• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2007

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in periodontitis. Co-culture systems of mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and bone marrow-derived preosteoclasts were used as an in vitro osteoclast differentiation. This study revealed that co-cultures using ddY or ICR mouse strain responded differently to LPS while responded equally to $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. Thus, the different response to LPS indicates dissimilarity of two mouse stains in their capacity for generating osteoclasts while the two mouse strains share the similarity in response to $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. To identify which cells between osteoblasts and preosteoclasts in the co-culture are responsible for the dissimilarity, the reciprocal co-cultures were performed between ddY and ICR mouse strains. The treatment of $1,25(OH)_2D_3$ to ddY/ICR (osteoblasts from ddY/preosteoclasts from ICR) and ICR/ddY reciprocal co-cultures also showed the similarity. In case of LPS treatment, the results of ddY/ICR were similar to ddY/ddY and the results of the other reciprocal co-culture, ICR/ddY combination, were consistent with those of ICR/ICR. It suggests that the dissimilarity between the two mouse strains may resident in osteoblasts but not in preosteoclasts. Therefore, the osteoblast is responsible for mouse strain-dependent osteoclastogenesis in response to LPS. Although mouse models will continue to provide insights into molecular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis, caution should be exercised when using different mouse strains, especially ddY and ICR strains as models for osteoclast differentiation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

The most frequent type of safety-accident in industry is the overturning of forklift. The leading cause of this accident is overload in forklift. Thus, it is needed to measure the weight on board of forklift. The most common method is based on load cell, and this method has the merit of high accuracy. However, high price is the disadvantage of this method. In this paper, we propose the new measurement system of the weight on board of forklift based on the strain gauge sensor, which has the disadvantage of low accuracy. The differentiation of the proposed system is that the shape of the strain gauge sensor customized for anchor bolt of forklift in order to improve the accuracy and durability. In system four strain gauge sensors are inserted into four anchor bolts. The test result shows that 1% error of measurement is obtained in the proposed anchor bolt type strain gauge sensors.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.511-517
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• 2007

A stable method for strain distinction using viral RNA 1 structures analyses was developed and compared with the combined RT-PCR and RAPD methods. Seven out of 61 random primers were found to be polymorphic based on RAPD analysis resulting on the differentiation of the 33 BaYMV isolates into four distinct groups according to geographical districts. The first and largest group includes 13 isolate and consists mainly of two-rowed malting barley in Haenam area. The second group had ten collections from inland in west southern. The third group had seven isolates from west southern coastal region, where mainly six-rowed naked barley is cultivated. The last fourth group included three isolates from Gyungnam region in east southern area. Conclusively, RNA 1 analysis proved to be stable and efficient method for strain distinction for Korean BaYMV isolates. Further, results of pathogenicity and RNA 1 structure analyses revealed four groups BaYMV strains and were distributed all over Korea, represented by Naju, Haenam-okcheon, Iksan and Milyang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.194-198
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• 2022

Clear cell hidradenoma (CCH) is a rare tumor of the sweat glands of eccrine or apocrine differentiation. It can occur anywhere in the body, but common sites of involvement are the head, face, trunk, and extremities. Although several reports have described sonographic findings of CCH, only one study on the axilla mentioned its strain elastographic findings. Here, we present a case of CCH in the right calf with its sonographic and strain elastographic findings in a tumor that looked like an epidermoid tumor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2262-2269
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• 2002

Process optimization is carried out to determine process parameters which satisfy the given design requirement and constraint conditions in sheet metal forming processes. Sensitivity -based-approach is utilized for the optimum searching of process parameters in sheet metal forming precesses. The scheme incorporates an elasto-plastic finite element method with shell elements . Sensitivities of state variables are calculated from the direct differentiation of the governing equation for the finite element analysis. The algorithm developed is applied to design of the variablc blank holding force in deep drawing processes. Results show that determination of process parameters is well performed to control the major strain for preventing fracture by tearing or to decrease the amount of springback for improving the shape accuracy. Results demonstrate that design of process parameters with the present approach is applicable to real sheet metal forming processes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.575-581
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• 2009

