• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an Oriental self-help group program on living-alone elders in rural areas. Method: A one-group pretest-post test design was used. The subjects of the experimental group participated in the oriental self-help program, health education, feet bathing in hot water, cupping therapy, and foot-reflexology. The obtained data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Pearson correlation coefficients of SPSS. Results: 1) The level of blood triglyceride, SGOT and glucose decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 2) The scores of depression and stress decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) The score of Yangsaeng increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. 4) Depression was higher when the score of stress was high, and the score of depression and stress were lower when the score of Yangsaeng was high. Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, the program is effective in improving physiological indexespartially,emotionalindexesand Yangsaeng. Therefore this program can be implemented as a community-based self-help group program for living-alone elders in rural areas.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated factors influencing the xerostomia symptoms in the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods: Eighty-six participants over the age of twenty were randomly enrolled from patients with TMDs. The patients were diagnosed by Diagnostic Criteria-TMD (DC-TMD). Intensity of the pain and level of stress of the patients were recorded using TMD pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and stress VAS, respectively. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R), dry mouth symptom questionnaire, unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) and oral moisture were measured. Results: The patients who had above the mean of the TMD pain VAS had significantly higher scores on the stress VAS, subjective dry mouth symptoms and T-score of somatization. The patients who suffered from pain more than three months had significantly higher TMD pain VAS, subjective dry mouth symptoms and T-score of somatization. There were no significant differences in xerostomic symptoms according to the diagnosis of TMDs. Moreover, TMD pain VAS and the stress VAS did not correlated to USFR and oral moisture. Conclusions: The level of individuals' TMD pain and stress significantly affect their subjective dry mouth symptoms, however, it did not affect USFR and oral moisture.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of aroma foot bath on urination status (Prostatic Symptom and bother score due to urinary symptoms) and stress related to urination in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: This study consists of pre- and post-tests in a non-equivalent group design. The 52 BPH patients selected by random sampling in G City were assigned to two groups (experimental group=26, control group=26). Data of their general characteristics, urination status and stress related to urination were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Aroma Foot Bath was performed to the experimental group for 15-20 minutes every day for a week. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used for the analyses in this study with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 version program. Results: Prostatic symptom and bother score due to urinary symptoms in the experimental group were improved than those in the control group (t=-7.94, p<.001). Compared to the control group, the stress related to urination in the experimental group (t=-8.78, p<.001) was significantly reduced (t=-5.21, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that aroma foot bath is effective in improving urination status and reducing stress related to urination in BPH patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2009

Objectives : We investigated the parenting stress and depressive mood of mothers with developmentally-delayed children and the effects of participation in a mother-child development promotion program on same. Methods : Subjects were the mothers of 20 developmentally-delayed children. The severity of the mothers' parenting stress was evaluated via the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index, Short Form (K-PSI-SF) and the severity of their depressive symptoms were evalueted by the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI). Results : The mean K-PSI-SF score and mean K-BDI score for these mothers were 93.35 (SD=10.47) and 23.25 (SD=10.42), respectively. These scores correspond to high parenting stress and moderate depression. The mothers who participated in a mother-child attachment- promotion program showed significant decreases in their K-PSI-SF and KBDI scores. Conclusion : Our data suggest that a mother-child attachment promotion program with emphasis on child development is effective in reducing parenting stress and depressive mood in mothers of developmentally-delayed children.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore job stress, job satisfaction and their relationship among Workers' Compensation Case Managers. Method: 137 Workers' Compensation Case Managers (89 case workers and 48 nurses) responded to a self-administered questionnaire. The data were collected in october, 2006 and analyzed using t-test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Result: The mean score of job stress of nurses was 2.60 which was higher than that of the Korean female workers'. The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.30. The significant inverse correlation between job stress and job satisfaction was found (P<.01). In regard to the 7 items, the significant inverse correlations were found in lack of reward, interpersonal conflict, organizational system, insufficient job control, and occupational environment. Conclusion: The result indicated that the Workers' Compensation Case Managers have higher occupational stress and lower job satisfaction. To improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to reinforce reward, organizational system, job autonomy, and cooperative occupational environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare the effects of abdominal aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in college women with functional constipation. Methods: The participants were 38 college women, 18 were in the aroma group and 20 in the meridian group. The aroma massage was given using aroma oil which was a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosemary, and cyprus. The meridian massage was given at 9 accupoints which influence intestinal functions. The treatment was given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. A constipation severity score, weekly defecation frequency, and a stress response score were measured before and every week of 4 weeks of the experiment. Results: While there was no significant difference between two groups, there was a significant difference within the groups in the constipation severity (aroma group: 1st week, meridian group: except 4th week), defecation frequency (aroma group: 3rd week, meridian group: 2nd and 3rd week), and stress (aroma group: all weeks, meridian group: except 4th week) after different duration of experiment. Conclusion: Based on these results, both abdominal massages relieved constipation and stress. Resorting to either types of massage will contribute to the reduction of use of stool softeners, suppositories, or enemas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to assess the degree of association between individual stress and the amount of smoking among male senior students of a medical college. The questionnaire survey was conducted twice for collecting the data on stress level in terms of BEPSI score, smoking amounts, alcohol intake, and residence type in 1992 and 1993. Among the 223 responders, 39.9% were smokers. In the smokers, the association between stress level and smoking amount was significant after controlling for alcohol intake and residence type (p<0.1). Especially in the group of living without family, the association was more significant (p=0.06). Therefore, it is recommendable that the stress management program is called upon for the student smokers to reduce smoking amount.