• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1995

The author conducted a literature review to better characterize the current state of knowledge regardeding the relationship between psychological and behavioral factors and cardiovascular disease. This review focus on several Problems : hypertension, coronary artery disease such as myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, sudden death, arrhythmia, vasomotor(vasodepressor) syncope, and psychogenic cardiac nondisease. We describe model for understanding the relationship of psychological factors to the disease, review the results of relevant research studies and provide recommendation for further research.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Gardenia Jasminoides(GJ) is traditionally used for treatment of hepatic disease, insomnia, anxiety, and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to examine effects of GJ extract in response to stress. Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng and GJ supplementary group were orally administered once a day with 100mg of red ginseng extract, 100mg of GJ extract/kg body weight. The mice were given water containing 200mg of red ginseng extract, 200mg of GJ extract/100ml potable water. Animals were given supplements for 7 days without stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with restraint and electroshock stress. After loading final stress, we examined stress related behavioral changes of experimental animals and measured the levels of blood corticosterone. GJ-supplementation partially blocked the stress effect on locomotion and elevated plus maze test in rats, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, face-washing, smelling and rearing behavior in rats. The effect was almost equipotent to Ginseng's effect. GJ-supplementation didn't influence on fatigue related behavior or physical stress resistance. GJ-supplementation decreased the levels of blood corticosterone which is increased by stress in rats. These results suggest that GJ protects partially the living organism from stress attack and it has the potential to be used as a functional material to alleviate stress response.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.67-86
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• 2002

Three routes have been identified triggering neuronal death under physiological and pathological conditions. Excess activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors cause influx and accumulation of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ that result in rapid swelling and subsequent neuronal death within a few hours. The second route is caused by oxidative stress due to accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Apoptosis or programmed cell death that often occurs during developmental process has been coined as additional route to pathological neuronal death in the mature nervous system. Evidence is being accumulated that excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis propagate through distinctive and mutually exclusive signal transduction pathway and contribute to neuronal loss following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Thus, the therapeutic intervention of hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury should be aimed to prevent excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a concerted way.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2012

Tea polyphenols especially catechins have long been studied for their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Scientists throughout the world have investigated the usefulness of the regular green tea consumption in several disease conditions. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments on catechins especially epigallocatechingallate have revealed a significant role in many ways. Reactive oxygen species have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases and important biological processes. Toxic effects of these oxidants, commonly referred to as oxidative stress, can cause cellular damage by oxidizing nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane lipids. Oxidative stress has been related to aging and age related disorders. It is found that in a wide variety of pathological processes, including cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, ageing and autoimmune disorders, oxidative stress has its implications. Catechins have been reported to be useful in combating aging and age related disorders like cancer, cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In this mini review we will discuss such studies done across the globe.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2023

This study analyzed the effect of workers' socio-psychological burden factors on musculoskeletal disorders. A survey was conducted targeting office and field workers in the Seoul metropolitan area. Analysis was performed using the results of 357 surveys out of 400 surveys. The analysis results were derived as follows. First, the socio-psychological burden factor did not show statistically significant results for musculoskeletal disorders. Second, it was found that job stress factors also had a positive effect on musculoskeletal disorders. Third, social psychological burden factors were found to be more positive than office workers than field workers. Fourth, there was a statistically significant correlation between job stress and musculoskeletal disease risk scores. From the above results, job stress factors affect musculoskeletal disease risk factors (work frequency, pain level, and duration) and the increase in musculoskeletal disorders and the number of accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.507-520
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the effect on the coping with stress by the knowledge of Emerging infectious disease, clinical practice stress. A research was held to the nursing students living in Seoul and Chungbuk from September 10 to October 10, 2022, 259copies of the data were used for the final analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Multiple linear regressions was used. As a result of the study, there was a positive correlation between clinical practice stress due to burden of work, practice education environment stress, and active coping with stress. Clinical practice stress due to interpersonal conflicts, conflicts with patients, burden of work, and undesirable role models was positively correlated with passive coping with stress. Satisfaction of clinical practice, practical educational environment stress and gender accounted for 15.0% of the total variance in the active stress coping, and burden of work accounted for 7% of the total variance in the passive stress coping. Consequently, this study could be suggested as a basis for counseling and developing practical education program for active coping with stress.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-278
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• 2008

