• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.250-254
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• 2005

Burns due to epileptic seizures are commonly deep and usually require operative treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of burned epileptic patients that could lead to the development of preventive programs to reduce the incidence of burn injuries. We analyzed epidemiological data for 34 patients acutely burned due to epileptic seizure admitted retrospectively. There were 15 male and 19 female subjects. The age distribution was from 6 years to 70 years with the mean age of 42.7 years. Seizures usually occurred while carrying out daily domestic chores. Scalding burns were the most common(38.2%) and most burns were above deep second degree(94.1%). The most common seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic, followed by absence and complex partial. The seizure mostly occurred in the morning because the therapeutic blood level of antiepileptic drugs was decreased extremely at that time by stopping drug arbitrarily or taking inadequately. So more frequent follow-ups at the neurology outpatient clinics for epileptics should be strictly reinforced to maintain the adequate therapeutic blood levels of antiepileptic drugs and fire protective implements should be prepared in the house.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

"The prohibition of careless or reckless flight" is the regulation specified not only in the national air law but ICAO ANNEX and FAR. This article(item) has not been categorized properly unlike other items and the question such as why this is described as a fundamental and essential act can be answered only by the party subjected to administrative measures in case of Korea and this kind of violation is so rare that it is not easy to understand the legal meaning and the function of the term, "The prohibition of careless or reckless flight" In case of U.S where aviation cases are common, the distinction between the term "careless" or "reckless" operation depends on whether to recognize the given situation. Some incidents happened by failing to aware NOTAM, violating ATC, or T/W landing where a pilot did not recognize the violation itself are considered to be "Careless" flight. Others such as low altitude high speed flight, approximate flight, Rejecting ATC instruction where a pilot intends to or is remiss in safety are regarded as "Reckless" flight. For pilots who are required to take the highest level of care from preparing for flight to stopping engines or completely disembarking passengers from a plane, the clear understanding of the most basic concept of "careless" or "reckless" flight should be emphasized for the safe flight and it is the time for the authorities to set a standard for proper measures by definite legal interpretations.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Objective : For the purpose of investigating the herbal resources of Dokdo island, this study was designed. Method : For the first time, we searched the native plants of Dokdo island from research data. And we examined herbological books on the plants of Dokdo island. Result : The native herbaceous plants in Dokdo island were 27 family and 73 species, and the medicinal plants were 49 species among them. The woody plants in Dokdo island were 12 family and 13 species, and the medicinal plants were 10 species among them. The main medicinal parts of medicinal plants were the whole body of herbs, roots, and seeds in order. The herbal medicines with cold or cool nature were 45 species, they took the top nature of the herbal medicines. According to the properties and principal action of native herbal medicines in Dokdo island, the major parts were classified into drugs for clearing away heat, eliminating toxin, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis, urination, removing heat from the blood and stopping of bleeding. The number of native herbal medicines with small toxicity in Dokdo island were 7 species. Conclusion : For the purpose of preserving the native plants of Dokdo island, we should recognize not only medical benefits but also matters that demand special attention.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.252-257
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• 2000

An efficient method is developed for mold thermal cycle analysis in repeated forming process, which is well suited to the analysis in TV glass production. plunger, which is a mold to press-form the glass, undergoes temperature fluctuation during a cycle due to the repeated contact and separation from the glass, which attains a cyclic steady state in the end. If analyzed straightforwardly of this problem, it leads to more than 80 cycles to get reasonable solution, and it is yet hard to setup stopping creteria due to extremely slow convergence. An exponential fitting method is proposed to solve the problem, where an exponential function is found to best approximate temperature values of 3 consecutive cycles, and new cycle is restarted with the function value at infinite time. From numerical implementation, it is found that the method reduces the number of cycles dramatically to only $6{\sim}15$ cycles to reach accurate solution within $1^{\circ}$ error. A system for the analysis is contructed, in which the thermal analysis is performed by commercial software ANSYS, and the fitting of the result is done by IMSL library.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.512-522
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• 2014

This paper proposes fast millimeter-wave (mm-wave) beam training protocols with receive beamforming. Both IEEE standards and the academic literature have generally considered beam training protocols involving exhaustive search over all possible beam directions for both the beamforming initiator and responder. However, this operation requires a long time (and thus overhead) when the beamwidth is quite narrow such as for mm-wave beams ($1^{\circ}$ in the worst case). To alleviate this problem, we propose two types of adaptive beam training protocols for fixed and adaptive modulation, respectively, which take into account the unique propagation characteristics of millimeter waves. For fixed modulation, the proposed protocol allows for interactive beam training, stopping the search when a local maximum of the power angular spectrum is found that is sufficient to support the chosen modulation/coding scheme. We furthermore suggest approaches to prioritize certain directions determined from the propagation geometry, long-term statistics, etc. For adaptive modulation, the proposed protocol uses iterative multi-level beam training concepts for fast link configuration that provide an exhaustive search with significantly lower complexity. Our simulation results verify that the proposed protocol performs better than traditional exhaustive search in terms of the link configuration speed for mobile wireless service applications.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2017

