• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2022

This study was performed to develop a K_diet-index based on the definitions and characteristics of traditional Korean food. The Korean Food Pattern Index (K_diet-index) for diseases was applied using dietary data from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the association between K_diet-index and metabolic disease was confirmed. The study subjects were 1,971 Korean adults aged >40, and the components were classified according to 14 criteria used to establish the K_diet-index. Main ingredients up to the top 3 were designated using dish names, ingredients, and contents using KNHANES dietary data. K_diet-index was classified using scores of ≤3 points, 4-7 points, and ≥8 points and total K_diet-index were calculated by summing dietary scores. Correlations between K_diet-index and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for obesity were 0.531, 0.385~0.732 and for elevated cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) indices were 0.471, 0.282~0.788, respectively, which showed a significant decreased in the risk for each disease for K_diet-index of ≥8 points. This study confirms that metabolically related clinical results improved significantly as K_diet-index increased and that higher Korean food pattern indices are associated with lower risks of metabolic disease

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2020

Calocybe indica is an edible mushroom commercially cultivated in India and other tropical countries. In this study, the culture characteristics and optimal conditions of milky mushroom strains were determined. The growth temperature and pH range of milky mushrooms was extensively investigated between 15-35 ℃ and pH 3-11. For efficient cultivation, 20 types of nutrient sources were selected that consisted of one of 21 types of carbon sources, 6 organic nitrogen sources, 6 inorganic nitrogen sources, 13 amino acids, 6 organic acids and 12 inorganic salts. The impact of each of the selected nutrition sources and their concentration on growth was investigated. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be pH 6.0 and 15 ℃, respectively. The optimum concentration of medium elements for the mycelial growth of C. indica was determined to be as follows: carbon source, 2% maltose; organic nitrogen source, 1% yeast extract; inorganic nitrogen source, 0.1% NaNO₃; amino acid, 0.7% asparagine; organic acid, 0.07% acetic acid; inorganic salt, 0.07 mM MnSO₄.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2021

The development of bioenergy through biomass has gained importance due to the increasing rates of fossil fuel depletion. Biomass is important to increase the productivity of bioethanol, and production of biomass with high biomass productivity, low lignin content, and high cellulose content is also important in this regard. Inorganic salts are important in the cultivation of biomass crops for the production of biomass with desirable characteristics. In this study, the roles of various inorganic salts in biomass and bioethanol production were investigated using an in vitro tobacco culture system. The inorganic salts evaluated in this study showed dramatic effects on tobacco plant growth. For example, H₂PO₄ substantially improved plant growth and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio. The chemical compositions of tobacco plants grown in media after removal of various inorganic salts also showed significant differences; for example, lignin content was high after Mg²⁺ removal treatment and low after K⁺ treatment and H₂PO₄ removal treatment. On the other hand, NO₃^- and H₂PO₄ treatments yielded the highest cellulose content, while enzymatic hydrolysis yielded the highest glucose concentration ratio 24 h after NH₄⁺ removal treatment. The ethanol productivity after H₂PO₄ removal treatment was 3.95% (w/v) 24 h after fermentation and 3.75% (w/v) after 36 h. These results can be used as the basis for producing high-quality biomass for future bioethanol production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.540-546
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the changes in the vitamin B₅ content of raw and cooked vegetables. The nineteen vegetables were subjected to different cooking methods, viz. blanching, boiling, pan-broiling, and steaming. Vitamin B₅ was quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using photodiode-array (PDA) detection (200 nm). The standard reference materials (SRM) were used to validate the accuracy of vitamin B₅ measurement method used in this study. The cooking yields ranged from 82.63 to 107.62% and decreased in most of the vegetables except bitter melon, curled mallow, and eggplant. The raw kabocha squash, Danhobak, had the highest vitamin B₅ content (0.671 mg/100 g) among the samples. All cooked vegetables showed lower vitamin B₅ content compared to the raw samples. The true retention ranged from 0% (crown daisy, blanching) to 84.49% (kabocha squash, steaming). These results indicate that vitamin B₅ is degraded after cooking. Pan-broiling and steaming are better cooking methods than the others for retaining vitamin B₅. The true retention of vitamin B₅ in the samples markedly depends on the cooking method and food matrix. These results can be used as important basic data for nutritional evaluation of meals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1928-1935
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• 2015

