• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2000

In the course of surveying the anti-plaque agents for dental caries prevention, the extract of Korean green tea leaves (KGTL) was tested for inhibitory activity against Streptococcus mutans adhering to glass surfaces in the presence of crude glucosyltransferase (GTase). The extracts of KGTL showed a positive inhibitory activity against GTase. The active compound was purified through Sephadex LH-20 and MCI gel CHP-20P columns. A positive reaction was shown in the anisaldehyde-$H_2SO_4$ test, which confirmed the condensed tannin. The inhibitory compound was identified as 3-galloylprocyanidin $B_3$ through IR, negative FAB-mass, and $^{1}H$-NMR spectroscopic analyses. Acetone extract and 3- galloylprocyanidin $B_3$ of KGTL showed inhibitory effect against GTase. The percent of inhibition was determinated to be 71.84% (P<0.01) with 10 mM 3-galloylprocyanidin B3. The 3-galloylprocyanidin $B_3$, which possessed a galloyl, showed a higher inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase than monomeric (+)-catechin and procyanidine $B_3$ which had no galloyl group.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

Laminated films composed of drug-containing reservoir layer and drug-free membrane were prepared. Zero-order drug release with lag time was achieved by laminating drug-free film onto the reservoir layer, while burst effect was observed on cast-on film. The rate controlling membrane was either attached to or cast directly into the reservoir. The release rate was independent on the reservoir composition but dependent on the composition of rate-controlling membrane. In growth inhibitory test of cephalexin from Eudragit RS film to Streptococcus Mutans, the disk even after release test for 72 hours showed more bacterial growth inhibition than that of control. Permeation of drug through rat skin was proportional to the HPC fraction in the film. We could control the release of cephalexin from the film by changing the fraction of Eudragit RS, HPC and DEP content. Consequently, Eudragit RS/HPC film was found to be very effective system for local delivery of drugs.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.57-58
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• 2001

Biosurfactant has antibiological activities. Due to its low toxicity, biosurfactant can be applied to human health care products. Posseing the antibiological activities as well as the surfactant properties implies that biosurfactant can be widely used in the cosmetic industry. In this presentation, applications of biosurfactant have been reviewed including the antimicrobial activities of sophorolipid. Sophorolipid, a biosurfactant produced from Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus mutans, and Propionibacterium acne at 4, 1, 1, 0.5 ppm as MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). Also 100 ppm of sophorolipid inhibited 50% of cell growth of plant pathogenic fungus, B. cinera. However, sophorolipid showed no effect on the Escherichia coli., indicating its selective antimicrobial activity depending on the cell wall structure. Treatment of B. subtilis with sophorolipid increased the leakage of intracellular enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, indicating the possible interaction of sophorolipid with cellular membrane. Between lactone-type and acid-type sophorolipid, the former showed higher antimicrobial activity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1981

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of concentration and temperature on the bactericidal action of sodium hypochlorite by means of comparing the killing time of several kinds of microorganism on each different concentration and temperature of sodium hypochlorite. The results were as follows: 1. As the concentration of sodium hypochlorite was increased, the bactericidal action of sodium hypochlorite was increased in all specimens. 2. The bactericidal action of sodium hypochlorite at $37^{\circ}C$ was more potent than that of sodium hypochlorite at $21^{\circ}C$. 3. Among the 3 experimental microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant to sodium hypochlorite, then comes staphylococcus aureus, and the least resistant microorganism was Streptococcus mutans.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 우리나라에 자생하는 약용 버섯인 마른진흙버섯의 자실체를 80%의 메탄올과 열수를 이용해 추출한 물질의 항산화와 항균 효과에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 마른진흙버섯 자실체의 메탄올 추출물은 2.0 mg/mL 농도에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거능(93.65%)이 양성대조군인 BHT (96.97%)에 비해 낮았으나 상대적인 효과는 높았다. 철이온 소거능 실험에서 추출물의 모든 농도(0.125~2.0 mg/mL) 범위에서 철이온 소거능 항산화 효과가 BHT에 비해 월등하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 6종의 세균 S. aureus, S. mutans, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, V. vulnificus와 1종의 곰팡이 C. albicans를 대상으로 200 mg/mL의 농도에서 메탄올 추출물을 이용해 agar well diffusion법으로 항균효과를 측정한 결과, V. vulnificus와 C. albicans를 제외한 5종의 세균에서 inhibition zone을 보여 메탄올 추출물은 여러 종류의 그람 양성세균과 그람 음성세균에 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 메탄올 추출물에 inhibition zone을 나타낸 S. aureus, S. mutans, B. subts, E. coli, P. aeruginosa 등 5종의 세균을 대상으로 최소저해농도 (MIC)를 측정한 결과 각각 100, 100, 50, 100, 200 mg/mL의 MIC를 나타내었다. 따라서 마른진흙버섯 자실체의 메탄올 추출물은 항산화 및 항균 효과가 높아서 이들 추출물은 천연 항산화제와 항균제로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1996

Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as primary causative agents of dental caries by insoluble glucan (IG) in human and experimental animals. An attempt was made to search for the ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase that degrades IG produced by S. mutans. ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase was detected in the culture supernatant of microorganisms, which are isolated from soils on agar medium containing IG as a sole carbon source. This Streptomyces sp. hydrolysed IG produced by immobilized S. mutans and was named as Y9373. This enzyme required ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucan (IG) as an inducer. The optimum conditions for enzyme production were studied. The enzyme was purified by 30~70% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation, anion exchange chroma tography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sepadex G-75. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 7840.0 U/mg protein giving 32.1-fold purification and final yield of 0.53%. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 22.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme reaction were 6.5 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively and the enzyme was relatively stable at the temperature below 60$^{\circ}C$. The activity of purified enzyme was enhanced by adding $Co^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ into the medium, whereas inhibited by adding $Hg^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}$ and SDS. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ value of ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase for IG were estimated to be 2.50 mM and 0.0431 mM/min, respectively. The thin layer chromatographic analysis of hydrolysates from IG with ${\alpha}$-1,3 glucanase showed that glucose was the main product of reaction. This enzyme activity was about 14 times higher than marketing dextranase as preventive agent against artificial dental caries by S. mutans in TH medium including 5% sucrose after 30 minutes.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

교정치료 중 구강 내 환경 변화를 파악하기 위하여 교정치료 시작 후 24개월까지의 임상적 구강위생지수 및 타액, 구강 내 미생물의 변화양상을 평가하였다. 30명의 환자를 대상으로 하여, 임상적 구강위생지수(DMFS [decayed, missing and filled surfaces], O'Leary's plaque index, plaque pH), 타액의 변화(비자극/자극시의 타액량, 완충능(buffer capacity), pH, 잠혈(occult blood)류량, 구강 내 미생물(Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus) 변화를 파악하였다. 추가적으로 설문지를 이용하여 구강위생관리 및 식습관을 평가하였다. 분산분석, 회귀분석 및 Spearman의 상관분석을 통해 데이터를 분석하였다. 교정치료 도중 DMFS 값은 유의성있게 증가한 반면, plaque index는 감소하였고, plaque pH는 산성을 나타내었다 (p = 0.23). 비자극 시 타액량은 치료 중 유의성있게 변화하였으며 (p = 0.13), 자극 시의 타액량은 여성에서 장치 부착 이후 증가하는 양상을 보였다. Buffer capacity는 남성에서 치료 도중 감소되었으며, 타액의 pH는 유지되었다. 구강 내 미생물 및 잠혈류량은 고위험 수준까지 증가하였으며 성별의 차이는 나타나지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 치료 전 plaque와 구강위생용품의 사용 (r = 0.429; p = 0.018), 최종 DMFS와 비자극 시의 타액량 (r = -0.372; p = 0.043) 간에 뚜렷한 상관관계가 확인되었다. 교정장치의 부착으로 인해 구강 내 미생물은 증가하고, plaque pH는 산성화되어 치주조직의 손상이 일어나게 되었다. 또한 Buffer capacity는 변하지만, 치료 기간중의 타액의 pH는 유지되었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2020

