• Title/Summary/Keyword: stool form

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Usefulness of Assessment of Stool Form by the Modified Bristol Stool Form Scale in Primary Care Pediatrics

  • Gulati, Reema;Komuravelly, Arpitha;Leb, Stephen;Mhanna, Maroun J;Ghori, Abdullah;Leon, Janeen;Needlman, Robert
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Rome criteria are considered the gold standard for diagnosing functional constipation. The modified Bristol stool form scale (m-BSFS) was validated to measure stool form in children. However, neither the potential use of the m-BSFS as a tool to facilitate the diagnosis of potential constipation, nor the agreement between m-BSFS and stool consistency by Rome has been studied. Our objective is to determine if m-BSFS is a reliable tool to facilitate detection of constipation; and the agreement between stool form by m-BSFS and hard stool criteria in Rome. Methods: A survey tool with the Rome III criteria and the m-BSFS was developed. A Likert-scale addressed frequency of each stool form on the m-BSFS. Responses to Rome III and m-BSFS were compared. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the m-BSFS was 79.2% and 66.0% respectively; and in children <4 years. improved to 81.2% and 75.0% respectively. There was poor agreement between hard stools by m-BSFS and the painful or hard bowel movement question of Rome Criteria. Conclusion: The potential utility of m-BSFS as a reasonably good tool to facilitate the diagnosis of potential constipation in children is shown. The poor agreement between painful or hard stool question in Rome III, and ratings for hard stool on the m-BSFS illustrates that one's perception may differ between a question and a picture. A useful pictorial tool to appraise stool form may, thus, be a favorable complement in the process of enquiry about bowel habits in well-child care.

The Correlation of Verbal Expression of Stool, Bristol Stool Form Scale and Colon Transit Time for Children with Gastrointestinal Symptoms (소화기 증상이 있는 환아의 대변표현형, Bristol 대변형태척도 및 대장통과시간검사와의 상관관계)

  • Lee, Yong Ju;Chung, Ki Sup
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among descriptions regarding one's stool, Bristol stool form scale and colon transit time (CTT) in children with gastrointestinal symptoms, along with the clinical significance of Bristol stool form scale. Methods: 489 patients treated in the pediatric department of Severance hospital with gastrointestinal symptoms between May 2002 to May 2004 were included. We analyzed their age, sex, verbal descriptions of stool, Bristol stool form types, and CTT measured by Metcalf's method. Results: 116 children were under 5 years of age, 202 children between 5.1~10, and 171 children 10 years of age or older. Their mean age was $8.2{\pm}3.9years$. Stools were described as loose in 65 children (13.3%), normal in 221 (45.2%), hard in 188 (38.4%), and mixed (loose+hard) in 15 (3.1%). According to Bristol stool form scale, 57 children(11.7%) were classified as type 1, 66 (13.5%) as type 2, 203 (41.5%) as type 3, 109 (22.3%) as type 4, 36 (7.4%) as type 5, 18 (3.7%) as type 6, and 1 (0.2%) as type 7. Their mean CTT was checked $35.9{\pm}19.5hours$. Though no significant relationship was observed between age and CTT (p=0.4), a significant relationship was noted among patient's stool description, Bristol stool form scale and CTT (p<0.001). However, concordance between stool description and Bristol stool form was relatively low in the loose stool group (29%) and normal stool group (37%) while high in the hard stool group (87%). Conclusion: Bristol stool form scale could be used in the estimation of CTT in clinical practice.

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A Case Report about Diarrhea of Soeumin Caused by Tube Feeding Treated with Korean Medicinal Treatment (경관 영양으로 유발된 소음인 설사에 관한 한방 처치 1례)

  • Ha, Jeong-been;Lee, Su-jung;Lew, Jae-hwan
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.150-158
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Soeumin-Seonghyangjeongki-san on diarrhea with tube feeding causing mental deterioration induced by subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in an 83-year-old male patient. Methods: The patient was treated with Soeumin-Seonghyangjeongki-san. His symptoms were assessed using the Bristol stool form index, the King's Stool Chart, and records of stool state. The treatment was executed for one week from September 10, 2018 to September 16, 2018. The patient was observed during that same period. Results: After being treated with Soeumin-Seonghyangjeongki-san for seven days, the patient's diarrhea symptoms were evaluated using the Bristol stool form index, the King's Stool Chart, and records of stool state. After the treatment, the results of all three evaluation methods showed that the patient's condition had improved. Conclusions: The results suggest that Soeumin-Seonghyangjeongki-san can be a valuable option for treating diarrhea with tube feeding causing mental deterioration induced by SDH.

