• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 2013

This study aims to explore scientific reasoning that students and their teachers constructed in elementary science classroom discourses in terms of basic reasoning types; deduction, induction, and abduction. For this research, data were collected from 13 classes of 4th grade science activities during a period of three months and analyzed three types of scientific reasoning in elementary school science discourses. We found that deduction (one discourse segment), induction (one discourse segment), and deduction-abduction (two discourse segments) were presented in the discourses. They showed that: first, scientific reasoning proceeded explicitly or implicitly in elementary science discourses; second, the students and their teachers have potentials to increase the quality of reasoning depending on their inter-subjectivity; and last, the students' background knowledge were very important in the development of their reasoning. Implication and remarks on science education and research were presented based on this results as well.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-99
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• 2000

This study was designed to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of an attitude on the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. Q-methodology was used as a research design and the research procedures were as follows. Q-sampling has been derived from the literature review and interview. Its credibility and validity were also tested by nursing professors. Total of 34 statements were selected. P-sampling has been drawn and 32 samples were selected. Based on 9 point scale. the selected respondents rated their operant definition on the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PCQ program. The attitude about the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image were analyzed based on the typical array. extreme comments. and the demographic information of study subjects. The results revealed that there were four types of attitude about the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. The four types were named as follows; 1) The first type. agree of problem-solving perspectives. was consisted of 8 subjects. They emphasized that the nurse should solve a patient's problem promptly and precisely for advancing nursing image. 2) The second type. agree of kindness perspectives. was consisted of 5 subjects. They insisted that the nurse should be kind to patient and his family for advancing nursing image. 3) The third type. agree of love and service perspectives. was consisted of 4 subjects. They emphasized nursing spirit based on love and service for advancing nursing image. 4) The fourth type. agree of professional knowledge perspectives. was consisted of 6 subjects. They emphasized that the nurse should construct of professional nursing knowledge for advancing nursing image. As a result. this study discovered three types of the degree of importance of professional nursing for advancing nursing image. By identifying the nature of each of four types. this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for advancing nursing image.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.514-524
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• 2018

This study applied Q methodology to consumers who have experience using food trucks to understand subjective perception of food truck customers. The purpose of this study is to characterize the perceptual structure of food truck customers, to describe characteristics of the types and to suggest some implications. The results of the type analysis are as follows. The first type (N = 10): Food truck zone accessibility preferred type, the second type (N = 8): Complex entertainment experience type, the third type (N = 9) = 3): Fast food preference type. Future research on food trucks, restaurants, and tourism will be based on a variety of literature and empirical studies, and will be revised and supplemented with more detailed Q methodological questions and analytical techniques to analyze the various opinions of respondents in a more concrete and objective manner.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2009

This study was designed to examine the use of housing in modern Korea, and to draw the interrelation of people and housing. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative research investigated various aspects of housing history among four individuals during the different phases of social and economic transitions. 4 narratives showed the unique characteristics of life history, and the findings indicated that the housing experiences were closely related to hometown, the relation to birth family at postmarriage, economic status, and the meaning of home. The main findings were as follows: the validity to select the interviewers was proved in that the selection was based on both housing structure type and ownership, and also the research indicated that economic status and housing structure type influenced the entire housing experience of each interviewee. The use of housing varied and the implications of housing lied in social and economic contexts. The use of housing, of which the term was contrived to alternatively described housing consumption modes, and chronology were affected by such individual factors as economic status, familiar relationships, residential location, the meaning and subjectivity of housing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.293-312
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• 1998

