than 15 years of formal classic vocal training. Pulmonary function test data on simple pulmonary function, flow volume curve, static lung volumes, maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), and maximum expiratory pressure(MEP) were obtained from all subjects. Vocal aerodynamic studies of maximum phonation time(MPT), phonation quotient, and mean glottal flow rates (MFR) were also measured in all subjects. Simple pulmonary function in professional sopranos was generally the same as that of other female subjects without vocal training. However, MIP and MEP showing respiratory muscle forces were significantly elevated in professional sopranos, compared to those of other female subjects without vocal training. Maximum phonation times and phonation quotient in sopranos are longer than those of other female subjects even though there were no differences in simple pulmonary function. High-pitched tones were made with significantly higher mean glottal flow rates(GFR) in normal subjects than low-pitched tones, whereas no changes in GFR were found in sopranos. The result indicated that sopranos demonstrated significant improvements in aerodynamic measures of GFR, maximum phonation time, suggesting an increase in glottal efficiency.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2012

Objective : To set up the concept and the category of the medical humanities in Korean medicine education through researching and analysing the curriculum of 12 colleges and school of Korean medicine (KM) in Korea. Methods : We collected self-evaluation reports from 12 KM institutions, and analyzed subjects regarding medical humanities and social medicine. The subjects' relevance with medical humanities was verified using the learning objectives of KOMEEI(Korea Oriental Medicine Education and Evaluation Institute). The number of relevant subjects, the credits and educational hours, and the time of opening, etc. were analysed. Results : 12 KM institutions provide 44 subjects as medical humanities and social medicine related subjects. Among them, 17 subjects were corresponded to the actual learning objective of medical humanities. These subjects account for an average of 7% in total curriculum. Most of the subjects are required courses for premedical students and the fourth year students of medical school. Conclusions : This paper suggests the public discussion on the learning objective and the categories of the medical humanities education in KM institutions. Further studies on developing the educational contents and evaluation tools are also needed to produce good doctors with ability and personality.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

this study examined the correlates of adult attachment focused on internal working models of 201 housewives. Findings indicated that 68.3% of subjects were classified as secure whereas 27.5% as avoidant and 4.2% as anxious. Greater security was associated with slightly less avoidance while greater anxiousness was associated with slightly greater avoidance. That is subjects who possessed more security tended to be less avoidant while subjects who possessed more anxiousness tended to be more avoidant. The primary characteristics classifying subjects into those three attachment styles were feelings about closeness dependence and anxiousness in relationships with others. Adult attachment was related in theoretically expected ways to one's history of attachment and parenting. Secure subjects were more likely to report warm/responsive parental caregiving style than insecure styles. Insecure subjects in comparison with secure subjects perceived their mothers as cold inconsistent and ot very responsive. Anxious subjects dscribed their fathers as cold and rejecting. The secure attachment style in comparsion with insecure styles was associated with positive mental models of self and social world indicating greater self-esteem positive beliefs about self and others positive relationships with their children greater marital satisfaction and greater secure attachment to their husbands. These results suggest that internal working model offers a useful perspective on adult attachment.