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are essential for cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. This report presents the characterization of an ODC-encoding cDNA (SlitODC) isolated from a moth species, the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera); its expression in a polyamine-deficient strain of yeast, S. cerevisiae; and the recovery in polyamine levels and proliferation rate with the introduction of the insect enzyme. SlitODC encodes 448 amino acid residues, 4 amino acids longer than B. mori ODC that has 71% identity, and has a longer C-terminus, consistent with B. mori ODC, than the reported dipteran enzymes. The null mutant yeast strain in the ODC gene, SPE1, showed remarkably depleted polyamine levels; in putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, the levels were > 7, > 1, and > 4%, respectively, of the levels in the wild-type strain. This consequently caused a significant arrest in cell proliferation of > 4% of the wild-type strain in polyamine-free media. The transformed strain, with the substituted SlitODC for the deleted endogenous ODC, grew and proliferated rapidly at even a higher rate than the wild-type strain. Furthermore, its polyamine content was significantly higher than even that in the wild-type strain as well as the spe1-null mutant, particularly with a very continuously enhanced putrescine level, reflecting no inhibition mechanism operating in the putrescine synthesis step by any corresponding insect ODC antizymes to SlitODC in this yeast system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2002

Streptomyces shows a eukaryotic characteristic that vegetative cell can grow into mycelial form and has morphological and physiological differentiation at a certain period during its life cycle. Streptomyces has been used for the production of many biologically active compounds, such as antibiotics and pronase. Production of second metabolites and differentiation of the vegetative cell share the certain period of its lift cycle. Therefore, second metabolites may affect the differentiation of the vegetative cell. One of the microbial hormone, called A-factor, regulates the production of second metabolites, sporulation and differentiation of the cells. Streptomyces griseus produces streptomycin as well as many different kinds of proteinase. As mentioned, period of proteinases production overlaps with the period of differentiation of the vegetative cells. Protease may play a important role for the differentiation of the cells. In this paper, function of the SGPD gene cloned from S. griseus IFO 13350 tested whether it affects for the differentiation of A-factor mutated S. griseus HH1 and S. griseus IFO13350. pWHM3 and pWHM3-sprD plasmid was transformed into S. griseus HH1 and S. griseus IFO13350. Chymotrypsin activity of the cultured medium of the transformants with pWHM3-sprD plasmid didn't show any change with that of the transformants with plasmid only. The transformants with pWHM3-sprD plasmid didn't show the increase of the production of actinorhodin as well as morphological change in S. griseus IFO 13350 and HH1, as well. The promoter sequences of the SGPA and SGPB gene which encode chymotrypsin-like protease, were compared with that of SGPD gene. Regulatory mechanism of gene expression of proteinase genes will be studied for the development of high production system for protease as well as the function of the proteases.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.49-69
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• 1988