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between nurses' compliance with safety guidelines for the use of antineoplastic agents, observable symptoms, and stress from occupational exposure. Methods: The participants were 172 nurses from six general hospitals in a metropolitan area. They had administered antineoplastic agents at least three months prior to the study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, and then analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff\acute{e}$ method, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average score on the guideline for safety compliance was 87.75 points out of a total of 100. The average score for observable symptoms of exposure to antineoplastic agents was 30.12 (28~56) points, and that for mean stress was 33.52 (15~60) points. Observable symptoms and stress from occupational exposure showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.34, p<.001). Conclusion: To increase the degree of compliance with safety guidelines for antineoplastic agents, hospitals should lower the chance of exposure to antineoplastic agents, as well as minimize the observable symptoms and stress from occupational exposure. Periodic education and policy support are needed to improve compliance with safety guidelines for antineoplastic agent use.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-418
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of nurses working on psychiatric wards (psychiatric nurses) compared with that of nurses working on general wards (general nurses) in order to provide assessment data for intervention of the stress response. The Symptoms of Stress Inventory was used to measure the stress response. Data were collected by a direct survey method using a questionnaire and were collected from March first to March 30, 1995. A sample of 200 nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon province were selected and 200 nurses working on general wards from two general hospitals in Seoul were also selected for a total sample of 400 nurses. Nurses who had experienced more than one of the major life events in the last two years were excluded from the total number in the samples, so the final sample was 161 psychiatric nurses, and 169 general nurses. The Scores for the total stress response, scores of the SOS subscales, stress response by sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses working on the psychiatric wards were compared with those of nurses working on the general ward. The results of this investigation are as follows 1. The mean total SOS score for the psychiatric nurse was 0.81 (SD=0.48) and that of the general nurses was 0.90(SD=0.53). 2. The Mean score for peripheral manifestation, con tral-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle tension, habitual patterns, de-pression, anxiety, anger and cognitive disorganization for the general nurses showed a tendency to be higher than those of the psychiatric nurses. Mean score for cardiopulmonary symptoms for the general nurses was significantly higher than that of the psychiatric nurses. 3. The mean scores for the sixteen SOS items for the general nurses was significantly higher than for the psychiatric nurses. The 16 items were flushing of the face, sweating excessively even in cold weather, thumping of the heart, rapid breathing, dry mouth, a choking lump in the throat, hoarseness, muscle tension in hands or arm, muscle tension in leg, working tiring one out completely, severe aches a핀 Pain make it diffi-cult to do the work, severe nervous exhaustion, worrying about health, feeling weak and faint, so upset that one wants to hit something, unable to keep thoughts from running through one's mind. The mean score of only 505 item were significantly higher for the psychiatric nurses. 4. Stress responses between psychiatric nurses and general nurses were significantly different according to the following demographic characteristics : marriage, duration of work, position, accommodation, planning to move into another working site, working ward, education in psychiatric nursing.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.648-667
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• 2002

This was a descriptive study designed to identify the level of coping method and its influencing factors on the family caregivers of demented patients, and resolve the family caregivers' level of stress. The data were collected from September 10 to October 10, 2001. Subjects for this study were recruited from four clinics, which were chosen from 15 clinics located in Chunbuk-Do as the study sites because of their cooperation for the study. They were similar in terms of size, the characteristics of the local community. and the population and registration status of the demented patients. The instruments used for the study were as follows: 1. Problematic behaviors of demented patients are measured by the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (Zarit, 1980), and the Linguistic Communication Symptoms Questionnaire (Bayles and Tomoeda, 1991) 2. The ability to carry out daily activities was measured using the Barthel Index (1965) and Katz Index (1963), which as well-known ADL assessment methods. 3. Burden was measured using Cost of Care Index by the Kosberg and Cairl (1986). 4. Coping strategy was measured Bell's 18 methods (1977). The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. The total stress score was 2.90 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 3.09 on the dimension of restriction of individual and social activities, and the lowest region reported was 2.58 on the dimension of mental and physical health. 2. The total score of the coping method was 2.65 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 4.01 on the dimension of thinking that includes an ideation such that it is better than any possible worst case, and the lowest score reported was 1.45 on the dimension of the self-image as a scapegoat. 3. There were significant differences in coping method among the subjects by age (F=2.752 p=0.04), caregiver (F=4.33 p=0.003), care-giving period (F=2.68 p=0.049), and dementia stage (F=2.87 p=0.034). 4. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.301 p=0.000) between problematic behaviors of demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. The highest correlation coefficient ($\gamma$=-0.339 p=0.000) was found between aggressive behaviors of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 5. There was a low negative correlation ($\gamma$=-0.201 p=0.019) between the ADL of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 6. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.213 p=0.005) between stress and the coping method of the family caregivers. The highest correlation was found between financial burden ($\gamma$=-.327 P=.000) and the coping method of the family caregivers. There was no significant correlation among unpleasant aspects of the demented patients, willingness to the demented patients, and the coping method of the family caregivers.