• 제목/요약/키워드: subacute exposure

검색결과 27건 처리시간 0.027초

Subacute Nicotine Exposure in Cultured Cerebellar Cells Increased the Release and Uptake of Glutamate

  • Lim, Dong-Koo;Park, Sun-Hee;Choi, Woo-Jeoung
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.488-494
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    • 2000
  • Cerebellar granule and glial cells prepared from 7 day-old rat pups were used to investigate the effects of sub-acute nicotine exposure on the glutamatergic nervous system. These cells were exposed to nicotine in various concentrations for 2 to 10 days in situ. Nicotine-exposure did not result in any changes in cerebellar granule and glial cell viability at concentrations of up to 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$. In cerebellar granule cells, the basal extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and glycine were enhanced in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. In addition, the responses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced glutamate release were enhanced at low NMDA concentrations in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. However, this decreased at higher NMDA concentrations. The glutaminase activity was increased after nicotine exposure. In cerebellar glial cells, glutamate uptake in the nicotine-exposed glial cells were either increased at low nicotine exposure levels or decreased at higher levels. The inhibition of glutamate uptake by L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) was lower in glial cells exposed to 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ nicotine. Glutamine synthetase activity was lower in glial cells exposed to 100 or 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of nicotine. These results indicate that the properties of cerebellar granule and glial cells may alter after subacute nicotine exposure. Furthermore, they suggest that nicotine exposure during development may modulate glutamatergic nervous activity.

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Mancozeb의 아급성 노출이 마우스의 면역병리학적 인자 및 비장세포 증식능에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Subacute Oral Administration of Mancozeb on the Immunopathological Parameters and Splenocytes Proliferation in Mice)

  • 표명윤;정애희
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2004
  • Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter. After female ICR mice were treated Mancozeb orally at the doses of 250, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 30 day, we investigated the effects of Mancozeb on the immunopathological parameters (body-, thymus-, spleen-, liver- and kidny-weight, splenic cellularity, hematological parameters) and mitogen (Con A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP). Liver- and kidney- weight were increased, but body- and thymus-weight, number of splenocytes and WBC were decreased, when compared with control group. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to Mancozeb for 30 days were cultured in presence of mitogens, the SP against Con A was significantly and dose-dependently decreased and the SP against LPS was also slightly decreased. Our present results indicate that subacute exposure of Mancozeb to mice might show immunotoxic effect.

Subacute Inhalation Toxicity of 3-Methylpentane

  • Chung, Yong Hyun;Shin, Seo-Ho;Han, Jeong Hee;Lee, Yong-Hoon
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2016
  • 3-Methylpentane ($C_6H_{14}$, CAS No. 96-14-0), isomer of hexane, is a colorless liquid originating naturally from petroleum or natural gas liquids. 3-Methylpentane has been used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant, and as a raw material for producing carbon black. There is limited information available on the inhalation toxicity of 3-methylpentane, and the aim of this study was to determine its subacute inhalation toxicity. According to OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study), Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 284, 1,135, and 4,540 ppm of 3-methylpentane for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, and gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and all exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No gross or histopathological lesions, or adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weights were observed in any male or female rats in all exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in food consumption, serum chemistry, and organ weights. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for 3-methylpentane above 4,540 ppm/6 hr/day, 5 days/week for rats.

Subacute Inhalation Toxicity of Cyclohexanone in B6C3F1 Mice

  • Lee, Yong-Hoon;Chung, Yong Hyun;Kim, Hyeon-Yeong;Shin, Seo Ho;Lee, Sang Bae
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 2018
  • Cyclohexanone ($C_6H_{10}O$, CAS No. 108-94-1) is a colorless oily liquid obtained through the oxidation of cyclohexane or dehydrogenation of phenol. It is used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealant chemicals, agricultural chemicals, paint and coating additives, solvent, electrical and electronic products, paints and coatings, photographic supplies, film, photochemicals, and as an intermediate in nylon production. Owing to the lack of information on repeated inhalation toxicity of cyclohexaone, in this study, we aimed to characterize the subacute inhalation toxicity. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 150, and 250 ppm of cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation in accordance with the OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study). Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings were evaluated between the control and exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weights, gross or histopathological lesions were observed in any male or female mice in any of the exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in organ weights. We concluded that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) is above 250 ppm in mice exposed to cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day for 5 days/week.

