• 제목/요약/키워드: stimulus length

검색결과 57건 처리시간 0.026초

4-6세 정상발달아동 및 성인의 종성파열음 지각력 비교 (The final stop consonant perception in typically developing children aged 4 to 6 years and adults)

  • 변경은;하승희
    • 말소리와 음성과학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2015
  • This study aimed to identify the development pattern of final stop consonant perception using the gating task. Sixty-four subjects participated in the study: 16 children aged 4 years, 16 children aged 5 years, 17 children aged 6 years, and 15 adults. One-syllable words with consonant-vowel-consonant(CVC) structure, mokㄱ-motㄱ and papㄱ-patㄱ were used as stimuli in order to remove the redundancy of acoustic cues in stimulus words, 40ms-length (-40ms) and 60ms-length (-60ms) from the entire duration of the final consonant were deleted. Three conditions (the whole word segment, -40ms, -60ms) were used for this speech perception experiment. 48 tokens (4 stimuli ${\times}3$ conditions ${\times}4$ trials) in total were provided for participants. The results indicated that 5 and 6 year olds showed final consonant perception similar to adults in stimuli, papㄱ-patㄱ and only the 6-year-old children showed perception similar to adults in stimuli, 'mokㄱ-motㄱ. The results suggested that younger typically developing children require more acoustic information to accurately perceive final consonants than older children and adults. Final consonant perception ability may become adult-like around 6 years old. The study provides fundamental data on the development pattern of speech perception in normal developing children, which can be used to compare to those of children with communication disorders.

산업 안전을 위한 시각영역에 관한 연구 (A Study of Visual Field for Industrial Safety)

  • 윤훈용;심정훈
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2002
  • Due to the inconsiderateness of human capability and inappropriate arrangement of display and control unit at the industrial site, the human error leads to a various accidents. This study was performed to investigate the visual range at the eye field and stationary field at the various angles with three different visual stimuli of alphabetic character, color slip and light-emitting diode. Three kinds of various alphabetic characters depending on length and breadth ratio (1:1, 3:5, 5:3) and three different colors (red, yellow, green) were used for the stimuli. Twenty-five subjects (11 males and 14 females) participated for this study. The results showed that female had wider visual range than male at the eye field, however no significant difference was found at the stationary field. The light-emitting diode had a widest visual range then color slip and characters are in order at the eye field and stationary field. For the character stimulus, the widest visual range was shown at length and breadth ratio of 1:1. The other ratios (3:5 and 5:3) showed no significant difference. The color of red had a widest visual range on the light-emitting diode, however, the color of yellow showed a widest visual range on the just color slip at the eye field. The result of this study would be valuable in applying to the design of visual display and the panel layout of control and displays in the industrial site.

안경, 귀걸이, 헤어 길이와 의복 색이 20대 여성의 인상형성에 미치는 영향 - 여대생들의 평가를 중심으로 - (The Effect of Eyeglasses, Earrings, Hair Length, and Clothing Color on Impression Formation of Woman in Her 20s - Focused on the Evaluation of Female College Students -)

  • 이명희;송원영
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.1221-1234
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences and interaction effects in impression formation according to eyeglasses, earrings, hair length, and clothing color worn by woman in Her 20s. A quasi-experimental method was used for this study. The experimental design was a $3{\times}2{\times}2{\times}4$(eyeglasses${\times}$earrings${\times}$hair length${\times}$clothing color) factorial design. The model of stimulus photographs was a woman with an oval shape face in her late twenties. She wore a tailored collared jacket with a white dress shirt. The subjects were 362 female college students. First, the women wearing glasses were found to be more potent but gave more negative impressions in terms of loveliness, politeness, and attractiveness than the women without glasses. Second, the women wearing earrings were perceived to have higher individuality, attractiveness, potency, loveliness, and elegance than the women without earrings. Third, the women with short hair were evaluated to have higher individuality, potency, and elegance, and to have lower loveliness, politeness, and attractiveness than the women with long hair. Fourth, the red clothes were perceived to have the higher individuality, loveliness, and attractiveness than the dark red or grey clothes. The light grey clothes were considered as the most elegant and the dark grey clothes were shown to have low attractiveness. Fifth, the women wearing the horn-rimmed glasses with short hair were evaluated to have high individuality. The women wearing glasses with short hair were evaluated lower in loveliness than those with long hair. The women with short hair, wearing glasses without earrings were evaluated very low in attractiveness.

