• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.483-490
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• 2009

In recent years, shipping and ports industries are faced with enormous changes like globalization, market liberalization and borderless businesses. To cope with this competitive environment, a certain form of cooperation among ports is necessary to provide high quality of services and lower costs to establish their market power against shipping companies. The purpose of this study is to identify the motivation of the strategic alliances between ports and demonstrate the level of importance using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Among four motivations of the strategic alliances which are strategic motivation, economic motivation, operational motivation and marketing motivation, economic motivation is the most important factor for ports alliances than other factors. This is because economic motivation among strategic alliances allow ports in the same market to rationalize supply and demand, thus avoiding unnecessary over-supply and over-competition and also can reduce service costs by using comparative advantages of each partner which make costs cheaper.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2021

There is increasing awareness in the international alliance literature that the firm performance effects of the alliance portfolio go beyond the effects of the individual alliances. I enrich this nascent perspective by developing a alliance portfolio composition framework based on the alliance portfolio dimensions - underpinned by the simultaneity of quantitative and qualitative factors in international portfolio - that enhances firms' financial performance. This paper assesses the impact on firm performance of composing the alliance dimension within a firm's international alliance portfolio. In an unbalanced panel data analysis with fixed effects of the performance of 502 firms operating in the Korean manufacturing industry during 2011-2017, I test whether firm's three dimension of international alliance portfolio affect on firm financial performance. I find that the intensity of international alliance have significantly positive effect on the firm performance. And following the moderating analysis of three portfolio dimension-functional, relational, and attribute, all of each three international alliance portfolio has positive moderating effects on the relationship between the alliance intensity and firm performance. These results indicate that firms should consider and form simultaneous approaches to exploit the international alliance based on the alliance portfolio dimensions with intensity of alliance portfolio.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2014

This paper aims to empirically examine how shipping companies can effectively acquire knowledge from their strategic alliance partners. This paper adopts cooperative network embeddedness mechanism, such as network density and tie closeness, as a channel through which to acquire more knowledge for shipping participants within a strategic alliance network. This study also examines the moderating role of competition between alliance partners in reinforcing the effectiveness of the cooperative relationships on the knowledge acquisition. Based on the literature, hypotheses to predict the aforementioned associations between cooperative network embeddedness and knowledge acquisition and the moderating role of competition in facilitating that association are established. A quantitative research method using survey data conducted in the Korean shipping industry was employed in order to empirically test the presented hypotheses. The results show that if players in a shipping alliance network are embedded in a dense network and have close relationships with their alliance partners, this helps to facilitate a greater degree of knowledge acquisition from the partners; and the impact of network density on the knowledge acquisition would be intensified with the higher level of competition between shipping companies.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-43
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• 2012

Alliance formation has been recognized as an important strategy for firms who seek to survive through acquisition of sustainable competitive advantages. Specifically in high-tech industries, firms may consider formation of strategic alliances in order to access valuable external knowledge. These firms tend to be situated in a dilemma that they should choose between exploration and exploitation, which are two types of strategic choices suggested by March (1991). Working out the dilemma has been extensively discussed in the area of strategy or organization learning. Recently, however, an increasing number of studies have stressed on a balance between exploration and exploitation. Regarded as 'ambidextrous organizations' (Lavie and Rosenkopf, 2006), these firms that simultaneously pursue exploration and exploitation have emerged in high-tech industries, and many studies have provided evidence of positive association between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance. In the strategic alliance research, accordingly, scholars began to pay attention to the balanced choice between exploration-and exploitation-oriented alliances. Given these backgrounds, this study examines the relationship between alliance ambidexterity and firm performance. While previous research approached alliance ambidexterity mainly from the number of alliances, our study suggests ambidexterity in terms of alliance portfolio and alliance partner. Our dataset consists of biotechnology or pharmaceutical firms in the United States, which spans time period between 1990 and 2005. We conduct panel data analysis. The results show the strong link between alliance ambidexterity and firm performance, highlighting the balance between exploration and exploitation when firms make strategic decisions.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-70
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• 2009