Stress reaction can be shown widely in the systems of psychology, endocrinology, immunology and so on. Stress promotes catecholamine from the autonomic nerve system, and this activates the sympathetic nerve system. As the sympathetic nerve system is activated, high blood pressure, tachycardia, vertigo, anxiety, diaphoresis, myotonic reaction and others can happen. Autonomic imbalance is the syndrome that people suffer from various symptoms accompanying no organic lesions and no psychological disorders by losing the hormonies between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system. We experienced a 55 year-old female who complained of sudden abdominal pain after being frightened at trouble with her husband. Her abdominal pain was very characteristic, "Something is like rising in my abdomen.", that occurred several times a day. We diagnosed 'Bun-Ton Disease' from her abdominal sign. Several oriental medicine books recorded aspects of Bun-Ton disease and treatments, we had given herbal medicine and treated acupuncture be based on those. Results from studies to date suggest the Bun-Ton Disease's main cause is fright or shock, and they stimulate releasing epinephrine or norepinephrine, that result in various symptoms. In this case report, we will present this patient's case and review the Bun-Ton Disease.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2018

Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) 2a-knockout (KO) mice exhibit accelerated diet-induced obesity and are resistant to leptin-mediated adipostatic signaling from the hypothalamus to adipose tissue, with sustained food intake. However, the impact of Epac2a deficiency on hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) has not been elucidated. This study was performed to elucidate the response of Epac2a-KO mice to dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and acute cold stress. Compared to age-matched wild-type mice, Epac2a-KO mice showed higher energy expenditures and expression of myogenin and uncoupling protein-1 in skeletal muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), respectively. Epac2a-KO mice exhibited greater endurance to dexamethasone and cold stress. In wild-type mice, exogenous leptin mimicked the responses observed in Epac2a-KO mice. This suggests that leptin-mediated hypothalamic signaling toward SNA appears to be intact in these mice. Hence, the potentiated responses of SM and BAT may be due to their high plasma leptin levels.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2014

The aim of this review was to understand the effects of ${\beta}$-adrenergic stimulation on oxidative stress, structural remodeling, and functional alterations in the heart and cerebral artery. Diverse stimuli activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased levels of catecholamines. Long-term overstimulation of the ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor (${\beta}AR$) in response to catecholamines causes cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, coronary artery disease, and heartfailure. Although catecholamines have identical sites of action in the heart and cerebral artery, the structural and functional modifications differentially activate intracellular signaling cascades. ${\beta}AR$-stimulation can increase oxidative stress in the heart and cerebral artery, but has also been shown to induce different cytoskeletal and functional modifications by modulating various components of the ${\beta}AR$ signal transduction pathways. Stimulation of ${\beta}AR$ leads to cardiac dysfunction due to an overload of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in cardiomyocytes. However, this stimulation induces vascular dysfunction through disruption of actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells. Many studies have shown that excessive concentrations of catecholamines during stressful conditions can produce coronary spasms or arrhythmias by inducing $Ca^{2+}$-handling abnormalities and impairing energy production in mitochondria, In this article, we highlight the different fates caused by excessive oxidative stress and disruptions in the cytoskeletal proteome network in the heart and the cerebral artery in responsed to prolonged ${\beta}AR$-stimulation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

The global warming by increased $CO_2$ will effect of plant pathogenic microorganisms and resistance of host plants, and it is expected to affect host-pathogen interactions. This study used Capsicum annuum L. and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, a pathogenic bacteria of pepper, to investigate interactions between hosts and pathogens in a complex environment with increasedcultivation temperature and drought stress. As a result, the bacterial spot disease of C. annuum L. caused by X. euvesicatoria was $35^{\circ}C$ higher than $25^{\circ}C$. In addition, the effect on water potential on bacterial spot disease was much greater water potential -150 kPa than -30 kPa. The disease progress and severity higher than water potential -30 kPa. This result will useful for understanding interaction with red pepper and X. euvesicatoria under the complex environment with increased cultivation temperature and in water potential -150 kPa drought stress in the future.