민어과 어류의 명음에 관한 음향학적 특성 (Characterization of sounds produced by 3 sciaenid species)

  • 이경훈;양용수;김진구;안희춘;신종근
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.206-211
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    • 2007
  • The sciaenid species, which has swimbladder, generates sounds by vibrating in its length wards when spawning or getting stimulus from something else. This research analyzed on sound frequency characteristics relatives to their swimbladder length of three sciaenid species, yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), brown croaker(Miichthys miiuy), and white flower croaker(Nibea albiflora). As results, the dominant frequency for yellow croaker ranged over 38.08 to 141.60Hz in wide frequency band, and the averaged pulse duration expressed in $280.3{\pm}156.0ms$. For brown croaker, the dominant frequency ranged in 49.80 to 59.57Hz, and the averaged pulse duration was $129.1{\pm}36.9ms$. Moreover, the dominant frequency of white flower croaker ranged in 73.24 to 86.91Hz, and the averaged pulse duration was $88.0{\pm}15.9ms$, it has shorter pulse duration than any two species. Therefore, the dominant frequency relatives to swimbladder length of sciaenidae showed that it had widely resonant characteristics and long pulse duration as in shorter swimbladder length. Additionally, for white flower croaker, we could confirm their behavior and sounds in response to production of recorded sounds using underwater speaker.

의복스타일과 색이 신체이미지 지각에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Clothing Styles and Colors on a Body Image Perception)

  • 김효숙;최창석;이은실
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제41권9호
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    • pp.135-148
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clothing colors, clothing styles on women's body image perception. The experimental design was 2${\times}$2${\times}$9(perceiver's gender ${\times}$clothing styles${\times}$clothing colors) factorial design with between-subjects design. Subjects were 320 college students in the metropolitan area of Seoul. Perceiver's gender, clothing styles, and clothing colors gave a significant influence on the 3 variables of shoulder, the upper half of the body, and bust. Shoulder and the upper half of the body had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. Perceiver's gender gave a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, clothing styles did a significant influence on hip size, length of leg, height, and slender figure. Clothing colors gave a significant influence on length of leg, height, and slender figure. Length of leg and slender figure had an interaction effect by perceiver's gender and clothing styles. Hip size had an interaction effect by perceiver's gender and clothing color. Hip size had an interaction effect by clothing styles and clothing color. The results of this study support that coloration of clothing and clothing style affects perception of stimulus persons wearing apparel.

헤어디자인요소의 변화에 따른 헤어스타일이미지 (Hair Style Image by Variations of Hair Design Elements)

  • 이효숙;박숙현
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제32권11호
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    • pp.1782-1791
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to find out the hair style image about variations of hair design elements. The method of this study was quasi-experimentation. The twelve color photographs of manikins with various hair style were used as the stimulus. As measuring instrument, a likert scale composed of 35 items of five point adjectives was used. The sample consisted of 157 males and 140 females residing in the Busan area. The range of the age is from 20 to 55. The survey was conducted from August to September in 2007. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency, crosstabs one-way analysis of variance, Duncan's test and t-test used SPSS Packages. The results of this study were as follows: 1. As a result of factor analysis, 8 factors - romantic, natural, elegant, simple, classic, casual, modem and mannish were found out as constructing factors of hairstyle image. 2. As a result of hair style image analysis about variations of hair-length, The short hair style was perceived in modern, mannish, casual, sophisticate, medurm-length style in classic and elegant, long hair style was perceived to be high in romantic and natural. 3. As a result of hair style image analysis about variations of hair design elements, The length of hair style was the most influential element in hair design and secondly important one was the wave of hair style. The color of hair style didn't critical effect on image of hair style.

Nerve length measurement method in a radial motor nerve conduction study

  • Kim, Jae-Gyum;Kim, Yoohwan;Seok, Hung Youl;Kim, Byung-Jo
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2017
  • Background: Previous studies of radial nerve conduction study (NCS) did not present how to measure the length of the radial nerve across the elbow, and did not even mention how to manage the spiral course of the nerve. This study aimed to applicate the most reliable method to measure the length of the radial nerve during NCS. Methods: Three points (A, B, and C) were determined along the relatively straight course of the radial nerve. The distance was measured using three different methods: L1) straight distance corresponding to the A-C distance, L2) sum of the distances corresponding to the A-B-C distance, L3) based on the L2, but the elbow is flexed at a $45^{\circ}$ angle. We compared the three methods of distance measurement and the calculated nerve conduction velocities (V1, V2, and V3) in normal healthy subjects. Results: 19 normal participants were enrolled. The mean value for method L1, L2 and L3 were $22.5{\pm}1.8cm$, $24.0{\pm}2.1cm$, and $23.2{\pm}2.1cm$ (p < 0.001). Calculated conduction velocities using those distance measurement methods as follows (p < 0.001): V1 ($60.9{\pm}2.7m/s$), V2 ($64.6{\pm}3.3m/s$), and V3 ($63.4{\pm}3.9m/s$). V2 was significantly greater than V1 and V3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: The distance measurement using a stopover point near the lateral epicondyle between two stimulus points in position of a fully extended elbow with forearm pronation is the most appropriate posture for radial motor NCS.

