• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2010

Nowadays, the challenges of ensuring good water quality and quantity of river are becoming more important for human society, but there has been troublesome for purifying river water. In this study, we performed the fundamental study of a river water treatment system using riverside soil and eco-friendly optimal media for improving river water quality and can also treat a large amount of river water. As the results of the physical and chemical characterization of the two different soils (Kyungan and Chungrang, The Republic of Korea), which were collected from real stream sides in the Han River basin, and five kinds of media (zeolite, perlite, steel slag, woodchip and mulch), both soils were all classified as a sand, and effective size ($D_{10}$) and uniformity coefficient (U) of the soil were about 0.2 mm and 4 or so, respectively. Through the batch and column experiments with the soil and eco-friendly media, zeolite and mulch were found to be efficient for decreasing nitrogen. In addition, steel slag was especially superior to the other media for phosphorus removal. From soil reforming tests volume ratios were 2.8, 1, and 1 of Kyungan soil, zeolite, and steel slag hydraulic conductivity of mixed soil was increased $1.30{\times}10^{-2}$ from $2.85{\times}10^{-3}$ of Kyungan soil, and the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus were also improved. These results show that reforming of the soil enhanced the purification of a large amount of water, and zeolite, mulch, and steel slag might be facilitated as proper functional media.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2012

Estuary is unique habitat ground under substantial changes of water quality, river side, bed material, and micro topography. Construction of SinGok underwater weir with excessive dredging for downstream of weir has changed hydraulic conditions of Han River. This study investigates spatial changes of estuary and expansion process of vegetation on sandbar for JangHang estuary in Han River through analysis of physical and ecological characteristics. As a result of investigation, we found that area of sandbar in JangHang estuary is expanded six times compared between 1985 and 2006, and area of Phragmites australis is gradually decreased while area of Salix subfragilis Anderson. is increased. Also the analysis result of soil layer shows that the Jang-Hang wetlands are created by effect from river, and woody plants are settled from middle part of wetlands, then spread to upper and lower part of wetlands.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1993

To investigate the eutrophication process and pollution characteristics in Paldang Lake, Korea, water and sediment samples were analysed during July 1986~June 1987. The transparency, chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration and biochemical oxygen demand in Paldang Lake ranged 0.5~3 m, 3-17 ${\mu}gI^{-1}$, 7.2~12.3 ppm and 0.5~2.3 ppm, respectively. Heterotrophic bacterial number fluctuated seasonally between $3.0{\times}10^{3}/ml and 5.0{\times}10^{5}/ml$ in the water column and between $2{\times}10^{6} and 1{\times}10^{8}$ in the I g dry sediment. Water turbulence and water quality of up-stream seem to play important roles for determining the water quality in Paldang Lake particularly where the hydraulic retention time is so short as about 5 days. The present water quality in Paldang Lake according to the criteria of lake water quality was shown to be between mesotrophic and eutrophic state by secchi depth(O.5 ~ 3 m) and chlorophyll-a concentration (3~17 ${\mu}gI^{-1}$). The distribution of coliform bacteria showed that the pollution was mainly due to the human activities in this area and it is needed to establish countmeasurements for the problems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.673-689
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• 2003

Field tests were conducted to investigate characteristics of the transverse mixing and to evaluate the dispersion coefficients in the meandering natural streams. The Sum River and the Cheong-mi Creek, tributaries of Han River, were selected as the test site, and measurements of the hydraulic and dispersion data were performed. In the tracer tests, the radioisotope was used as a tracer and injected into a flow on the instantaneous point source. Using the measured data, the longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients were evaluated and compared with the previous studies. The longitudinal dispersion coefficients, which were evaluated by application of the analytical solution, were about 0.5 $m^2$/s at the Sum River and 0.2 $m^2$/s at the Cheong -mi Creek. The transverse dispersion coefficients, which were evaluated by the analytical solution and the moment method, were ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 $m^2$/s for the Sum River and from 0.01 to 0.05 $m^2$/s for the Cheong-mi Creek.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.674-678
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• 2010