Study on Origin and Creative Design of Korean Folding Stool (한국 호상(胡床)의 시원(始原)과 조형에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Sun Aa
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.156-182
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, the origin, development and features of a Korean folding stool are studied. A folding stool is a piece of collapsible seating furniture with its legs crossed in the form of the letter "X" and no back attached. In China, the folding stool was introduced from the West around the second century A.D. The folding stool of Korea was influenced by that of China. It is known from the records that the king used the folding stool from the Three Kingdom period. During the Koryo period, Chosun period and the modern period, the folding stool was used to show the authority of the king and nobleman. The folding stool was also used at outside places such as a hunting ground, a ceremonial walk, a battlefield, a garden etc. due to its portableness. Buddha worship policy of Koryo period supported the usage of the folding stool for shanding (禪定) by ascetics of Buddhist temple, or aristocrats. In a contemporary period, the folding stool is continuously produced and used as one kind of a folding chair due to its functionality, movability, storability and efficient space utilization. This research will serve as a momentum to investigate the origin and development of the East Asian seating furniture culture, and contribute to the further study and manufacturing of Korean seating furniture.

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A Case Study of a Serious Antibiotics-associated diarrhea Patient Treated with Modified Hyangsayukgunja-tang (중증 항생제 유발 설사 환자에 대한 향사육군자탕(香砂六君子湯) 가감방(加減方) 투여 1예)

  • Park, Soim;Kang, Da-Hyun;Seo, Ho-Seok;Kim, Jin-Won
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a therapeutic effects of a Korean herbal prescription for antibiotics-associated diarrhea. Methods : Modified Hyangsayukgunja-tang was prescribed once or twice a day to a antibiotics-associated diarrhea patient. To observe the therapeutic effects, the frequency of defecation was counted and Bristol Stool Form Index was used. Laboratory tests were conducted periodically. Results : The frequency of defecation was decreased from 9 times a day to once a day. According to Bristol Stool Form Index, stool form was improved from Type 7 to Type 5. The level of red blood cell, hemoglobin and albumin increased slightly from the day of admission to discharge. Conclusions : Hyangsayukgunja-tang can be a choosable treatment option for a serious antibiotics-associated diarrhea.

A Case Report of FOLFIRI-Induced Diarrhea in Patient with Metastatic Rectal Cancer Treated with Modified Wiryeong-tang (전이 직장암 환자의 FOLFIRI 유발 설사에 위령탕 가감방 치험 1례)

  • Yoon, Sung Soo;Kim, Eun Hye;Lee, Jee Young;Yoon, Seong Woo
    • Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : This study was aimed to describe a case of a patient with FOLFIRI-induced diarrhea, which was improved by treatment with Korean herbal medicine, modified Wiryeong-tang. Methods : The patient with metastatic rectal cancer recieved FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as a palliative chemotherapy and showed repetitive diarrhea despite administration of loperamide, which was treated with modified Wiryeong-tang. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, the Bristol Stool Form Scale and bowel movement frequency were checked. Results : During the treatment, the stool form using Bristol Stool Form Scale was improved from diarrhea to normal stool, and the bowel movement frequency was decreased. Conclusions : The result suggest that modified Wiryeong-tang may be an effective treatment for FOLFIRI-induced diarrhea.

Study on the Influence of Contemporary Art on Furniture Design -Based on the Analysis on with Key Features of Contemporary Art and Furniture Design-

  • Kim, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.543-551
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    • 2009
  • The history repeatedly shows that designers have sought their creative inspiration from fine arts. was also influenced by contemporary art such as surrealism or installment works. This thesis aims to examine the inter-relationship between contemporary art and contemporary furniture design with examples of organic modernism and minimalism furniture design. Also, will be analyzed in light of such interdisciplinary relationship, explaining the significances of in scholastic perspective. The previous research analysis of finding out examples of how fine art and design sought mutual exchanges to develop will help to examine the significance of in the context of art history. This analysis could be used as an important academic material to understand the origin and characteristics of modern design furniture. The features of surrealism and minimalism will be discussed in light of their influences on and interactive relationship with organic modernism furniture design. This provides important basic material to further analyze . Furthermore, the artistic language and plastic features of contemporary sculptors and installment artists such as Jean Arp, Richard Serra and Anish Kapoor will be examined to show how integrated and combined main features of those artists. extracted cognitive and phenomenological aspects from Serra's works that overwhelm viewers with their massive scales. Somewhat abstract yet somewhat primitive and dynamic features of Arp's works was also referred to . are made of FRP, composed of three partitions and six stools. This work was analyzed in aspect of form, composition and function. They have organic and flexible formations with free composition availability which endow free disassemble and arrangement. Also, they have cognitive features as of small elements are freely dispersed upon spaces to bestow certain presences. Based on this, this thesis could develop scholastic researches that examine the mutual and interactive relationship between contemporary art and furniture design with much more detailed discussions and examples.

