• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1197-1203
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GTase) activity and excretion of fecal sterols in rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly divided into five groups, one with normal diet and four with high cholesterol diets containing 1% cholesterol (w/w). The high groups with cholesterol diet groups were classified into xylooligosaccharide free diet (C), 5% xylooligosaccharide diet (C5XO), 10% xylooligosaccharide diet (C10XO), and 15% xylooligosaccharide diet (C15XO) group according to the five groups of dietary xylooligosaccharide by weights. The experimental diets were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Fecal weights were increased 86% by xylooligosaccharide. Fecal total lipid contents including fecal neutral and acidic sterols in xylooligosaccharide groups were significantly higher than those of the normal and C groups, and especially that of C10XO group was the highest among all experimental groups. Activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GTase) in liver in C group was 35% higher than that of normal group and the activities in C5XO, C10XO and C15XO groups were 15%, 41%, and 21% higher than in C group, respectively. Fecal bile acid excretions per day were increased 3.1, 3.6 and, 2.8 folds in C5XO, C10XO, and C15XO groups, respectively, compared with that of C group. Contents of neutral sterol, coprostanol, and coprostanone were higher in xylooligosaccharide groups than in C group. These results suggest that dietary xylooligosaccharide may act as potential substitute for a dietary fiber capable of improving a gastrointestinal function and lipid metabolism.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 1995

The effects of metathesis for concentrating the tocopherols from soybean and rice-bran scum oils were studied by using the batch reactor under helium atmosphere. The contents of tocopherols in the scum oils decreased consticuously when heated under air atmosphere or when kept in hexane solution above 5 days even at room temperature. The sterols in the scum oils were removed by the mixed solvent method. Metathesis of the sterol-removed scum oils in hexane was performed over Re2O7/Al2O3 and WO3/Al2O3 catalysts, and the concentrate was obtained by distillation in vacuum at $190^{\circ}C$. The effect of metathesis was evaluated as relative ratio of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the concentrate to that in scum oil. The maximum ratio for both scum oils was obtained on 12.8%(w/w)$Re_2O_7/Al2O_3$ catalyst which formed effectively the active sites for metathesis by the reaction between the added tetramethyltin and $Re_2O_7$ on the surface of the catalyst. The optimum amount of the catalyst was 0.5g pre l0g scum oil, and the optimum reaction temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ for both scum oils. The metathesis was more effective in rice-bran scum oil than in soybean scum oil. These facts indicated that the tocopherols in the scum oils can be highly concentrated by applying metathesis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2003

To obtain the oil sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were extracted for 1, 3, or 6 hr by a shanking water bath(35$^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm), and by soxhlet extractor(80$^{\circ}C$) for 1, 3 or 6 hr, respectively. The highest yield of extracted oil was obtained from the walnut(63.07％ weight) and the whole wheat showed the lowest extraction yield of oil(1.13％ weight). Major fatty acids from the extracted oils were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid. The maximum contents of total phytosterol in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were 0.44, 1.57, 2.25, and 2.03(％ weight), respectively. Besides, total tocopherol contents in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were maxima 3.42, 0.16, 2.92, and 0.07(％ weight), respectively. From the extracted oils, structured lipids(SL) were synthesized by the interesterification reaction with conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in a shanking water bath at 55$^{\circ}C$. When the reactions(1:3 substrate molar ratio, extracted oil:CLA) were conducted for 24 hr, maxima 23.75 mol％ of CLA incorporation was obtained from walnut oil and, in other cases, 16.28 - 19.15 mol％ of CLA was found in the produced SL triacylglycerol molecules.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.388-393
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• 1982

Lipids extracted from two garlic samples (Allium sativum Linnaeus) were studied. Total lipid content of the samples ranged from 310 to 342mg/100g of fresh garlic. These lipids were shown to consist of $36.4{\sim}43.5%$ neutral lipids, $20.3{\sim}24.3%$ glycolipids, and $36.2{\sim}39.3%$ phospholipids. Among the neutral lipids, triglycerides were predominant $(80.5{\sim}83.6%)$ with smaller amounts of free sterols, free fatty acids, and sterol esters being present. 1, 2-Diacylglycerol acetates, 1, 3-diacylglycerol acetates and cholesterol acetates were also tentatively identified. Esterified steryl glycosides and steryl glycosides were major sugar-containing lipids, but monogalactosyl diglycerides, cerebrosides, digalactosyl diglycerides and sulfolipids were relatively minor components. Of the phospholipids, phosphatidyl cholines and serines, and phosphatidyl ethanolamines were the major components, comprising over 85% of this class. Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositols were also present. The major fatty acids in the total and three lipid classes were linoleic, palmitic, oleic and linolenic acid.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1316-1323
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate whether myoblasts can be transdifferentiated into adipocytes by ectopic expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-${\alpha}$ (C/$EBP{\alpha}$), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), and Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), in primary bovine satellite cells. Transcription factors were transiently transfected into primary bovine myoblasts, and the cells were cultured with adipogenic differentiation medium for 2 days and then cultured on growth medium for an additional 8 days. Ectopic expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ or C/$EBP{\alpha}$ alone was insufficient to induce adipogenesis in myoblasts. However, overexpression of both $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/$EBP{\alpha}$ in myoblasts was able to induce adipogenic transdifferentiation as indicated by the appearance of mature adipocytes, the induction of adipogenic gene expressions, and the suppression of myogenic gene expressions. In addition, KLF5 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ co-transfected bovine myoblasts were converted to adipocytes but not in cells transfected with only KLF5 expression vector. Overexpression of SREBP1c alone was sufficient to induce transdifferentiation from myoblasts into adipocytes. These results demonstrate that primary bovine satellite cells can be transdifferentiated into adipocytes either by single ectopic expression or combined expression of adipogenic transcription factors in a culture system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 2014