Social network is one of the representative analytical method of the complexity theory and this research analyzed various and unique strategic alliance model of e-business domain using social network technique. A lot of small and medium firms of e-business field had developed many useful type of strategic alliances for the firms tried to maximize the effect of advertisement, marketing and to make up for their weak points and to compete with huge company with capital strength long before. But it is too rare to analyze the structure of the firm networks and to study the evolution and extension of business model considered the role of each company in the network. Social network analysis helps each firm's network easily visualized and completely modelized. Additionally, this paper cries to analyze the relationship between the role of hub and broke in the firm networks for strategic alliance, and financial performance. We demonstrate the firm with finer business model to the business environment can make higher financial performance. This implies that the firm that can create new finer business model, will lead the network of e-business firms and evolve the industry of e-business.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper uses the resource-dependency theory to present the case of the Pakistan sugar industry to highlight how the industry uses a strategic alliance to gain a powerful bargaining position over its critical dependencies. The case of the Pakistan sugar industry is well-known and it is common knowledge that the alliance or the cartel within it is responsible for frequent price hikes and sugar supply shortages in the country. Research design, data and methodology: We use a case study, qualitative document analysis design to trace how the alliance overcomes its various dependencies, and in doing so, how does it harm various stakeholder interests. Results: This paper finds that the sugar industry alliance maintains its bargaining power by manipulating sugar supply through horizontal alliances, political affiliations, underselling and under-reporting sugar stocks, purchasing sugarcane from the black market, and by gaining billions of rupees in export subsidies by hoarding stock and using its political connections. Conclusion: The paper concludes by providing a summary of the measures which the government has taken to curb this anticompetitive conduct; the most important of which is the removal of protectionist measures for sugar trade and allowing market forces to control the demand and supply of sugar in the local market.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

From the beginning of 1990s , also in the shipping industry, especially liner shipping industry competition has been more intensive and difference of the service quality among shipping companies has been learned . On the other hand, a shipping company has some limitations to do its international mission for itself just by broadening service area. For this reason, the necessity for the global strategi alliance among the shipping companies, which is orginally aimed at sharing of facilities and organixation, has been developed. Through strategic alliance, liner shipping companies do not need to input the additional capitals to increase the material assets such as vessel capacity and spread the risk by the enlargement of the market. Also, they can secure the competitive edge through efficient utilizaton of assets. The purpose of strategic alliance of Hanjin Shipping Ltd., can be summarized as follows ; broadening of service area, cost reduction through vessel sharing, realization of rationalized shipping service by terminal and equipment or facilities sharing. Liner strategic alliances are agreement among liner companies to pol their equipment , andterminals for joint operations and services in which each alliance partner continues to serve its market using jointly operated or used inland feeders,inland terminals, port terminals, and mainline fleets of ship as well as joint pools of containers and equipment. Strategic alliances are generally more formal agreements than consortia and impose longer term and far reaching obligation on their members. It also acts as one in developing and advancing the strategic aims of the alliance members. The most important objective for liner strategic alliances is cost reduction and improvement in capital asset utilization. Main aims of strategic alliance drawn in this paper, can be enumerated follows : 1. improvements in service frequency and quality : 2. improvements in vessel and equipment utilization and thereby reductions in fixed and variable cost ; 3. improvements in market shares and high value cargo booking ; 4. reductions in intermodal storage and port terminal throughput costs ; 5. improvements in negotiating powers with ports and feeder transport providers ; 6. reduction in financial and other fixed costs such as insurance; 7. coordination and integration of MIS and EDI systems and service for greater efficiency and market penetration ; and, 8. improvements in logistic chain management and economic of scale by equipment depot, terminal, and vessel sharing.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2014

The information technologies industry is now experiencing a rebirth of strong stable growth. However, very few studies have examined performance implications of strategic alliance or merger and acquisition from a knowledge-based view. Furthermore, none of these studies have investigated resource complementarities and alliance or merger and acquisition motive as potential sources of firm performance. This paper extends upon current knowledge-based literature to discover and explore linkages between resource complementarities and firm performance of strategic alliances or merger acquisitions. This study finds that strategic alliance and merger and acquisition announcements have provided abnormal positive returns of production alliances and merger and acquisition. This study can be used as a stepping stone for selection of strategic alliance or merger and acquisition.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.3 s.30
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• pp.134-150
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• 2006

This research is based on the survey of strategic alliance of the foodservice industry conducted by interviewing their customers. We found out that cooperating and information of benefits influenced revisiting followed by service quality and customer satisfaction. As a result of research, we noticed that for breaking through the depression and having synergic effects among the enterprises, providing high service and quality to customer is a key to success. It must be used as an essential part of marketing strategic plans for maintaining and increasing customers, guiding partner selection among the enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.139-161
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• 2005

This study aims to suggest a strategic alliance between libraries and publishers in Korea. When it considers the linear distribution channel of current publications and the entity and a butterfly effect of knowledge communication crisis, the publishers as production agency and the library as consuming subject must search a strategic cooperative plans. In order to achieve this goal, the study analysed the four issues(fixed book prices, library infrastructure, book and library supply policy of government, legal deposit system) which is important.