Microbial growth kinetics is often used to optimize environmental processes owing to its relation to the breakdown of substrate (contaminants). However, the quantification of bacterial populations in the environment is difficult owing to the challenges of monitoring a specific bacterial population within a diverse microbial community. Conventional methods are unable to detect and quantify the growth of individual strains separately in the mixed culture reactor. This work describes a novel quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based genomic approach to quantify each species in mixed culture and interpret its growth kinetics in the mixed system. Batch experiments were performed for both single and dual cultures of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli K12 to obtain Monod kinetic parameters (μ_max and K_s). The growth curves and kinetics obtained by conventional methods (i.e., dry weight measurement and absorbance reading) were compared with that obtained by qPCR assay. We anticipate that the adoption of this qPCR-based genomic assay can contribute significantly to traditional microbial kinetics, modeling practice, and the operation of bioreactors, where handling of complex mixed cultures is required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2020

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine for APP is necessary. Here, we optimized the culture medium and conditions to enhance the production yields of Apx toxins in APP serotype 1, 2, and 5 cultures. The use of Mycoplasma Broth Base (PPLO) medium improved both the quantity and quality of the harvested Apx toxins compared with Columbia Broth medium. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was first demonstrated as a stimulation factor for the production of Apx toxins in APP serotype 2 cultures. Cultivation of APP serotype 2 in PPLO medium supplemented with 10 ㎍/ml of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and 20 mM CaCl₂ yielded the highest levels of Apx toxins. These findings suggest that the optimization of the culture medium and conditions increases the concentration of Apx toxins in the supernatants of APP serotype 1, 2, and 5 cultures and may be applied for the development of vaccines against APP infection.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.416-429
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• 2011

Most of precedent studies related to hip hop culture and fashion, which have been conducted till now were progressed under only theoretical background of hiphop, not the changed status of hiphop currently. Practical studies explaining the status of hip hop in popular culture, especially, the area of popular fashion are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted by focusing on cultural characteristics and musical characteristics by the stream of period, for which concept hip hop is accepted to people currently and which effect it makes on the area of fashion. Especially, the study was progressed by dividing periodical background into before and after the 2000s because there was the most noticeable change for the genre of hip hop in that period. Because of the appearance of 'Alternative hip hop' which is a sub-genre of hip hop music, hip hop music was changed to be more popular. Also, hip hop fashion also showed big changes. Hip hop fashion before 2000s had showed poor conditions, resistance, complex and alienation of them by their fashion. On the other hand, hip hop fashion after 2000s also showed popular characteristics because of high-level environment and social status. This study intended to understand and grasp hip hop as a kind of cultural situation coexisted by many-sided characteristics as well as redefine the changed concept and contents of new hip hop currently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2003

It is an important means of expressing oneself and is affected by the social and cultural environment, too. People are creating another new lower culture, it's Sub Culture, that is, their own unique new fashion through the coordination status of a lower culture and its components to reveal the visual symbol of such garments and body decorations most clearly. The Punk formed as an reaction to 1960's hippie appeared as the most unpleasant image to the established generations with their ultimate resisting action and new aesthetic-consciousness. Their coordination by the use of the disorder and stimulative tool which gives abhorrence appears again as Cyber Punk being influenced by optical art and multimedia in '90s. It can be seen that the form of lower culture mentioned above became a storehouse of new fashion creation through the most nuclear role of lower culture and the unique characteristic coordination by age and that each lower culture fashion can become a style icon of new fashion through free coordination.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO₂ conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a coadjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nutrient solution strength on growth and nutrient element concentrations in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Dduksum') by hydroponic culture under fluorescent lamp and LED. Leaf lettuce were grown in closed hydroponic cultivation systems supplied with 1/2, 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution recommended by horticultural experiment station in Japan. The growth of 'Dduksum' was highest in the 2 strength of standard nutrient solution. The amount of nutrient element in the recycled nutrient solution was higher at 2, 1 and 1/2 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of NO₃-N, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the recycled nutrient solutions increased in 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution but that of NH₄-N decreased gradually in 1/2 and 1 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg in leaf lettuce was maintained in the normal range, whereas the concentration of phosphorous was 1.3 to 1.6%, which was higher than proper range. As the concentration of NH₄-N decreases gradually in all the treatments, it is necessary to raise the rate of NH₄-N or add it.