This study was designed to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of an attitude on the induced abortion before marriage in women for a university student. Q-methodology was used as a research design and the research procedures were as follows. Q-sampling has been derived from the literature review and interview. Its credibility and validity were also tested by nursing and methodology professors. Total of 34 statements were selected. P-sampling has been drawn and 49 samples were selected. Based on 9 point scale, the slected respondents rated their operant definition on the induced abortion before marriage in women. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PCQ program. The attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women were analyzed based on the typal array, extreme comments, and the demographic information of study subjects. The results revealed that there were three types of attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women. The three types were named as follows ; 1) The first type, agree of conservative perspectives, was consisted of 15 subjects. They emphasized the sanctity of human life and the right of life that will never allow the killing fetus and prevention of induced abortion. 2) The second type, agree of liberal perspectives, was consisted of 10 subjects. They insisted the right to choice for women to control their body, so women have appropriate reason, they could choice induced abortion. 3) The third type, agree of compromise perspectives, was consisted of 7 subjects. They emphasized prevention of induced abortion but allowed under social permission. As a result, this study discovered three types of the attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women. By identifying the nature of each of these types, this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for preventing induced abortion.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the aesthetic characteristics of outerization phenomenon of contemporary fashion. Outerization, transforming underwear as outerwear, is one of the most dominant and widespread fashion trends in the dawning of new millenium. Fashion always exists for living body and tributes to express idealized beauty of human body and aesthetics of the era. If so, exploring the formative expressions and aesthetic characteristics of outerization would be an meaningful guideline to deduce changed relationship between fashion and body of the 21st century. The methodology of this study is to research of fashion collections such as Paris, Milan and New York which were held the first decade of new millenium, from 2000 Spring/Summer to 2009 Spring/Summer. The styles expressing outerization were selected and assorted based on the main formative expression. Then the aesthetic characteristics were classified. The way of expression of outerization is categorized into 4 parts ; Transition, Exposure, Transparency, and Deconstruction. Aesthetic Characters of outerization is classified 4 assortments as well ; Eroticism, Fun with parody and kitch, cyber culture, Gender politics, and Power fetish. Eroticism is the most clearly identified one. Coming out of underwear imply naked body itself, so it has erotic appeal. Fun is the second character. A pleasant sensation from the outerization of undergarments maximizes a disposition of play from parody, kitch, and cyber culture. The third is Gender Politics and it introspects how the society consumes woman body in history and modern times. Power Fetish, the last one, speaks for the female body with changed vision for femininity underneath the sphere of influence of feminism and post modernism, then emphasizes the subjectivity and independence of woman. From the research above, this study will help to understand the overwhelming outerization phenomenon and contribute to expansion of the horizon of the study of fashion aesthetics. It will serve fashion creative source through various outerization cases as well.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.611-620
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the image of elementary school teachers on special class. The Q-methodology was used as a research method which is useful for analyzing subjectivity like as human value, attitude, belief and image. P-sample as subjects of this study was collected from 40 elementary school teacher in Busan. A data was analyzed using QUANL PC program. As a result of research, the image of elementary school teachers on special class was classified as 4 type. The 1 type was labeled the practical proponent type. The 1 type teachers highly estimate the educational importance of the special class and thought it as a place that educational possibility of children with disabilities can come true. The 2 type was labeled the passive bystander type. They are quite indifferent to the special class, and are skeptical about the educational achievement of children with disabilities. The 3 type was labeled the ideational positive type. They admit the importance of the special class, but thought that the image about the special class highly depends on the ability of the teachers who take responsibility for it. The 4 type was labeled the realistic opponent. They criticize the special class for not being the place that inclusion education for children with disabilities comes true and they are dissatisfied with the fact that ordered-curriculum for children with disabilities isn't applied at all.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.75-85
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• 2015

Recently deformed or destroyed of soundproof wall by local winds and typhoon has increased. This research proposed the estimation method of the design wind load of soundproof wall using spatial information analysis based on 1:5,000 digital map and performed comparative analysis with actual application cases. According to the result of quantitative evaluation using GIS, the surface roughness in the downtown area packed with buildings was III and the surface roughness in the suburban district with a relatively small number of buildings was II and the surface roughness in the district packed with open areas and typical farmhouses was I. This shows that the wind load of the soundproof walls reflecting the actual surface conditions was estimated. If the quantitative GIS analysis presented in this study is applied to wind-resistant design of soundproof walls, it is supposed that this will be helpful in more rational wind-resistant design by remedying the existing problem in which the wind load varies depending on designer's subjectivity.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.142
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• pp.121-143
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• 2017

This research aims at examining two classist theories of the subject, elaborated by Negri-Hardt and $Ranci{\grave{e}}re$. Negri-Hardt proposed a new subject of the multitude, established by immaterial/biopolitical labor. This subject marks a new constitution of the proletariat which is the subject of Marxist politics. Like the proletariat, the multitude is established by economic objectivity. The democracy of the multitude becomes possible through the production of the 'common'. Economical elements always dominate the subject itself and subjective politics. The subject of the demos, established by Ranciere, is a party which claims its share in the dominating order of power. It is a subject subtracted from the logic of domination. The demos, therefore, is the subject which is constituted at the moment of the refusal of the established order and the place distributed. This refusal means a kind of subjectivity that transforms the dominating order. Then we take demos as the proper political subject subtracted from economical objectivity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.404-412
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• 2021

This study was conducted by using the Q research method, one of the qualitative analysis methods, in order to approach consumers' perceptions of processed meat food in an essential and in-depth approach. To this end, Q-sort, which goes through the task of distributing responses by setting P samples by creating a question-and-answer table of positive and negative, was analyzed by using the PC QUANL program and analyzing the Q factor. As a result of the analysis, it was divided into three single types. Type 1 (N= 10) : Preferred types of processed meat food, Type 2 (N= 7) : Types of Pursuing Functionality of Processed Meat Food, Type 3 (N= 4) : The name of the factor was set as the non-preferred type of processed meat food. Each type has different characteristics, and the subjective perception of each factor detected through this analysis can be used as various basic research data in the future, and for the purpose of the study, the perceptions of consumers who use processed meat foods were classified and classified by type. It is to suggest future improvement directions by checking the characteristics of the variables.