• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2011

Transformation behavior and shape memory characteristics of Ti-(45-x)Ni-5Cu-xCr (x=0.5-2.0) alloys have been investigated by means of electrical resistivity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and thermal cycling tests under constant load. Two-stage B2-B19-B19' transformation occurred in Ti-(45-x)Ni-5Cu-xCr alloys. The B2-B19 transformation was separated clearly from the B19-B19' transformation in Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-1.0Cr and Ti-43.5Ni-5Cu-1.5Cr alloys. A temperature range where the B19 martensite exists was expanded with increasing Cr content because decreasing rate of Ms (85 K / % Cr) was larger than that of Ms' (17 K / % Cr). Ti-(45-x)Ni-5Cu-xCr alloys were deformed in plastic manner with a fracture strain of 68% ~ 43% depending on Cr content. Substitution of Cr for Ni improves the critical stress for slip deformation in a Ti-45Ni-5Cu alloy due to solid solution hardening.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2011

건축물의 안전한 내진설계를 위해서는 층간변위비 뿐만 아니라 부재에 요구되는 소성변형을 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 비선형해석 없이 탄성해석을 사용하여 강기둥-약보로 설계된 철골 특수모멘트골조의 보에 요구되는 소성변형을 평가하는 간편한 방법을 개발하였다. 개발한 방법은 탄성해석 결과를 근거로 모멘트 재분배, 기둥 단면치수 및 보 소성힌지 이동, 패널존 변형, 중력하중, 변형경화 거동 등을 고려하여 보의 소성변형각을 직접적으로 예측한다. 또한 가새골조 또는 코어벽 등 횡력 저항구조와 모멘트골조의 상호 작용인 로킹 효과 고려한다. 검증을 위하여 강기둥-약보로 설계된 6층 특수모멘트골조에 제안된 방법을 적용하여 보의 소성변형각을 예측하고, 그 결과를 비선형 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 검증 결과, 제안된 방법은 설계 변수에 따른 보의 소성변형각을 합리적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 FR-ECC의 수축특성과 균열도입 전후의 내동해성을 평가하였으며, FR-ECC를 활용한 다층복공구조의 지수성능과 박리박락저항성, 또한 FR-ECC로 단면복구 된 보부재의 휨성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, FR-ECC는 소성수축에 의한 균열 및 건조수축에 의한 길이변화율이 기존의 보수모르터에 비해 크게 저감되었으며, 구속상태에서의 건조수축에 대한 균열저항성이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, FR-ECC는 내동해성이 매우 우수하였으며, 균열도입 후에도 동결융해작용에 의한 인장성능의 저하는 확인되지 않았다. 한편, FR-ECC로 보수된 휨부재는 초기균열모멘트, 항복모멘트 및 극한모멘트 등의 휨성능이 증대되었으며, 멀티플크랙 특성에 의해 휨파괴시까지 균열폭을 안정적으로 제어할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.189-213
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• 2020

Stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steels that are manufactured by metallurgically bonding stainless steels as cladding metal and conventional mild steels as substrate metal, are kind of advanced steel plate products. Such advanced composite steels are gaining increasingly widespread usage in a range of engineering structures and have great potential to be used extensively for large civil and building infrastructures. Unfortunately, research work on the SC bimetallic steels from material level to structural design level for the applications in structural engineering field is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the material behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels under the cyclic loading which structural steels usually could encounter in seismic scenario. A number of SC bimetallic steel coupon specimens are tested under monotonic and cyclic loadings. The experimental monotonic and cyclic stress-strain curves of the SC bimetallic steels are obtained and analysed. The effects of the clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of cladding layer to the total thickness of SC bimetallic steel plate on the monotonic and cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels are studied. Based on the experimental observations, a cyclic constitutive model with combined hardening criterion is recommended for numerical simulation of the cyclic behaviour of the SC bimetallic steels. The parameters of the constitutive model for the SC bimetallic steels with various clad ratios are calibrated. The research outcome presented in this paper may provide essential reference for further seismic analysis of structures fabricated from the SC bimetallic steels.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 말뚝의 인발저항에 대한 합리적 평가를 위하여, 다양한 지반 조건(상대밀도, 세립분 함유율)에서 말뚝의 인발거동 모사에 대한 유한요소해석의 적용성을 평가하였다. 즉, 기존의 실내모형실험 결과(You et al., 2018)를 대상으로 동일한 조건에서의 유한요소해석을 실시하였고, 유한요소해석에 이용된 해석모델의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 또한 수치해석을 활용한 말뚝의 인발거동 모사에 대한 적정성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 가상지반이 적용된 축대칭 해석을 이용하여 말뚝의 주면마찰력을 평가할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 다양한 지반 조건에 대하여 말뚝-지반 경계면의 전단저항 특성을 반영할 수 있는 축대칭 해석은 말뚝의 합리적인 인발거동 모사가 가능한 해석방법으로 활용이 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 제안된 해석모델은 말뚝의 응력-변형 관계를 통한 인발거동을 적절하게 모사할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2021

