• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the stomatal aperture of wheat variety 'Chokwang' grown in the two different nitrogen level. Stomatal aperture was measured at the maximal tillering, shooting, booting, flowering and grain filling stages. Stomatal aperture in leaf blades gradually increased in accordance with the successive leaf growth. The maximal opening of stomata was observed at flowering stage and around noon in a day, but stomata closed around six o'clock in the afternoon. Stomata opened wider in the high nitrogen application than in the low nitrogen and their effects were the highest at the booting and flowering stage. Diurnal course at stomatal aperture of upper leaves was wider than that of lower leaves regardless of growth stages. Positive correlation (r=0.66$^{**}$) appeared between nitrogen content in leaf blades and stomatal aperture. The leaves of low position and the developing leaves showed smaller stomatal aperture than the full expanded top leaves irrespective of leaf stages. Water content of leaf, root weight and root activity were increased by the nitrogen application and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.ication and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2017

The walls of guard cells have many different specialized features. Guard cells are present in leaves of bryophytes, ferns and almost all of the vascular plants. Guard cells show considerable morphological diversities. It is understood that the stomata show two types in terms of morphological characterizations of guard cells. The first type is only found in a few monocots including Poaceae and Cyperaceae. In rice and corn, guard cells have the morphological characteristics of dumbbell shape. The morphological characteristics of dumbbell shape always have subsidiary cells. The other type is found in every dicots and many monocots and they are kidney-shaped guard cells. The plants of kidney-shaped guard cells rarely have subsidiary cells except Commelina communis L. Therefore, it could be concluded that two types of the morphological characteristics of guard cells cannot divide according to monocots or dicots. Every plants in which stomatal characteristic features were all different, most of them belong to kidney-shaped guard cells. However in case of Sedum sarmentosum, guard cells were shown to be long and narrow lips type. In Tradescantia virginiana, the shape of guard cells could be called perfectly to half-moon type. Therefore, it could be concluded that kidney-shaped types are all different in some way, but dumbbell-shaped types are almost constant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2007

Characteristics of needle morphology and anatomy were examined in 14 populations of Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. and A. koreana Wilson. Additionally we studied the classification index to distinguish between the species by the method of discriminant analysis. Characteristics of needle for A. nephrolepis could be distinguished from those for A. koreana by flatten arrangement, thin and long length for needle form, many stomata row, and marginal position of resin duct Nested ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in all 9 needle traits. For the needle indices such as needle thickness, number of stomata row, and the distance between resin duct and vascular for both species, variance components among populations were larger than those among individuals within populations. The characteristics that contributed most to the separation of A. nephrolepis and A. koreana according to the discriminant analysis using stepdisc procedures were needle index and thickness of needle, needle arrangement index, distance between resin duct and vascular, and number of stomata row.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.517-522
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of needle and the genetic diversity of Pinus pumila Regel which is a unique and the southern peripheral population in South Korea. ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population in all 8 needle characteristics. Average characteristics of 66 individuals were 53.59 mm in needle length, 0.78 mm in needle width, 68.98 in needle index, 0.65 mm in needle thickness, 4.56 ea. in maximum stomata row, 3.80 ea. in minimum stomata row, 8.36 ea. in total stomata row and 1.71 ea. in resin canals, respectively. Resin canal per needle of this species ranged from one to three, depending on external type. Especially, arrangement types were 69.47% in two resin canals and 30.45% in a single resin canal. A total of 78 bands was generated from 9 selected I-SSR primers. The estimates of genetic variation were 61.5% in proportion of polymorphic bands (P), 1.698 in effective number of alleles ($A_e$), 0.388 in expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) and 0.567 in Shannon's information index (S.I.), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1994

