• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.953-960
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• 2020

본 논문은 회전익기용 엔진 감속기 주 기어열의 기어 웹 형상 최적화에 대해 기술하였다. 최적화 목표는 총중량, 전달 오차, 정렬 오차, 치면 하중 분포 계수 값의 최소화로 설정하였으며, 기어의 웹 두께, 웹과 축의 연결 위치, 웹과 림의 연결 위치를 설계변수로 선정하였다. 최적화 과정에서 기어의 웹, 축, 림은 3D 캐드 모델로부터 유한요소 모델로 변환되었으며, 기어 해석 프로그램 MASTA에 입력되었다. 최적화 알고리즘은 NSGA-II를 사용하였다. 최적화 결과 주 기어열의 총중량, 전달 오차, 정렬 오차, 치면 하중 분포 계수 값은 모두 감소하였으며, 최대 응력도 안전한 수준으로 나타나서 전반적으로 기어 성능이 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2021

Historical records of earthquakes are generally used as a basis to extrapolate the instrumental earthquake catalog in time and space during the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). However, the historical catalogs' input parameters determined through historical descriptions rather than any quantitative measurements are accompanied by considerable uncertainty in PSHA. Therefore, quantitative assessment to verify the historical earthquake parameters is essential for refining the reliability of PSHA. This study presents an approach and its application to constrain reliable ranges of the magnitude and corresponding epicenter of historical earthquakes. First, ranges rather than specific values of ground motion intensities are estimated at multiple locations with distances between each other for selected historical earthquakes by reviewing observed co-seismic natural phenomena, structural damage levels, or felt areas described in their historical records. Based on specific objective criteria, this study selects only one earthquake (July 24, 1643), which is potentially one of the largest historical earthquakes. Then, ground motion simulations are performed for sufficiently broadly distributed epicenters, with a regular grid to prevent one from relying on strong assumptions. Calculated peak ground accelerations and velocities in areas with the historical descriptions on corresponding earthquakes are converted to intensities with an empirical ground motion-intensity conversion equation to compare them with historical descriptions. For the ground motion simulation, ground motion prediction equations and a frequency-wavenumber method are used to consider the effects of possible source mechanisms and stress drop. From these quantitative calculations, reliable ranges of epicenters and magnitudes and the trade-off between them are inferred for the earthquake that can conservatively match the upper and lower boundaries of intensity values from historical descriptions.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