In order to develop a cropping system that can produce garlic in the period of short supply from March to April, effects of low temperature treatment of seed bulbs and planting dates, starting date of low temperature treatment, days of low temperature treatment on plant growth, maturity and yield were studied in Southern strain, 'Namhae' and in Northern strain, 'Euiseong' of garlic (Allium sativum). The results obtained were as follows. In Sorthern strain, sprouting was significantly enhanced by low temperature treatment only in Sep. 14, and Sep. 29 plantings. Days to sprout were least in 30 days of low temperature treatment of Sep. 14 planting and in 45 days treatment of Sep. 29 planting. When considering on the beginning date of low temperature treatment, a marked difference was observed between treatments started before July 31 and after Aug. 15. Sprouting was most enhanced in 45 days low temperature treatment of Aug. 15 and Aug. 30 plantings. In Northern strain, sprouting was en hanced by low temperature treatment in planting from Sep. 29 to Nov. 13 and low temperature treatment for 60 days was most effective. Effect of low temperature treatment on early plant growth was observed in Sep. 14 and Sep. 29 plantings, but the effect on plant growth at intermediate stage or thereafter was observed in up to Oct. 29 plantings. Optimun days for low temperature treatment on growth enhancement was 45 and 60 days in Southern strain and 60 days in Northern strain in each planting dates. In Southern strain, the longer the low temperature treatment and the later the planting date the less the number of leaves developed. In Northern strain, normal leaves were not developed in plantings from Sep. 14 to Nov. 13. In Southern strain, clove differentiation and bulbing were earlist in 45 and 60 days treatment of Sep. 14, Sep. 29, and Oct. 14 planting initiated on July 31 and Aug. 15. In Northern strain, clove differentiation and bulbing were earlist in 60 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting initiated on Aug. 15 and Aug. 30. In treatment initiated later than above, longer the low temperature treatment the earlier the clove differentiation and bulbing in both Southern and Northern strains. The earlier the initiation date and the longer of low temperature treatment, the earlier bolting in southern strain. In Northern strain, bolting was most enhanced in 45 and 60 days of low temperature treatment initiated on Aug. 15 and Aug. 30. The longer the low temperature treatment in plantings thereafter, the earlier the bolting. The earlier the planting date garlic bulbs. Harvest date was earliest in 45 and 60 days low temperature treatment started from July 31 to Aug. 30 in Southern strain, and it was in 60 and 90 days low temperature treatment initiated from July 31 to Aug. 30 in Northern strain. Bulb weight was heaviest in 45 days low temperature treatment of Oct. 14 planting and next was in 45 days treatment of Sep. 29 planting in Southern strain. In Northern strain, bulb weight was heaviest in 60 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting and next was in 45 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting. When considered in the aspect of the beginning date of low temperature treatment, bulb weight was heaviest in 45 days treatment started on Aug. 30 in Southern strain and in 60 days treatment started on Aug. 15 in Northern strain. A high negative correlation between days to harvest and plant height on January 12, and a high positive correlation between days to harvest and days clove differentiation were observed. This indicates that enhanced plant growth and clove differentiation induced by low temperature treatment advanced the harvest date. A high negative correlation between bulb weight and days to clove differentiation, days to harvest suggests that the enhanced clove differentiation result and in heavier bulb weight. From the above results, it suggested that early crop of garlic can be harvested by planting at the period of Sep. 29 to Oct. 14 after 45 days of low temperature treatment of seed bulbs of Southern strain. Then harvest date can be shortened by 30 days compared to control and garlic can be harvested in early April.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.160-170
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• 2019

The lactic acid bacteria species Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) has been used extensively for vaccine delivery. Considering to the critical role of dendritic cells in stimulating host immune response, in this study, we constructed a novel CD11c-targeting L. plantarum strain with surface-displayed variable fragments of anti-CD11c, single-chain antibody (scFv-CD11c). The newly designed L. plantarum strain, named 409-aCD11c, could adhere and invade more efficiently to bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) in vitro due to the specific interaction between scFv-CD11c and CD11c located on the surface of BMDCs. After incubation with BMDCs, the 409-aCD11c strain harboring a eukaryotic vector pValac-GFP could lead to more efficient expression of GFP compared with wild-type strains shown by flow cytometry analysis, indicating the enhanced translocation of pValac-GFP from L. plantarum to BMDCs. Similar results were also observed in an in vivo study, which showed that oral administration resulted in efficient expression of GFP in both Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) within 7 days after the last administration. In addition, the CD11c-targeting strain significantly promoted the differentiation and maturation of DCs, the differentiation of $IL-4^+$ and $IL-17A^+$ T helper (Th) cells in MLNs, as well as production of $B220^+$ $IgA^+$ B cells in the PP. In conclusion, this study developed a novel DC-targeting L. plantarum strain which could increase the ability to deliver eukaryotic expression plasmid to host cells, indicating a promising approach for vaccine study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2021

Aloe has been widely used as a cosmetic and medicinal plant. Until now, several effects such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunity and whitening of aloe gel extract have been reported, but research on aloe by-products occurring in food processing has not been actively conducted. In this study, we investigated whether the aloe by-product extract from food processing could be used as a functional biomaterial. Cytotoxicity was not seen in both the mixer and press extracts. Inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was detected only in the mixer extract and not in the press. It was confirmed that hyaluronic acid accumulation and tyrosinase inhibition increased according to the treatment concentration of the mixer extract. The antimicrobial activity of the mixer extract was observed in the Porphyromonas gingivalis strain, but not in the Streptococcus mutans strain. Antioxidant activity through DPPH and SOD analysis increased with the concentration of the mixer extract. In summary, it was confirmed that the mixer extract of aloe by-products has the effect of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, moisturizing, whitening, and antioxidant, suggesting the possibility of using it as a functional bio-material for health drinks or beauty masks.