경 두개 직류자극이 뇌졸중 환자의 시간적, 공간적 보행능력에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Trans cranial Directed Current Stimulus on Temporal and Spatial Walking Capacity for Hemiparalysis Patients)

  • 이연섭;전현주
    • 대한물리치료과학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2022
  • Background: This study was to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation due to hemiplegic patients due to stroke on temporal and spatial gait ability. Design: Randomized sham controlled trial. Methods: For the study method, 42 patients with hemiplegia due to stroke were randomly assigned to 14 patients each, and the general walking group, tDCS walking group, and tDCS (sham) walking group were subjected to 5 times a week, 30 minutes a day, and 6 weeks. In the temporal gait variables of hemiplegic patients due to stroke, the effect of the gait time, gait cycle, single support, double support, swing phase, stance phase, gait speed, cadence were measured. In spatial variables, one step length and one step length were measured. Results: As a result of the study, the EG group significantly increased in the step time, gait velocity, and cadence of the paralysis side in the comparison of temporal walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS of walking ability in hemiplegic patients due to stroke patients(p<.05). In the change in spatial walking variables between groups according to the application of tDCS, the step length and stride length of the EG group showed a significant increase. Both the comparison of temporal and spatial symmetry walking variables between groups according to tDCS application was not significant(p>.05) Conclusion: As a result, tDCS has an effective effect on the improvement of the gait ability of stroke patients. In particular, it is an effective method of physical therapy that can improve the cadence and speed of gait, which can be combined with the existing gait training to effectively increase the gait of hemiplegia due to stroke patients.

Comet Assay를 이용한 케일, 명일엽, 당근, 돌미나리 녹즙의 Chinese Hamster Lung 세포 DNA 손상 보호 효과 (Protective Effect of Yellow-Green Vegetable Juices on DNA Damage in Chinese Hamster Lung Cell Using Comet Assay)

  • 전은재;김정신;박유경;김태석;강명희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2003
  • The present study was attempted to investigate the antioxidant capacity of popular yellow-green vegetable juices (kale, Angelica keishei, carrot, small water dropwort) and to investigate the effect of vegetable juices on protecting oxidative damage to DNA in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. Antioxidant capacity was analyzed by TRAP assay (Total radical-trapping antioxidant potential). Cellular DNA dmamage was measured by SCGE (single-cell gel electrophoresis, also known as comet assay. Cells incubated in medium with PBS (negative control) or with various concentration of the freeze dried green juices (25, 50, 100, 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) resuspended in PBS were treated with $H_2O_2$ (200 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) as an oxidative stimulus for 5 min at 4$^{\circ}C$. The physiological function of each vegetable juice on oxidative DNA damage was analyzed and expressed as tail moment (tail length X percentage migrated DNA in tail) . Kale juice had the highest TRAP value suggesting that kale has the highest antioxidant capacity followed by Angelica keishei, small water dropwort and carrot. Cells treated with $H_2O_2$ had extensive DNA damage compared with cells treated with PBS or pre-treated with vegetable juice extracts. All green juices inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage with kale being the most effective juice among the tested juices. These results indicate that green juice supplementation to CHL cells followed by oxidative stimulus inhibited damage to cellular DNA, supporting a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 24-31, 2003)

상아질 지각과민증에 대한 Potassium Nitrate 치약의 임상적 평가 (THE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF POTASSIUM NITRATE DENTIFRICE FOR DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY)

  • 한수부;박상현;문혁수
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.196-204
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this clinical trial was to study the effectiveness of 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice as a daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Thirty subjects with dentinal hypersensitivity were included in a 4-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative study. Stimuli used included mechanical, cold water and compressed air blasts. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. The results indicated that 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice, in comparision with a conventional fluoride dentifrice, reduced dentinal hypersensitivity to a significant degree. The therapeutic response to potassium nitrate was apparent within 2 weeks and increased continuously for the length of the study period. We conclude that 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice is an effective agent for the daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

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