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Effects of Daeseungki-tang on Constipated Stroke Patients (중풍환자의 편비에 대한 대승기탕의 임상적 연구)

  • 구본수;김영석;이대식;문상관;고창남;조기호;배형섭;이경섭
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.3-13
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    • 2000
  • Objectives : In oriental medicine, Daeseungki-tang is one of the most useful prescriptions for the therapy of constipation. And we also frequently use this prescription for constipated stroke patients. Methods : In order to identify the effects of Daeseungki-tang on constipated stroke patients, we administrated the extract of Daeseungki-tang(code number, HH264) to constipated stroke patients. We gave the medicine in two ways, one-pack group and two-pack group by random allocation and investigated the amount of stool, the frequency of defecation, the stool-form and the changes of blood pressure and body temperature before and after defecation. We also tried to examine the difference of symptoms between defecation-group and non-defecation group. Results : 1. There were no distinct symptoms between defecation-group and non-defecation-group in one-pack group. 2. After defecation, body temperature decreased significantly(P<0.05) in one-pack group and blood pressure decreased significantly(P<0.05) in two-pack group. 3. As for the stool-form, watery-soft was 41.9% in the firstt defecation and 47.1 % in the second defecation. 4. In one-pack group(23 cases), 13 cases(57%) defecated and 10 cases(43%) didn't defecate. And in two-pack group(24 cases), 19 cases(80%) defecated and 5 cases(20%) didn't defecate. These results meant that the effect of Daeseungki-tang was dose dependent. The amount of stool and the frequency of defecation were also dose dependent.

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Case Report of Chronic Diarrhea Treated with Omae-hwan (오매환으로 호전된 만성 설사 환자의 한방 치험 1례)

  • Seon-ju Ahn;Eun-seo Kim;Jin-sol Yoon;Young-su Lee
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.260-268
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study reported a clinical case of a chronic diarrhea patient who showed improvement with Korean medicine treatment. Methods: A patient with chronic diarrhea was treated with herbal medicine (Omae-hwan and Omae-hwan-ryo), acupuncture, cupping, and moxibustion. Changes in stool form were measured using the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS). The frequency of defecation was checked every day. The Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) was used to compare patients' quality of life before and after treatment. Results: Korean medicine treatment improved the stool form, frequency of defecation, and quality of life. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment containing Omae-hwan and Omae-hwan-ryo improves clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf. in Stroke Patient with Constipation (뇌졸중환자의 변비에서 지실 열수 추출물의 효과)

  • Moon, Hyo Jeong;Lee, Su Kyung;Noh, Se Eung;Joo, Min Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2016
  • Objectives To evaluate the effects and safety of the aqueous extract of the dried, immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf. (Rutaceae) (PF) in stroke patients with constipation. Methods A total of 22 patients were recruited. Patients were interviewed about the clinical informations, constipation score and Bristol stool form scale at twice, before intake PF and after intake PF 2 weeks. The total and segmental colon transit time (CTT) were measured by using radio-opaque markers (Kolomark$^{(R)}$). The degree of stool retention was evaluated by the plain abdominal radiography and was scored by Leech score. Results Before intake PF, constipation scores ranged from 3 to 12, average $6.54{\pm}2.87$ and Bristol stool form scale ranged from 1 to 6, average $3.86{\pm}1.21$. CTTs were $9.05{\pm}6.89hours$, $14.29{\pm}10.68hours$, $12.11{\pm}7.19hours$ and $35.40{\pm}19.5hours$ in the right, left, rectosigmoid and total colon, respectively. Stool retention score was $2.45{\pm}0.61$, $2.3{\pm}0.86$, $1.9{\pm}0.85$, $6.65{\pm}1.56$ in the right, left, rectosigmoid and total colon, respectively. After 2 weeks, constipation scores ranged from 2 to 8, average $4.28{\pm}2.05$ and Bristol stool form scale ranged from 1 to 6, average $4.17{\pm}1.04$. CTTs were $7.41{\pm}8.86hours$, $11.12{\pm}9.12 hours$, $8.83{\pm}8.75hours$ and $27.3{\pm}20.2$ hours in the right, left, rectosigmoid and total colon, respectively. Stool retention score was $1.9{\pm}0.64$, $2.2{\pm}0.69$, $1.4{\pm}0.88$, $5.5{\pm}1.39$ in the right, left, rectosigmoid and total colon, respectively. There were statistically significant difference in the total and rectosigmoid colon CTT and constipation score, Stool retention score in right and rectosigmoid colon (p<0.05) after PF therapy. Conclusions These results suggest potential for PF therapy in stroke patient with constipation.