• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.145-179
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• 2002

This study explores the change of family policy in Germany focused on political ideologies and instruments of CDU/CSU and SPD. In past 50 years after the 2. world war the family policy in Germany has been influenced by ideologies of 2 major political parties. With conservative political perspectives, CDU and CSU intend to strengthen the institution family and traditional division of domestic work. Therefore, they prefer indirect support methods by income tax benefit for family as political instrument. SPD with liberal political perspectives intends to support working married women and children. As political instrument SPD prefers allowance for child to indirect support system. This different political perspectives of 2 major parties have been reflected automatically on the federal administrative system(BMFSFJ) which takes responsibility of family policy in Germany. Through the analysis of attitudes to family policy of major parties in Germany this paper attempts to be manifest the problem of korean family policy and to find implications of german modell.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-220
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to investigate the differences abdominal muscles activities of according to hip adductor contraction levels 20% (mild), 50% (moderate), and 70% (strong) of MVIC on during bilateral lower extremity raising exercise on supine. Methods: The subjects of the study were a total of 39 persons including 23 healthy males and 16 females, who performed bilateral lower extremity raising exercise in 20%, 50%, 70% MVIC hip contraction. Muscle activities were measured by using S-EMG in RA (rectus abdominis), IO (internal oblique), and EO (external oblique). Results: Muscle activity of the internal oblique abdominal muscle and external oblique abdominal muscle, their activities were also greatest with the adductor contraction size at 70% and there was statistically significant difference when compared with the adductor contraction size at 20% and 50% (p<0.05). As for the rectus abdominis muscle according to the size of contraction of the adductor was greatest at 70%, without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: bilateral lower extremity raising with strong hip joint adductor contraction was effective exercise to strengthen abdominal muscles. If subjects could not perform strong hip adductor contraction, moderate contraction is effective abdominal muscle contraction exercise. The contraction size of the adductor is small, weak contraction may trigger middle level contraction and therefore appropriate application of the exercise program of bilateral leg raising may result in great effect as a lumbar stabilization exercise.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate smoking relapse and the related factors within 1 year after discharge from the smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) of public health centers (PHCs). Methods: Data were collected with a structured questionnaire from 395 people who success fully stopped smoking at 4 SCCs in Busan between May and June 2009, and this data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The rate of smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs was 39.2% and this decreased rapidly over 6 months after discharge. The factors related to smoking relapse within 1 year after discharge from SCCs were being female (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.82), a trial of smoking cessation with any assistants (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.19), more than 7 ppm of exhaled CO2 on the SCCs' registration (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.64), use of pharmacotherapy after discharge from SCCs (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.93), alcohol drinking more than once a week after discharge from SCCs (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.15 to 6.78), and a perceived barrier (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.30) after discharge from the SCCs. Conclusions: According to the results, at least 6 months follow-up after discharge from SCCs of public health centers is recommended to reduce the rate smoking relapse. It is also recommended to strengthen the education on how to overcome barriers such as drinking in the course of smoking cessation clinics.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was done to examine the effects of cognition-behavior integrated breast cancer prevention education, in which a breast model with interchangeable nodules was utilized, on the self-competency of nursing students in performing breast cancer education. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. A traditional lecture intervention was provided for 49 3rd year college of nursing students (control group) while the integrated breast cancer prevention education was given to 47 3rd year students in the same college one year later (experimental group). The integrated breast cancer prevention education was developed by the research team to strengthen the competency of cognitive and behavioral components in education on breast cancer. Results: Effects of the intervention were found to be significant through all study variables: knowledge about breast cancer (t=7.79, p <.001), breast cancer risk awareness (t=2.05, p <.05), self-competency of breast self-exam (t=8.27, p <.001), and intention to teach breast self-exam (t=3.87, p <.001). Conclusion: The integrated breast cancer prevention education was useful to improve not only knowledge about breast cancer but competency in performing breast examination for nursing students who acquired technical skills from various simulation nodules. As the program helped the students to be prepared as confident educators, future application of the module is recommended for academic curricula.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.234-240
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• 2019

This study has performed to find the effective method of human resource management in the hospital organization through the relationship between organizational attitude and individual inclination, where nurses, medical technician and administrative staff of hospital with labor intensive and relationship oriented organization were analyzed. According to the results, the lower individual inclination with changeable level of hospital employees, the higher of outer level and the higher of goal-oriented level, the organizational attitude was shown to be amicable, especially was most highly influenced by changeable level. Therefore, the hospital organization was recommended to find the following methods properly; no only to strengthen the active and logical outgoing tendency, the careful words and actions through the emotion control for the goal orientation, but also to minimize the changeable tendency such as not amicable human relation, the change and delay of decision.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.262-276
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• 2019