Allium senescens L. is perennial plant of the Liliaceae family that grows throughout Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Our results indicated that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. Allium senescens L. methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme, such as G6PDH and lead to a reduction in the mRNA levels of the transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$. These results indicate that Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibit adipogenesis by modulating ROS production associated with ROS-regulating genes and directly down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2014

We examined the effects of unripe black raspberry water extract (UBR-W) on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: those administered a control diet (CTL), high-fat diet (HFD), UBR-W and simvastatin for 12 weeks. In the HFD group, LDL cholesterol were significantly higher than in the CTL group. However, the UBR-W treated group showed dose-dependent reduction of plasma LDL levels. Hepatic total lipid, TC, and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic mice. However, supplementation with either UBR-W or simvastatin effectively reduced these lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation. UBR-W increased mRNA expression of the LDL receptor, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) compared to that observed in the HFD group. In addition, UBR-W and simvastatin showed significantly reduced oxidized LDL uptake by the scavenger receptor CD36. These results suggest that UBR-W is useful for treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1989

In order to elucidate the action mechanism of prochloraz and triadimefon, the mycelia of the Valsa ceratosperma were treated with the compounds in vitro. Analysis by GLC of the sterol extract from Valsa ceratosperma mycelia revealed one major peak and two minor peaks. Their relative retention time(RRT) relative to chloresterol were 1.29, 1.48 and 1.82, The compounds with RRT 1.29 and RRT 1.82 were identified as ergosterol and 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol by GC/MS, respectively. Five ppm of prochloraz and triadimefon applied to mycelia caused decrease in ergosterol content, whereas increase in 24-methylenedihydrolanoserol content in mycelia. The longer treatment time and the higher concentrations of the chemicals resulted in the greater decrease in ergosterol and the greater increase in 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol. Based on the analysis, it is considered that the two chemicals inhibit the ergosterol biosynthesis in Valsa ceratosperma by blocking C-14 demethylation as found previously in other fungi arid yeasts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

The fruiting body of Phellinus linteus was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2$O. The repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies of the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of four sterols. From the result of spectral data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the sterols were determined as ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3${\beta}$-ol (episterol, 1), 5${\alpha}$,8${\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3${\beta}$-ol (dehydrop-eroxyergosterol, 2), 5${\alpha}$,8${\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3${\beta}$-ol (ergoterol peroxide, 3), and $3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$-dihydroxy-6${\beta}$-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene (6-O-methylcerevisterol, 4). The ergosterols have been first isolated from this mushroom in this study.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with multiple metabolic disorders. The medicinal plant Curcuma longa L. is widely distributed in Asia and has been used to treat a spectrum diseases in clinical practice. To date, there are inadequate reports of the effects of C. longa 50% EtOH extract (CE) on NAFLD. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the CE on an NAFLD animal and elucidate the mechanism of action. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) were treated with CE or milk thistle, and changes in inflammation and stetosis were assessed. Experimental animals were divided into six group (n = 10); Normal, MCD, MCD + CE 50 mg/kg/day (CE 50), MCD + CE 100 mg/kg/day (CE 100), MCD + CE 150 mg/kg/day (CE 150), and the Control, MCD + Milk thistle 150 mg/kg/day (MT 150). Body weight, liver weight, liver function, and histological changes were assessed in experimental animals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed on samples collected after 4 weeks of treatment. We observed that CE administration improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. Treatment with CE also decreased hepatic lipogenesis through modulation of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expresion. In addition, the use of CE increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited the up-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 signaling and the production of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: In this report, we observed that CE regulated lipid accumulation in an MCD dietinduced NAFLD model by decreasing lipogenesis. These data suggeste that CE could effectively protect mice against MCD-induced NAFLD, by inhibiting the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signaling cascades.