하천 형상은 자연적인 흐름과 인간의 활동에 의해 다양한 형태로 변화되며, 이러한 변화과정을 통해 안정된 형상을 갖추어간다. 이러한 변화는 흐름과 상호작용 과정을 통해 진전되며, 하천의 형태를 변화시키는 흐름 또한 저수로 형태 및 수량적인 변화 등에 의해 다양한 특성을 갖게 된다. 본 연구에서는 하천 내의 형태가 인간의 활동에 의해 인공적으로 변화되었을 경우 하천의 수리학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 3차원 수치해석 모형인 EFDC(Environmental fluid Dynamics Code, 미국 버지니아 해양연구소 개발) 모형을 이용하여 검토하였다. EFDC 모형은 크게 유동, 퇴적물 이송, 수질의 세 부분으로 구성되어 있으며, 유동 모델은 수온과 염분이 고려된 3차원 천수방정식을 기본으로 하고 있다. EFDC 모형의 적용을 위한 Case1은 일반적인 저수로 형태 갖는 하천이며, Case2에서는 하천 저수로 내 인공적으로 하중도가 설치되었을 경우에 대하여 수리학적 특성을 모의하였다. 수치모의 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 수위변화는 하중도 유무에 따라 상하류 부분에서 전혀 다른 결과를 나타냈다. 유속분포는 Case1에 비하여 Case2의 경우 하중도 설치에 의해 하천의 상류부에서는 흐름의 정체부분이 나타났으며, 하류부에서는 급확대에 의한 유속의 감소가 나타났다. 그리고 하중도에 의해 저수로가 분기됨에 따라 저수로의 급축소부가 발생되고, 이로 인해 유속이 급속히 증가되었다. 본 연구의 Case2와 같이 하천에 하중도를 설치할 경우 만곡부 외측 부분에서는 유속의 현저한 증가가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 하중도의 설치 위치, 하중도의 규모 등에 따라 하중도 부분의 급격한 수위 및 유속 변화이 발생되는 것을 확인하였으며, 만곡부에 이와 같은 것을 설치할 경우 보다 정밀한 수리계산을 통해 안전성이 확보되는 하중도 설치가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.481-488
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• 2006

This paper suggests a novel approach of integrating the quasi-distributed watershed model SWAT with the fully-distributed groundwater model MODFLOW. Since the SWAT model has semi distributed features, its groundwater components hardly considers distributed parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient. Generating a detailed representation of groundwater recharge, head distribution and pumping rate is equally difficult. To solve these problems, the method of exchanging the characteristics of the hydrologic response units (HRUs) in SWAT with cells in MODFLOW by fully combined manner is proposed. The linkage is completed by considering the interaction between the stream network and the aquifer to reflect boundary flow. This approach is provisionally applied to Gyungancheon basin in Korea. The application demonstrates a combined model which enables an interaction between saturated zones and channel reaches. This interaction plays an essential role in the runoff generation in the Gyungancheon basin. The comprehensive results show a wide applicability of the model which represents the temporal-spatial groundwater head distribution and recharge.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.653-667
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• 2008

The hydraulic model test for the L-type Groynes with "ㄱ" shape were conducted to analyze flow characteristics around these groynes. The results of model tests should be used for the fundamental information to design the L-type Groyne constructed in the field. Main hydraulic factors such as the velocity and thalweg line changes in main channel and separation area were analyzed in this study. The thalweg line is stream line where the maximum velocity occurs, and the separation area is a boundary of main flow and recirculation zone. Model tests with 5 different arm-lengths of the L-type Groynes were conducted changing the velocity. The LSPIV(Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) technique was used to measure and analyze the flow variation around the L-type Groynes. The velocity in main channel was increased 1.5 times and there was no effects of different groyne arm-length on the velocity changes. The width of thalweg lines $(T_{CL})$ was changed to $55{\sim}58%$ of chanel width, and the Froude number did not affect on the thalweg line $(T_{CL})$ and separation line $(S_h)$ changes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