Scanning electron micrography and Transmission electron micrography studies were performed on the surfaces of stem(coleoptiles) of rice and barnyardgrass under various cropping patterns at 5 days after seeding or transplanting. Stem surfaces of rice under dry condition possessed rodlet-like epicuticular waxes, trichomes, stomata and cork cell layer in both broadcast and drilled rice while barnyardgrass had only thread-like epicuticular waxes, but trichomes, stomata and cork cell layers were not found. However, rice under water condition has no rodlet-like waxes, stomata and cork cells, and barnyardgrass was similar to that under dry condition. On the other hand, those on stems of 8-day and 25-day transplanted rice were well arranged and developed compared with those of direct seeded rice. Electron micrography showed significant difference in thickness of outer epidermal cell walls of rice and barnyardgrass under dry, water and transplanting condition. Thickness of outer epidermal cell was greater in transplanted rice, dry direct seeded rice, water-direct seeded rice and barnyardgrass in descending order.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.551-561
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out differences in the removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) depending on the type of plants and the morphological characteristics of leaves. A total of 12 plants were used, with three plants selected for each type of leaves (big leaf, small leaf, compound leaf, needle leaf). We measured the removed amount of PM10 and PM2.5, the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer of each plant. Plants with the high removal efficiency of PM included Pachira aquatica Aubl., Ardisia crenata, and Dieffenbachia 'Marianne', and plants with the low removal efficiency included Nandina domestica Thunb, Schefflera arboricola, and Quercus dentata. The abaxial leaf surface having a high removal efficiency of PM had many large wrinkles, and the abaxial leaf surface having a medium removal efficiency was flat and smooth. On the other hand, there were many fine hairs on the abaxial leaf surface with a low removal efficiency. According to the plant leaf type, the PM10 removal efficiency of plants with needle leaves was about three times higher than that of other plants. In particular, the wax layer of conifers weighed 6-24 times higher than those of other plants. The stomata of conifers were evenly distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces; however, the stomata of Sciadopitys verticillata appeared in the form of papillae unlike general stomata. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PM varied depending on the macro-, and micro-morphological characteristics of plant leaves such as the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer. Based on this research, selecting plants that are effective in reducing PM in consideration of the plant type and leaf characteristics will improve indoor air quality and decrease exposure of PM to human body.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.33-40
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• 1980

미국산 사초속 식물의 잎의 표피형에 대한 조사로서 6 Sect., 6 Species에 대해 주사현미경을 사용하여 표피형을 조사하였다. 표피형의 구성요소인 숨구멍(Stomata), 세포벽(Cell wall), 유두돌기(Papillae), 가시돌기 (Prickle), 납질(Waxy)등의 모양을 조사하였다. 표피형 구성세포의 특징이 종류에 따라 차이가 있어 사초속 식물의 감별 및 분류에 좋은 형질이 될수가 있다고 보는 바이다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 1998

Silica bodies (phytoliths) are becoming of wide use for pedology, archaeology, paleobotany and paleoecology in botany. This study investigated morphological differences of silica bodies in the lamina of wild, indica type, and japonica type rice. Phytoliths in the epidermis of lamina showed noticeable difference among tested plants. Besides, there were also significant differences in the shape and distribution of the silica bodies around stomata and trichomes. Silica bodies in the lamina of the rice plants could be used to classify subspecies of Oryza genus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.13-24
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• 1999

식물이 생장하고 발육하며 자신의 생명을 유지해 나가기 위해서는 끊임없이 에너지를 공급받아야 하는데, 이 에너지의 공급원은 태양으로부터 오는 광에너지이다. 이러한 광에너지는 엽록소(chlorophyll)를 함유한 녹색식물의 잎이나 줄기 등에서 기공(stomata)을 통하여 흡수되는 이산화탄소($CO_2$)와 뿌리에서 주로 흡수되는 물($H_2O$)로부터 당류ㆍ전분과 같은 탄수화물을 합성하고 산소를 방출하는데 이러한 광에너지가 화학에너지로 변환되는 과정을 광합성(photosynthesis) 또는 탄소동화작용(carbon assimilation)이라고 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.93.1-93
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• 2003

A growth chamber fumigation was conducted to evaluate the ozone (O3) on the physiology of three hot pepper, Capsicum annuum L. cultivars, 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun'. Thirty-day old plants were exposed to O3 of 120 nl 1-1 in the chambers for 8 h d-1 for 3 days. Foliar damage due to O3 was different from the varieties, 'dabotab'was most sensitive to O3, 'pochungchun' was medium, and 'buchon' was resistant. Ozone symptom on the leaves was bifacial necorsis. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were decreased due to O3 treatment, but they were not much different from the variety. Decreases of net photosynthesis by O3 were 56％, 40％ and 35％ on 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun', respectively Decreases of stomatal conductance by O3 were 66％, 63％, and 50％ on each varieties. Ozone closed the stomata and decrease net photosynthesis on hot peppers regardless of the variety. Light curves on the three varieties were showing similar patterns that O3 damage on net photosynthesis were started at the low levels of light with or without the visible injury, Assimilation-internal CO2 concentration curves of the three cultivars were not different due to the treatment. It means there was not significant biochemical damage Inside the leaves by O3. In conclusion, ozone closed the stomata and damaged light capturing system of the pepper leaves with or without the visible damage. Although visible damage of the leaves could be a good indicator of O3 resistance, the ecophysiological change by O3 were not proportional to the amout of visible injuries