In this study, direct numerical and large eddy simulations of transitional flows around studs were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of turbulence stimulators at very low speeds for the minimum propulsion power condition of four knots. For simplicity, the studs were assumed to be installed on a flat plate, while the wake was observed up to 0.23 m downstream behind the second stud. For applicability to a model ship, we also studied the flow characteristics behind the first and second studs installed on a curved plate, which was designed to describe the geometry of a bulbous bow. A laminar-to-turbulent transition was observed in the wake at Re_D ≥ 921 (U_∞≥0.290 m/s), and the wall shear stress at Re_D = 1162 (U_∞ = 0.366 m/s) in the second wake was similar to that of the fully developed turbulent boundary layer after a laminar-to-turbulent transition in the first wake. At Re_D = 581 (U_∞ = 0.183 m/s), no turbulence was stimulated in the wake behind the first and second studs on the flat plate, while a cluster of vortical structures was observed in the first wake over the curved plate. However, a cluster of vortical structures was revealed to be generated by the reattachment process of the separated shear layer, which was disturbed by the first stud rather than directly initiated by the first stud. It was quite different from a typical process of transition, which was observed at relatively high Re_D that the spanwise scope of the turbulent vortical structures expanded gradually as it went downstream.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 국내 지진모의시험 수행 시 모래지반의 모사를 위해 국내에서 널리 이용되는 지반재료인 인공규사를 대상으로 상대밀도 차이에 따른 진동삼축시험을 수행하여 인공규사의 동적특성 및 액상화 저항특성을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 상대밀도 조건을 40%, 60%, 80%로 달리한 시험결과를 통해 상대밀도에 따른 액상화 저항특성을 확인하였으며, 액상화 진동저항응력비(Cyclic resistance stress ratio, CRR) 산정 곡선을 도시하였다. 또한, 액상화 진동저항응력비(CRR) 산정곡선의 타당성을 검토하기 위해 실내진동삼축시험에 사용된 규사로 이루어진 인공지반을 조성한 후, 간편예측법과 상세예측법을 통한 액상화 평가를 수행하여 각각의 안전율을 비교·검토하였다. 최종적으로, 상대밀도를 달리한 실험을 통해 인공규사의 동적물성을 파악하여 결과를 도출하였으며, 이 결과를 물성치로 적용한 상대밀도 40% 간편예측법은 안전율이 1로 안전한 지반으로 도출된 반면 상세예측법은 0.05작은 값으로 결과가 도출되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.144-159
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 지반의 열-수리-역학적 복합거동을 모델링하기 위한 순차적 접근법 기반의 시뮬레이터를 개발하고 적용된 연계해석 알고리즘의 계산성능을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 순차적 연계해석에서는 다공성 매질의 열 및 유체거동 분석을 위한 오픈소스 기반의 OpenGeoSys 수치코드와 역학해석을 위한 상용 소프트웨어 FLAC3D가 연동되었다. 해석해가 주어진 열-수리-역학적 복합거동 문제를 토대로 개발된 시뮬레이터에 대한 벤치마크 테스트가 수행되었다. 적용된 벤치마크 문제는 완전포화된 지반 내 점열원 작용 시 지반거동(시간에 따른 온도, 간극수압, 응력, 변형 변화)과 관계된다. 해석해와 수치해석 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교 분석하고 연계해석 시뮬레이터의 적정성을 조사하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2021

Rib spalling is a major issue affecting the safety of steeply inclined coal seam. And the failure coal face and support system can be affected with each other to generate a vicious cycle along with inducing large-scale collapse of surrounding rock in steeply inclined coal seam. In order to analyze failure mechanism and propose the corresponding prominent control measures of steeply inclined coal working face, mechanical model based on coal face-support-roof system and mechanical model of coal face failure was established to reveal the disaster mechanism of rib spalling and the sensitive analysis of related factors was performed. Furthermore, taking 3402 working face of Chen-man-zhuang coal mine as engineering background, numerical model by using FLAC3D was built to illustrate the propagation of displacement and stress fields in steeply inclined coal seam and verify the theory analysis as mentioned in this study. The results show that the coal face slide body in steeply inclined working face can be observed as the failure height of upper layer smaller than that of lower layer exhibiting with an irregular quadrilateral pyramid shape. Moreover, the cracks were originated from the upper layer of sliding body and gradually developed to the lower layer causing the final rib spalling. The influence factors on the stability of coal face can be ranked as overlying strata pressure (P) > mechanical parameters of coal body (e.g., cohesion (c), internal fraction angle (φ)) > support strength (F) > the support force of protecting piece (F') > the false angle of working face (Θ). Moreover, the corresponding control measures to maintain the stability of the coal face in the steeply inclined working face were proposed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2022