Bisphenol A-induced overall immune downregulation in mice

  • Byun, Jung-A;Pyo, Myoung-Yun
    • 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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    • pp.118.2-119
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    • 2003
  • This study was undertaken to assess overall effects of bisphenol A, a monomer widely used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resin, exposure on immune system of mice. For in vitro evaluation, serial concentration of SPA was added into culture of various immune cells from normal female ICR mice, and for in vivo or ex vivo assessment, mice were orally exposed to BPA dissolved in olive oil as doses of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/g b.w. for acute expose or 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day b.w. 5days a week for subacute exposure. (omitted)

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아급성흡입독성시험을 이용한 3-Methylpentane의 GHS 분류·표시 (A Study on GHS Classification of 3-Methylpentane by Subacute Inhalation Toxicity)

  • 정용현;한정희;신서호
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.6-17
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 3-methylpentane에 대한 흡입유해성을 평가하여 국제연합에서 정하는 화학물질의 분류 및 표지에 관한 세계조화시스템(Globally harmonized system, GHS)지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호에 따른 3-methylpentane의 화학물질 분류 표시 자료를 생산하기 위하여 OECD 화학물질 시험가이드라인 아급성흡입독성시험 TG 412(Subacute inhalation toxicity) 시험법에 따라 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 6주령의 랫드(Rat)를 도입하여 1주간 순화시킨 후 암수 각각 대조군 5마리, 저농도군(284 ppm) 5마리, 중농도군(1,135 ppm) 5마리, 고농도군(4,540 ppm) 5마리 등으로 군을 구성하여 일일 6시간, 주 5일, 4주 동안 시험물질을 랫드에 전신으로 노출시켰다. 시험물질 노출을 종료하고 2주 후 시험동물을 희생하여 시험물질에 의한 시험동물의 영향을 평가하였다. 사료섭취량 변화, 체중 변화, 임상관찰, 혈액검사, 부검 소견, 장기무게 측정, 조직병리검사 등 모든 시험결과에서 시험물질에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않아 3-methylpentane의 무유해영향농도는 암수 모두 4,540 ppm이상으로 판단되어 세계조화시스템(GHS) 지침 및 고용노동부고시 제2013-37호(화학물질의 분류 표시 및 물질안전보건에 관한 기준)의 특정표적장기독성(반복노출) 구분 표시 물질에 해당하지 않은 물질로 판단되었다.

Changes of serum immunoglobulin in the subacute oral administration of Mancozeb

  • Chung, Ae-Hee;Pyo, Myoung-Yun
    • 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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    • pp.280.1-280.1
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    • 2002
  • Mancozeb. a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylean bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC). is used widely in agriculture as fungicides. and herbicides. Macozeb has been reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on immunoglobulin production. (omitted)

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Mancozeb이 마우스 비장세포의 IFN-$\gamma$생성능에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Mancozeb on IFN-$\gamma$Production of Mice Splenocytes)

  • 표명윤;정애희
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.243-248
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    • 2005
  • Mancozeb (MCZ), a polymeric complex of zinr and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate, is widely used in agriculture as fungicidel, insecticides, and herbicides. MCZ can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to have detrimental effects on the reproductive system, but the toxicity of MCZ on immune responses has not been systematically investigated. We investigated the effects of MCZ exposure on the activities of murine splenocytes through evaluation of splenocytes cellularity and INF-$\gamma$ synthesis. Splenocytes were examned ex vivo from mice orally treated with various doEes of MCZ for 1 day (acute exposure, 2,100, 5,000, 10,000 mg/kg) or ior 5 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks (subacute exposure,250, 1,000, 1,500 mg/kg/day) fellowed by culture for 2 days in the presence of Con A or PHA plus IL-2. Splenocytes Iron naive mice were cultured with various concentration of MCZ (50, 500, 1,000 ng/ml) in the presence of Con A or PHA plus IL-2 for 2 days in vitro. IFN-$\gamma$ production was decreased with the in vitro exposure to all concentration of MCZ. The spleen cellularity and IFN -$\gamma$ production by splenocytes from MCZ -acutely and - subacutely exposured mice were decreased in comparision with that oi control group.

마우스에서 Bisphenol A의 아급성노출이 IgM-PFC형성능과 비장세포 증식능에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Subacute Oral Administration of Bisphenol A on the IgM-PFC and Proliferation of Splenocytes in Mice)

  • 변정아;표명윤
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.231-235
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    • 2003
  • To determine whether or not bisphenol A affects the Immune system, female ICR mice were treated bisphenol A (BPA) orally at the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Four days before enumerating Plaque -forming cells (PFCs) mice were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The spleen cellularity and PFC/spleen were significantly reduced by 30-day exposure to BPA (1,000 mg/kg/day), but the PFC/10$\^$6/ spleen cells was slightly decreased.. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to BPA for 30 days were cultured in the presence of LPS, Con A or PHA with IL-2, the lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo was not significantly suppressed by BPA. Our present results indicated that 30-day exposure of mice to BPA might have mild immunotoxic potential.

Effects of Mancozeb on cell-mediated immunity in mice.

  • Chung, Ae-Hee;Pyo, Myoung-Yun
    • 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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    • pp.114.1-114.1
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    • 2003
  • Mancozeb is a protective fungicide on plants and a polymeric complex of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate manganese with zinc salt. It is reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect in laboratory animals. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on cell-mediated immunity in mice. For ex vivo assessment, mice were orally exposed to Mancozeb dissolved in distilled water as concentrations of 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 mg/kg for single occasion (acute exposure) or 250, 1,000, 1,500 mg/kg/day 5 days a week for 30days(subacute). (omitted)

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