Background: The most important thing to strengthen primary care is to prove that the continuity of primary care is an essential area for good health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on the hospitalization experience of diabetes mellitus in new diabetic patients. Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service national sample cohort (NHIS-NSC 2011-2015) data, 3,391 new diabetic patients in 2012 were selected for the study. Multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the effect of outpatient continuity of primary care on hospitalization in new diabetic patients. Results: The outpatient continuity of primary care in new diabetic patients was measured by the continuity of care index, which showed that 69.4% (n=2,352) were high level and 30.6% (n=1,039) were low level. Patients who had high continuity of primary care at the early stage of diabetes diagnosis showed 3.49 times more likely to maintain high continuity of primary care in the second year (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.72-4.49). Patients with low continuity of primary care for 2 years from the initial diagnosis of diabetes were 2.56 times more likely to be hospitalized due to diabetes than those who did not (95% CI, 1.55-4.25). Conclusion: This study identified the need for policies to increase the continuity of primary care for new diabetic patients and could contribute to lowering the admission rate of diabetic patients if the policy for this would work effectively.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2019

Background: Diabetes is known as one of the most important ambulatory care sensitive conditions. This study purposed to assess the status of continuity of care (COC) and diabetes-related avoidable hospitalizations (DRAHs) of a group of middle- and old-aged patients and to observe the relationship of the two elements by the two age groups. Methods: This study utilized the National Health Insurance Service's National Sample Cohort data and the subjects are diabetes patients of 45 and over, classified into two groups of 'middle-aged'(45-64 years) and 'old-aged'(${\geq}65years$) patients. The dependent variable was DRAHs, which was defined in accordance with the definition of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development "Health Care Quality Indicators" project. COC, as an independent variable, is measured by the COC index in this study. Two-part model (multi-variate and multi-level analyses) was utilized. Results: Factors associated with the status and the number of DRAHs differed by each age group. Meanwhile, the two-part model showed that higher COC was associated with a lower risk of preventable hospitalizations in both middle- and old-aged groups. Conclusion: Study findings can provide health policy insights and implications in order to strengthen the primary care system for further improvement of diabetes management, especially for middle- and old-aged groups.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.601-621
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• 2014

Repairing and strengthening structural members by bonding composite materials have received a considerable attention in recent years. The major problem when using bonded FRP or steel plates to strengthen existing structures is the high interfacial stresses that may be built up near the plate ends which lead to premature failure of the structure. As a result, many researchers have developed several analytical methods to predict the interface performance of bonded repairs under various types of loading. In this paper, a numerical solution using finite - difference method (FDM) is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution in beams strengthened with FRP plate having a tapered ends under thermal loading. Different thinning profiles are investigated since the later can significantly reduce the stress concentration. In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both beam and bonded plate. The shear correction factor for I-section beams is also included in the solution. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to demonstrate the advantages of use the tapers in design of strengthened beams.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2021

Purpose: The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is an exercise that selectively strengthens deep abdominal muscles. It is reported to be effective in strengthening those muscles when using a pressure biofeedback unit. However, multiple factors of bridge exercise seem to bring exercise result of ADIM without stabilizer as they influence execution of ADIM. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare changes in the thickness of deep abdominal muscles through the ADIM exercise incorporating either a stabilizer or the bridge exercise. Methods: Thirty healthy adults who had voluntarily given their consent were selected as the subjects. A diagnostic sonograph was used to measure the thickness of the subjects' transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles. First, the thickness of the subjects' deep abdominal muscle was measured while maintaining the ADIM using the stabilizer. After three minutes of rest, the thickness was measured again while the subjects maintained the ADIM with the bridge exercise. Results: In both exercises, the thickness of the transverse abdominis showed a statistically significant increase, with a more significant increase while executing the ADIM using the bridge exercise. In both exercises, the thickness of the internal oblique showed a statistically significant increase, with a more significant increase while executing the ADIM using the bridge exercise. The thickness of the external oblique showed a statistically significant increase only in the ADIM using the bridge exercise. Conclusion: Though strengthening is not as selective as the ADIM using a stabilizer, the ADIM using the bridge exercise has a more increased thickness of the transverse abdominis and the internal oblique than that of the internal oblique. Based on the outcome of this study, the ADIM using the bridge exercise without a stabilizer can selectively strengthen deep abdominal muscles even more.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.433-446
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• 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the case of the transparent PET bottle resource circulation project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd., present implications, and propose ways to spread it in the future. Methods: In this study, the logic of the Double Diamond Model is applied to analyze the development process of sustainable fashion made from BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd.'s PET Bottle Resource Circulation System. Results: The K-rPET Resource Circulation Project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. is recognized as a best example for its contribution to eco-friendly activities, solving social problems, raising consumer awareness, and sharing recycling habits. Before the plastic bottle becomes a garment, five steps are taken (discharge of PET bottle → collection of PET bottle → recycling of PET bottle → fabrication of yarn → production of the finished product out of the fabric). BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. has successfully commercialized it by recycling reverse-recovery PET bottles by making solutions to problems that have not been solved at each stage. Conclusion: In addition to efforts to find and strengthen weak links presented in the Theory of Constrains (TOC), it appears to have systematically carried out activities to convert stakeholder discomforts into a package of gain points. As shown in the slogan "We are all in!" the proposal and implementation for the completion of a true environmental system is judged to have truly performed ESG management well for the company's business. ESG management activities at BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. are expected to continue.