• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 4세대 VNAND 공정으로 만들어진 Peri 소자의 스트레스 영역 별 time-dependent dielectric breakdown(TDDB) 열화 메커니즘을 분석하고, 기존의 수명 예측 모델보다 더 넓은 신뢰성 평가 영역에서 신속성과 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있는 수명 예측 보완 모델을 제시하였다. SiON 절연층 nMOSFET에서 5개의 Vstr 조건에 대해 각 10번의 constant voltage stress(CVS) 측정 후, stress-induced leakage current(SILC) 분석을 통해 저전계 영역에서의 전계 기반 열화 메커니즘과 고전계 영역에서의 전류 기반 열화 메커니즘이 주요함을 확인하였다. 이후 Weibull 분포로부터 time-to-failure(TF)를 추출하여 기존의 E-모델과 1/E-모델의 수명 예측 한계점을 확인하였고, 각 모델의 결합 분리 열화 상수(k)를 추출 및 결합하여 전계 및 전류 기반의 열화 메커니즘을 모두 포함하는 병렬식 상호보완 모델을 제시하였다. 최종적으로 실측한 TDDB 데이터의 수명을 예측할 시, 기존의 E-모델과 1/E-모델에 비해 넓은 전계 영역에서 각 메커니즘을 모두 반영하여 높은 스트레스에서 신속한 신뢰성 평가로 더 정확한 수명을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2014

The protective role of phloroglucinol against oxidative stress and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) was investigated in vitro and in cell culture. Phloroglucinol had strong and concentration-dependent radical scavenging effects against nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions ($O_2{^-}$), and hydroxyl radicals. In this study, free radical generators were used to induce oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Treatment with phloroglucinol attenuated the oxidative stress induced by peroxyl radicals, NO, $O_2{^-}$, and peroxynitrite. Phloroglucinol also increased cell viability and decreased lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cells were used to investigate the protective effect of phloroglucinol against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced SIPS. Phloroglucinol treatment attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced SIPS by increasing cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation, suggesting that treatment with phloroglucinol should delay the aging process. The present study supports the promising role of phloroglucinol as an antioxidative agent against free radical-induced oxidative stress and SIPS.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2017

Ceramides are the major sphingolipid metabolites involved in cell survival and apoptosis. When HepG2 hepatoma cells were treated with celecoxib, the expression of the genes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and sphingomyelinase pathway was upregulated and cellular ceramide was elevated. In addition, celecoxib induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a time-dependent manner. SPTLC2, a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, was overexpressed by adenovirus. Adenoviral overexpression of SPTLC2 (AdSPTLC2) decreased cell viability of HEK293 and HepG2 cells. In addition, AdSPTLC2 induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and elevated cellular ceramide, sphingoid bases, and dihydroceramide. However, overexpression of SPTLC2 did not induce ER stress. Collectively, celecoxib activates de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and the combined effects of elevated ceramide and transcriptional activation of ER stress induce apoptosis. However, activation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis does not activate ER stress in hepatoma cells and is distinct from the celecoxib-mediated activation of ER stress.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.607-642
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• 2015

The stress-strain relationship of concrete in flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. An overview of previous research studies revealed that the presence of strain gradient would affect the maximum concrete stress developed in flexure. However, no quantitative model was available to evaluate the strain gradient effect on concrete under flexure. Previously, the authors have conducted experimental studies to investigate the strain gradient effect on maximum concrete stress and respective strain and developed two strain-gradient-dependent factors k3 and ko for modifying the flexural concrete stress-strain curve. As a continued study, the authors herein will extend the investigation of strain gradient effects on flexural strength and ductility of RC columns to concrete strength up to 100 MPa by employing the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. It was evident from the results that both the flexural strength and ductility of RC columns are improved under strain gradient effect. Lastly, for practical engineering design purpose, a new equivalent rectangular concrete stress block incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength was proposed and validated. Design formulas and charts have also been presented for flexural strength and ductility of RC columns.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2005

Inelastic deformation behavior of metals and alloys is considered rate dependent. Uniaxial ratcheting experiments performed by Ruggles and Krempl, and Hassan and Kyriakides exhibited that higher mean stress for a fixed stress amplitude resulted in higher ratchet strain within a rate independent framework and higher stress rate resulted in lower ratchet strain, respectively. These phenomena are qualitatively investigated by numerical experiments through unified viscoplasticity theory. The theory does not separate rate-independent plasticity and rate-dependent creep, and thus uses only one inelastic strain to describe inelastic deformation processes with the concept of the yield surface. The growth law for the kinematic stress, which is a tensor valued state variable of the constitutive equations, is modified to predict the linear evolution of long-term ratchet strain.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2000

