• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.643-648
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• 2004

Efficacy of ciprofloxacin was evaluated in laboratory and field studies for control of streptococcal infection in flounder and eel. In disc diffussion test, all streptococcal strains showed high sensitivity to the ciprofloxacin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin against all streptococcal strains used in this study were less than $0.195{\mu}g/ml/$. In laboratory studies where fishes were challanged with Streptococcus iniae, significant reductions in mortality were observed among fish receiving ciprofloxacin (in fed) at 100 mg/kg/body weight or more daily for 3 d when compared with mortality of non-medicated controls. Similar results were achieved when 100 mg/kg/body weight of ciprofloxacin was used in field trials.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.235-239
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• 2019

Purpose: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Recently, we observed a higher incidence of coronary lesions in KD patients with high anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognosis, with respect to treatment response and development of coronary artery lesions. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 723 patients with KD who were admitted to 2 major hospitals between June 2010 and September 2017. Results: Among 723 patients with KD, 11 initially showed an elevated ASO titer (>320 IU/mL) or elevated follow-up ASO titer after treatment. Of these patients, 5 showed no response to the first intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, 3 had abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This is a significantly higher proportion of patients with a high ASO titer (n=3,27.3%) than those with a normal ASO titer (n=53 [7.4%], P=0.047). A severe clinical course was seen in 81.8% of patients in the high ASO group versus 14.5% of patients in the normal ASO group. Conclusion: It is not certain whether acute streptococcal infection may cause KD, but this study revealed that KD with high ASO titers showed higher rates of severe clinical course. It may be helpful to analyze concurrent streptococcal infection in patients with a severe clinical course.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2006

Perianal streptococcal dermatitis is a bright red, sharply demarcated, perianal rash that is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. It primarily occurs in children between six months and 10 years of age and is often misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately. We report a case of Perianal streptococcal dermatitis in a 13-months-old female patient. A culture of the perianal area grew group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The patient was given systemic antibiotics and topical applications of mupirocin, and a dramatic improvement was noted.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2003

Streptococcal infection is one of the most serious disease of cultured olive flounder, Paralychthys olivaceus in Korea and caused by more than one species. However, there has been considerable confusions about the taxonomic position of the fish pathogenic streptococci. In this study, We performed the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) pattern analysis to evaluate the possible classification in 8 streptococci isolated from diseased olive flounder and reference strains based on their DNA structure. RAPD PCR with DNA solution prepared by simple boiling and 10-mer random primer was appeared to be a good tool for discrimination of different streptococcal strains. Phenotypical characters by simple biological test and API 20 Strep corresponded well to the specific profiles of RAPD in streptococcal isolates of this study. Therefore, the RAPD profile was considered as one of differential characters to discriminate the streptococcal isolates from diseased olive flounder.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 1996

A군 연쇄구균에 의한 독성 쇼크 증후군은 기저질환이 없는 젊은 사람에서 쇼크와 다장기 부전증을 일으키는 신종 질환이다. 이 질환은 진행이 매우 빠르고 치명적이기 때문에 신속한 진단과 항균제 투여, 괴사조직의 수술적 제거가 필요하고 수액 주입 혹은 심근 강화제 등으로 쇼크를 적극적으로 치료를 해야 한다. 11세 여자 환아가 쇼크 목 부위 연조직 괴사, 급성 호흡부전, 신부전 및 패혈증으로 사망하여, 연쇄구균성 독성 쇼크 증후군(streptococcal toxic shock syndrome)으로 진단 받았기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.114-117
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• 2001

We experienced a case of streptococcal toxic shock-like sundrome in a 12 year old boy. Symptoms such as fever, sore throat, diffuse erythematous rashes on whole body developed 3 days before admmision. His symptoms rapidly aggravated to develop hypotension, hepatic and renal dysfunction and thrombocytopenia. After admission, intravenous fluid and antibiotic therapy were done and he was succesfully treated. Attention should be paid to recognize and diagnose this fatal disese. We report this case with review of related literatures.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-144
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• 2003

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1996

Purpose : The most patients with acute streptococcal pharyngitis lack of classic clinical manifestations, therefore diagnostic laboratory test such as the throat culture or a rapid antigen detection test are frequently employed in primary practices of developed countries. We'd like to know the accuracy of the throat swab culture as gold standard for diagnosis of streptococcal infection with studying the discordant and concordant rate of duplicate culture. Methods : The study included 89 normal school children (boys:50, girls:39) who were attending Uljin primary school in Uljin, Kyong Sang Buk Do on March 1996. We obtained simultaneous 2 times of throat swab from each subject, and plating and streaking on 5-7% of sheep blood agar separately. We counted the characteristic beta-hemolytic colonies after overnight incubation. Results : 1) The carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci at first culture is 25.1% and second one is 29.2%. 2) Ten out of 89(11.2%) is discordant in duplicate culture. 3) Culture containing less than 50 colonies of beta-hemolytic streptococci (+2) in first culture is 70.4%, second one is 85.7%. 4) Number of colonies is less than 50 in all ten discordant children. Conclusions : The discordant rate of duplicate throat swab cullture for beta-hemolytic streptococci is 11.2%, even if the subjects are normal school children. About 5% of individuals harboring beta-hemolytic streptococci in the pharynx may be missed by a single throat culture. If we are trying to examine the patients with pharyngitis, the discordant rate will be much lower than this results.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.495-505
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• 2018

Several bacterial etiological agents of streptococcal disease have been associated with fish mortality and serious global economic loss. Bacterial identification based on biochemical, molecular, and phenotypic methods has been routinely used, along with assessment of morphological analyses. Among these, the molecular method of 16S rRNA sequencing is reliable, but presently, advanced genomics are preferred over other traditional identification methodologies. This review highlights the geographical variation in strains, their relatedness, as well as the complexity of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and various control methods of streptococcal infections. Several limitations, from diagnosis to control, have been reported, which make prevention and containment of streptococcal disease difficult. In this review, we discuss the challenges in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and control methods and suggest appropriate molecular (comparative genomics), cellular, and environmental solutions from among the best available possibilities.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.208-211
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• 2004

The patient with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection and articular disease who does not fulfill the modified Jones criteria for a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever(ARF) have been classified as poststreptococcal reactive arthritis/arthralgia. A 10-year-old girl had presented with fever and arthralgia. She had pain in her left knee for 7 days but no swelling. A throat culture showed no growth but antistreptolysin O titer and C-reactive protein were elevated. A clinical follow up one month later showed neither arthralia nor sequelae as acute rheumatic fever. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis/arthralgia seems to be part of the disease spectrum of ARF and to prevent subsequent development of ARF and carditis in these patient, it is recommended that antistreptococcal prophylaxis should be administered for 1 year and then could be discontinued if there is no evidence of cardiac involvement.