The time-history finite element analysis is usually used to evaluate the seismic response of shallow foundations. However, the literature lacks studies on the influence of the soil constitutive model complexity on the seismic response of shallow foundations. This study, thus, aims to fill this gap by investigating the seismic response of shallow foundation resting on dry silica sand using the linear elastic (LE) model, elastic-perfectly-plastic (EPP) model, and hardening soil with small strain stiffness (HS small) model. These models have been used because it is intended to compare the results of a soil constitutive model that accurately captures the seismic response of the soil-structure interaction problems (which is the HS small model) with simpler models (the LE and EPP models) that are routinely used by practitioners in geotechnical designs. The results showed that the LE model produces a very small seismic settlement value which is approximately equal to zero. The EPP model predicts a seismic settlement higher than that produced using the HS small model for earthquakes with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) lower than 0.25 g for a relative density of 45% and 0.40 g for a relative density of 70%. However, the HS small model predicts a seismic settlement higher than the EPP model beyond the aforementioned PGA values with the difference between both models increases as the PGA rises. The results also showed that the LE and EPP models predict similar trend and magnitude of the acceleration-time relationship directly below the foundation, which was different than that predicted using the HS small model. The results reported in this paper provide a useful benchmark for future numerical studies on the response of shallow foundations subjected to seismic shake.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.761-773
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• 2021

This study presents a 3D non-linear finite element (FE) assessment of dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI). The numerical investigation has been performed on the time domain through a Finite Element (FE) system, while considering the nonlinear behavior of soil and the multi-directional nature of genuine seismic events. Later, the FE outcomes are analyzed to the recorded in-situ free-field and structural movements, emphasizing the numerical model's great result in duplicating the observed response. In this work, the soil response is simulated using an isotropic hardening elastic-plastic hysteretic model utilizing HSsmall. It is feasible to define the non-linear cycle response from small to large strain amplitudes through this model as well as for the shift in beginning stiffness with depth that happens during cyclic loading. One of the most difficult and unexpected tasks in resolving soil-structure interaction concerns is picking an appropriate ground motion predicted across an earthquake or assessing the geometrical abnormalities in the soil waves. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized to properly forecast the non-linear behavior of soil and its multi-directional character, which demonstrated the accuracy of the ANN based on the RMSE and R² values. The total result of this research demonstrates that complicated dynamic soil-structure interaction processes may be addressed directly by passing the significant simplifications of well-established substructure techniques.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.382-389
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• 2022

A typical trade-off relationship exists between strength and elongation in face-centered cubic metals. Studies have recently been conducted to enhance strength without ductility reduction through surface-treatment-based ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM), which creates a gradient microstructure in which grains become smaller from the inside to the surface. The transformation-induced plasticity effect in Fe-Mn alloys results in excellent strength and ductility due to their high work-hardening rate. This rate is achieved through strain-induced martensitic transformation when an alloy is plastically deformed. In this study, Fe-6%Mn powders with different sizes were prepared by high-energy ball milling and sintered through spark plasma sintering to produce Fe-6%Mn samples. A gradient microstructure was obtained by stacking the different-sized powders to achieve similar effects as those derived from UNSM. A compressive test was performed to investigate the mechanical properties, including the yielding behavior. The deformed microstructure was observed through electron backscatter diffraction to determine the effects of gradient plastic deformation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2022

Steel fiber composite bar (SFCB) is a novel type of reinforcement, which has good ductility and durability performance. Due to the unique pseudo strain hardening tensile behavior of SFCB, different flexural behavior is expected of SFCB reinforced concrete (SFCB-RC) beams from traditional steel bar reinforced concrete (S-RC) beams and FRP bar reinforced concrete (F-RC) beams. To investigate the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beam, four points bending tests were carried out and different flexural behaviors between S/F/SFCB-RC beams were discussed. An flexural analytical model of SFCB-RC beams is proposed and proved by the current and existing experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the influence of the fiber volume ratio R of the SFCB on the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC beams is discussed. The results show that the proposed model is effective for all S/F/SFCB-RC flexural members. Fiber volume ratio R is a key parameter affecting the flexural behavior of SFCB-RC. By controlling the fiber volume ratio of SFCB reinforcements, the flexural behavior of the SFCB-RC flexural members such as bearing capacity, bending stiffness, ductility and repairability of SFCB-RC structures can be designed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.487-502
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• 2023

In the realm of nanotechnology, the nonlocal strain gradient theory takes center stage as it scrutinizes the behavior of spinning cantilever nanobeams and nanotubes, pivotal components supporting various mechanical movements in sport structures. The dynamics of these structures have sparked debates within the scientific community, with some contending that nonlocal cantilever models fail to predict dynamic softening, while others propose that they can indeed exhibit stiffness softening characteristics. To address these disparities, this paper investigates the dynamic response of a nonlocal cantilever cylindrical beam under the influence of external discontinuous dynamic loads. The study employs four distinct models: the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, Timoshenko beam model, higher-order beam model, and a novel higher-order tube model. These models account for the effects of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in the radial tube direction, giving rise to nanotubes with varying properties. The Hamilton principle is employed to formulate the governing differential equations and precise boundary conditions. These equations are subsequently solved using the generalized differential quadrature element technique (GDQEM). This research not only advances our understanding of the dynamic behavior of nanotubes but also reveals the intriguing phenomena of both hardening and softening in the nonlocal parameter within cantilever nanostructures. Moreover, the findings hold promise for practical applications, including drug delivery, where the controlled vibrations of nanotubes can enhance the precision and efficiency of medication transport within the human body. By exploring the multifaceted characteristics of nanotubes, this study not only contributes to the design and manufacturing of rotating nanostructures but also offers insights into their potential role in revolutionizing drug delivery systems.