In this study, we reviewed the optimal space for the fishway and fish storage establishment in the section between the downstream of the Hwacheon dam and the confluence of the Pungsan river. The hydraulic stability of these facilities was also examined. In the section between the downstream of Hwacheon dam and the confluence of Pungsan river, the release flow of Hwacheon dam was set at $5,495m^3/s,\;6,110m^3/s$ and $7,537m^3/s$, and numerical simulations were executed for each instance using the HEC-RAS model and RMA-2. In the analysis of the flow velocity distributions in the subject section by release flows of Hwacheon dam, it was shown that there was over 5.0m/s of high flow velocity at Sta. $#1{\sim}Sta.$ #3, Sta. $#4{\sim}Sta.$ #6, and Sta. $#12{\sim}Sta.$ #13 of the sections analyzed in this study. The Sta. $#0{\sim}Sta.$ #1 was considered appropriate for the fishway and fish storage establishment. As seen in the results of the numerical stability review by release flow conditions of Hwacheon dam subject to the selected available areas fur fishway and fish storage, the topographically available section for the establishment of fishway and fish storage exists at Sta. $#1{\sim}Sta.$ #3 when the release flow of Hwacheon dam is $5,495m^3/s$, whereas Sta. $#0{\sim}Sta.$ #1 should be reviewed for the subject section for the establishment of fishway at release flows of $6,110m^3/s$ and $7,537m^3/s$, in addition to the figures gathered at the $5,495m^3/s$ release flow. Finally, the available section for the establishment of fishway and fish storage was determined to be Sta. $#0{\sim}Sta.$ #3. Further, if fishway and fish storage are established in the outer bank within this section, the high flow velocity section should be avoided. An alternative would be to establish for the fishway in the inner band on the section of Sta. #1 or Sta. #3.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2012

As the basis of the environmental ecological river management, this research developed a method of habitat classification using imagery information to understand a distribution characteristics of fish living in a natural river. First, topographic survey and investigation of discharge and water temperature were carried out to analyze hydraulic characteristics of fish habitat, and the unmanned aerial photography was applied to acquire river imagery at the observation time. Riffle, pool, and glide regions were selected as river habitat to analyze fish distribution characteristics. Analysis showed that the standard deviation of RGB on the riffle is higher than pool and glide because of fast stream flow. From the classification accuracy estimation on riffle region according to resolution and kernel size using the characteristics of standard deviation of RGB, the highest classification accuracy was 77.17% for resolution with 30cm and kernel size with 11. As the result of water temperature observation on pool and glide using infrared camera, they were $19.6{\sim}21.3^{\circ}C$ and $15.5{\sim}16.5^{\circ}C$ respectively with the differences of $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. Therefore it is possible to classify pool and glide region using the infrared photography information. The habitat classification to figure out fish distribution can be carried out more efficiently, if unmanned aerial photography system with RGB and infrared band is applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.146-159
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• 2016

This study used Navier-Stokes Solver(LES-WASS-2D) for analyzing hydrodynamic characteristics with high order in order to analyze self-burial mechanism of pipeline with spoiler under steady flow. For the validity and effectiveness of numerical model used, it was compared and analyzed with the experiment to show flow characteristics around the pipeline with and without the spoiler. And the hydraulic(flow, vortex, and pressure) and force characteristics were numerically analyzed around the pipeline according to the incident velocity, and shape and arrangement of spoiler. Primarily, if the spoiler is attached to the pipeline, the projected area is increased resulting in higher flow velocity toward the back and strong vortex caused by wake stream in the back. Secondly, the spoiler causes vertically asymmetric flow and vorticity fields and thus asymmetric pressure field. It increases the asymmetry of force on the pipe and thus develops large downward fluid force. Both of them are the causes of selfburying of the pipeline with spoiler.