The fatigue crack propagation tests were performed in triangular and holding-time stress waveforms at $650^{\circ}C$. The behavior of fatigue crack propagation was investigated according to waveform. The analysis of high temperature fatigue crack propagation by the stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}K$, elastic fracture mechanics parameter, was not available. The behaviors of high temperature fatigue crack propagation by the J-integral(${\Delta}J_f$, J' and ${\Delta}J_c$), elasto-plastic fracture mechanics parameter, were investigated in a number of stress waveforms. The fast-fast waveform exhibited cycle-dependent(fatigue type), the slow-fast and the hold time with 500sec waveforms appear to be time-dependent(creep type) and the fast-slow and the hold time with 5, 25sec waveforms exhibited conbined behavior of both types(fatigue-creep conbined type).

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.579-585
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• 2008

Numerous experimental investigations on metallic materials and solid polymers have shown that relaxation behavior is nonlinearly dependent on prior strain rate. The stress drops in a constant time interval nonlinearly increase with an increase of prior strain rate. And the relaxed stress associated with the fastest prior strain rate has the smallest stress magnitude at the end of relaxation periods. This paper deals with the performance of three classes of unified constitutive models in predicting the characteristic behaviors of relaxation. The three classes of models are categorized by a rate sensitivity of kinematic hardening rule. The first class uses rate-independent kinematic hardening rule that includes the competing effect of strain hardening and dynamic recovery. In the second class, a stress rate term is incorporated into the rate-independent kinematic hardening rule. The final one uses a rate-dependent format of kinematic hardening rule.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2019

Modified couple stress formulation and first order shear deformation theory are used for magneto-electro-elastic bending analysis of three-layered curved size-dependent beam subjected to mechanical, magnetic and electrical loads. The governing equations are derived using a displacement field including radial and transverse displacements of middle surface and a rotation component. Size dependency is accounted based on modified couple stress theory by employing a small scale parameter. The numerical results are presented to study the influence of small scale parameter, initial electric and magnetic potentials and opening angle on the magneto-electro-elastic bending results of curved micro beam.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.539-547
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 이상과 같은 연구현상을 배경으로 응력비 R.geq.0인 사인응력파 에서도 사이클의존형 크랙전파가 공존하는가, 공존한다면 그 전이를 결정짓는 조건을 구하기 위해, 대표적인 고온용 재료인 SUS 304강을 이용하여 온도 650.deg. C, 대기중에서 반복속도 .nu., 응력비 R, 응력레벨 .sigma.$_{maxo}$등의 실험조건을 바꾸어 고온저사이클 피로실험을 하였다. 또 이 현상의 기초과정을 이해하는데 도움을 주기 위하여 파면 관찰을 행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1993

지반조건이 개단강관말뚝의 거동에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 응력상태와 상대밀도의 조절이 가능한 토조내에 포설된 모래지반에서 모형말뚝실험이 수행되었다. 모형말뚝은 개단강관 말뚝의 각 부분에 작용하는 지지력을 분리측정하기 위하여 직경이 다른 두개의 파이프로 만들어졌다. 실험결과에 의하면 모래지반에 타입된 개단말뚝의 폐색정도와 관입저항력은 지반의 수직응력보다는 수평응력과 상대밀도에 의하여 좌우되었으며, 관내토지지력과 외주면마찰력, 그리고 전체 지지력도 수직응력보다는 수평응력과 상대밀도에 의하여 주로 영향받는 것으로 나타났다. 또 한 말뚝 외벽에 작용하는 수평응력은 원지반의 응력상태와는 관계없이 조밀한 지반의 경우에는 원지반의 수평응력보다 크게, 보통상태의 지반에서는 원지반과 비슷하게, 그리고 매우 느슨한 지반에서는 원지반보다 작게 측정되었다. 원지반의 수평응력에 대한 말뚝 설치후의 말뚝 외벽에 작용하는 수평응력의 비는 주어진 모래지반의 경우 원지반의 수평응력과 관계없이 상대밀도에 따라 일정한 값으로 나타났다.