The aerial support air sculptures currently exhibited in indoor spaces are similar to simple ad balloons, using multiple rope strands. Users now want more advanced unfixed sculptures, and hope these will develop into buoyant sculptures that can maintain the attitudes that users want on their own. This study investigated an attitude control system for unfixed levitation sculptures that can levitate with no rope and continuously maintain a certain attitude at a height specified by the user. To facilitate levitation, the exterior part of the sculpture was made of lightweight fibers, and the interior part was filled with helium gas. The controller was composed of a microprocessor of the dsPIC30F line from microchip, gyro, acceleration, and earth magnetic field sensors, and a highly efficient brushless DC (BLDC) electric motor. The attitude and position control system requires scheduling considering the trajectories of the sculpture and the control system, because the roles of the overall components are more important than those of a single controller. Furthermore, the system was designed like a fusion system that is expanded and controlled as a total controller, because it is interconnected with various sensors. The attitude control system of buoyant sculptures was implemented in this study, such that it can actively cope with the position, direction, stopping, and time aspects. The system performance was then evaluated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3057-3075
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• 2020

End-to-end network delay plays an vital role in distributed services. This delay is used to measure QoS (Quality-of-Service). It would be beneficial to know all node-pair delay information, but unfortunately it is not feasible in practice because the use of active probing will cause a quadratic growth in overhead. Alternatively, using the measured network delay to estimate the unknown network delay is an economical method. In this paper, we adopt the state-of-the-art matrix completion technology to better estimate the network delay from limited measurements. Although the number of measurements required for an exact matrix completion is theoretically bounded, it is practically less helpful. Therefore, we propose an online adaptive sampling algorithm to measure network delay in which statistical leverage scores are used to select potential matrix elements. The basic principle behind is to sample the elements with larger leverage scores to keep the traits of important rows or columns in the matrix. The amount of samples is adaptively decided by a proposed stopping condition. Simulation results based on real delay matrix show that compared with the traditional sampling algorithm, our proposed sampling algorithm can provide better performance (smaller estimation error and less convergence pressure) at a lower cost (fewer samples and shorter processing time).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.66-73
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• 2006

This study focuses on the economies of launching regular air services between capital cities of South Korea and North Korea. The demand for traveling between these two cities is too small to justify scheduled air service. However, it may be possible to provide regular air service by utilizing via flight of incumbent Seoul-Beijing flights. There are numerous flight services between Seoul and Beijing and we may allow some of the Seoul-Beijing flights to stop by Pyung Yang for commercial traffic handling. This study tries to find the optimal discount rate which passengers traveling between Seoul and Beijing via Pyung Yang, the idea is reasonable considering the inconvenience of stopping at Pyung Yang. The Stated Preference Techniques are applied for the study. The required data were collected through interviews of passengers traveling from Seoul to Beijing. The major variables that are considered in flight choice are air fare, flying time, and flight frequency. The relative importance of these major variables is estimated by the logit models calibrated with stated preference data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2007

A rainwater utilization facility consists of its catchment area, treatment facility, storage tank, supply facility and pipes in general. The rainwater storage tank which occupies the largest area of the facility has been usually considered quantitatively for determining the storage capacity. Hence, there is little information on water quality improvement by sedimentation in a rainwater storage tank in operation. In this study, we measured the rainwater quality in a rainwater storage tank in operation during late spring and summer, and showed water quality improvement of turbidity removal of 25~46% by sedimentation in a rainwater storage tank under a fixed water level without inflow and outflow after runoff ceased. It is necessary to have a considerable distance between the inlet and outlet of the tank and, if possible, it is recommended that the design should allow for an effective water depth of over 3 m and supply rainwater near the water surface. The operation method which increases the retention time by stopping rainwater supply for insuring low turbidity is recommended when the turbidity of rainwater runoff is high. And also more efficient operation and maintenance of the rainwater utilization facility is expected through the tailored design and operation of the facility considering particle removal and behavior.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2019

This study examines the normalization of Korean GM management between the Korean government and GM in terms of external negotiation game and internal negotiation game using Putnam's Two-Level Games. In addition, GM's Win-set change and negotiation strategy were analyzed. This analysis suggested implications for the optimal negotiation strategy for mutual cooperation between multinational corporations and local governments in the global business environment. First, the negotiation strategy for Korea's normalization of GM management in Korea can be shifted to both the concession theory and the opposition theory depending on the situation change and the government policy centered on the cautious theory. Second, GM will maximize its bargaining power through 'brink-end tactics' by utilizing the fact that the labor market is stabilized, which is the biggest weakness of the Korean government, while maintaining a typical Win-set reduction strategy. GM will be able to restructure at any time in terms of global management strategy, and if the financial support of the Korean government is provided, it will maintain the local factory but withdraw the local plant at the moment of stopping the support. In negotiations on the normalization of GM management in Korea, it is necessary to prepare a problem and countermeasures for various scenarios and to maintain a balance so that the policy does not deviate to any one side.