Tall buildings are often subjected to steady and unsteady forces due to external wind flows. Measurement and mitigation of these forces becomes critical to structural design in engineering applications. Over the last few decades, many approaches such as modification of the external geometry of structures have been investigated to mitigate wind-induced load. One such proven geometric modification involved the rounding of sharp corners. In this work, we systematically analyze the impact of rounded corner radii on the reducing the flow-induced loading on a square cylinder. We perform 3-Dimensional (3D) simulations for high Reynolds number flows (Re=1 × 105) which are more likely to be encountered in practical applications. An Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) method capable of capturing flow accurately at large Reynolds numbers is employed in this study. The IDDES formulation uses a k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) model for near-wall modelling that prevents mesh-induced separation of the boundary layer. The effects of these corner modifications are analyzed in terms of the resulting variations in the mean and fluctuating components of the aerodynamic forces compared to a square cylinder with no geometric changes. Plots of the angular distribution of the mean and fluctuating coefficient of pressure along the square cylinder's surface illustrate the effects of corner modifications on the different parts of the cylinder. The windward corner's separation angle was observed to decrease with an increase in radius, resulting in a narrower and longer recirculation region. Furthermore, with an increase in radius, a reduction in the fluctuating lift, mean drag, and fluctuating drag coefficients has been observed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.411-434
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• 2022

사용후핵연료의 심층처분 개념에서 근계영역 암반은 열-수리-역학적 복합거동을 하게 되는 것으로 잘 알려져있다. 이러한 복합거동 과정에서 암석의 여러 물성들은 변화하는데, 이러한 물성변화를 합리적으로 반영하는 경우 고준위방사성폐기물 처분장의 장기안정성의 평가를 위해 활용되는 해석 및 현장시험의 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 기술보고에서는 암석의 열-수리-역학적 간접복합거동에 관한 국내외 연구사례를 조사하고 분석하였다. 특히, 간접복합거동의 대표적인 사례 중 지하수에 의한 포화 및 온도 증가에 따른 암석의 여러 물성 변화, 응력 변화에 의한 투수계수 변화를 중점적으로 조사·요약하였다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.94-107
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• 2022

Accidents prevention and mitigation is the highest priority of nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, particularly in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi accident, which has reignited public anxieties and skepticism regarding nuclear energy usage. To deal with accident scenarios more effectively, operators must have ample and precise information about key safety parameters as well as their future trajectories. This work investigates the potential of machine learning in forecasting NPP response in real-time to provide an additional validation method and help reduce human error, especially in accident situations where operators are under a lot of stress. First, a base-case SGTR simulation is carried out by the best-estimate code RELAP5/MOD3.4 to confirm the validity of the model against results reported in the APR1400 Design Control Document (DCD). Then, uncertainty quantification is performed by coupling RELAP5/MOD3.4 and the statistical tool DAKOTA to generate a large enough dataset for the construction and training of neural-based machine learning (ML) models, namely LSTM, GRU, and hybrid CNN-LSTM. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of these models in forecasting system response are tested by their performance on fresh data. To facilitate and oversee the process of developing the ML models, a Systems Engineering (SE) methodology is used to ensure that the work is consistently in line with the originating mission statement and that the findings obtained at each subsequent phase are valid.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This work elaborately investigates the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the suspended monorail vehicle-guideway system (SMVGS). Firstly, a spatial dynamic analysis model of the SMVGS is established by adopting ANSYS parameter design language. Then, the dynamic interaction between a vehicle with maximum design load and guideway is investigated by numerical simulation and field tests, revealing the vehicle-guideway dynamic features. Subsequently, the influences of the guideway geometry parameters and track irregularity on the dynamic performances of the SMVGS are analyzed and discussed in detail, and the reasonable ranges of several key geometry parameters of the guideway are also obtained. Results show that the vehicle-guideway dynamic responses change nonlinearly with an increase of the guideway span, and especially the guideway dynamic performances can be effectively improved by reducing the guideway span; based on a comprehensive consideration of all performance indices of the SMVGS, the deflection-span ratio of the suspended monorail guideway is finally recommended to be 1/1054~1/868. The train load could cause a large bending deformation of the pier, which would intensify the car-body lateral displacement and decrease the vehicle riding comfort; to well limit the bending deformation of the pier, its cross-section dimension is suggested to be more than 0.8 m×0.8 m. The addition of the track irregularity amplitude has small influences on the displacements and stress of the guideway; however, it would significantly increase the vehicle-guideway vibrations and rate of load reduction of the driving tyre.