이 연구는 새롭게 개발된 알카자이트 재료인 Cention N에 finishing처리를 한뒤에 표면 거칠기와 박테리아 부착에 대하여 조사하고자 함이다. 레진강화형 글래스아이오노머와 컴포짓트 레진, 알카자이트 재료를 원통형의 디스크 형태로 제작하였다(n = 48). 이 후 대조군과 3가지 카바이드버, 미세다이아몬드 버, 화이트스톤버의 피니싱 버에 따른 4가지 하위군으로 분류하였다. 표면 거칠기는 atomic force microscope으로 조사하였으며 표면관찰은 scanning electron microscope을 이용하여 진행하였다. 우식원성 미생물인 streptococcus mutans의 시편 부착을 위하여 CDC biofilm reactor를 사용하여 바이오필름을 배양한후 집락형성단위를 측정하였다. 레진과 Cention N의 아무처리 하지 않은 컨트롤 군의 표면 거칠기는 통계적으로 유의하게 피니싱 처리된 시편들보다 거칠었다. 하지만 표면 거칠기와 미생물 부착사이의 상관관계는 매우 약했다(PCC = 0.13). RMGI와 Cention N은 레진시편에 비해 미생물 부착이 적게 일어났다. Cention N은 피니싱만으로도 임상적으로 허용되는 수준인 0.2 ㎛ 이하의 거칠기를 보였으며 이온 방출 성질로 미생물 부착이 레진과 비교시 적은 것을 확인할수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the removal effect on artificial plaque from RBM treated implant surfaces that are exposed due to peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Artificial plaque with Streptococcus mutans and acquired pellicle adhered to RBM treated implant discs. Study materials divided into one control and six test groups. In test groups, physical and chemical methods used to remove plaques. Prophyflex, Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning (PMTC) and interdental brush as mechanical treatments and 0.1% Chlorhexidine, Citric acid, HCl tetracycline as a chemical treatment were used. To analyses the study, disc weight was measured for remaining plaque quantities and SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope) findings was taken for evaluation of surfaces. Results: 1. In weight changes, there was significant difference between each treatment group and the control group (p<0.05). Therefore all treatment methods using this study have good ability for remove plaques. 2. In weight changes, there was no significant difference between mechanical and chemical group, and there were no significant differences between each groups (p>0.05). 3. SEM findings after mechanical treatment disclosed as follows; Prophyflex group looked like sound implant surface, and there were some paste on implant surface at PMTC group, and there were some artificial plaque at interdental brush group. 4. SEM findings after chemical treatment disclosed as follows; there were some dark lesions which were supposed as the product from Streptococcus mutans at Chlorhexidine, Citric acid and HCl tetracycline groups. Conclusion: All six methods using in this study have good ability to remove artificial plaque on RBM treated implant. According to SEM findings, prophyflex is a superior method for removing of dental plaque among test groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2018

본 연구는 구강건강행위와 구강병 발생요인검사결과와의 관련성을 확인하고자 경기도와 충청남도에 소재한 대학의 치위생과 학생을 대상으로 진행되었다. 자기기입식 설문지 작성과 구강병 발생요인검사로 진행되었으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 칫솔질 횟수는 1일 3회가 60.2%, 1일 간식 횟수는 1회 이하가 49.7%, 간식의 종류는 점착성이 없는 가당 간식이 66.5%, 음료수의 종류는 유가당 음료수가 49.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 자극성 타액 분비율은 평균 9.41ml, 타액 완충능력은 평균 9.52점, 포도당 잔류시간은 평균 12.02분으로 조사되었다. Streptococcus mutans colony count 검사에서 저위험군인 <$10^5$은 80.1%, Lactobacillus는 저위험군인 <$10^5$은 82.6%로 조사되었다. 자극성 타액 분비율과 비자극성 타액 및 타액 완충능은 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 불소도포 경험이 있는 경우 포도당 잔류시간이 10.66분, 불소도포 경험이 없는 경우 13.33분으로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=.008). 전신건강과 직결되어 있는 구강건강을 위해서는 대중들이 쉽게 접할 수 있는 구강보건교육의 기회를 마련하고, 평생구강건강관리 프로그램을 지속적으로 개발 및 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다.