• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

The flow and heat transfer characteristics behind a backward facing step located in a vertical channel has been studied. In this study, the numerical prediction has been performed by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and energy equation simultaneously with the SIMPLE algorithm embedied in TEACH code. Local heat flux was measured by using Schlieren Interferometer. The flow visualization was performed using the cylindrical lens and the laser beam that is scattered by the supplied glycerine particles. The velocity and temperature distributions, recirculation region, reattachment length, and local heat flux are obtained under the various parameters to investigate the buoyancy effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics behind the step.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 1998

The present study is aimed to investigate flow characteristics of Two dimensional backward-facing step by numerical approach. A convection conservative difference scheme based upon SOLA algorithm is used for the solution of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow conditions at which the experimental data can be available for the backward-facing step. The twenty kinds of Reynolds number are used for the calculations. In an effort to demonstrate that the reported solutions are dependent on the mesh refinement, computations are performed on seven different meshes of uniformly increasing refinement. Also to investigate the result of inflow dependence, two kinds of the inflow profile are chosen for the laminar flow. As criterion of benchmarking the result of numerical simulation, reattachment length is used for the selected Reynolds numbers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-101
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• 2004

The propose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the partial body weight support during treadmill training on the ambulation in elderly with chronic stroke. Fourteen hemiplegic volunteers participated and were divided into an experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the body weight support during treadmill training was performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. In the control group, usual treadmill training was applied. Before and after experiments, temporal-spatial gait parameters were measured. The date of 14 patients who carried out the whole experimental course were statistically analyzed. The results of the study were : 1. In the comparison of gait velocity before and after experiment, the gait velocity was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait velocity between groups, there was not, significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 2. In comparison of gait cadence before and after experiment, the gait cadence was significantly increased in both groups(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the gait cadence between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 3. In the comparison of step length before and after experiment, the step length was significantly increased in the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In the comparison of difference of the step length between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 4. In the comparison of single support time asymmetry before and after experiment, the single support time asymmetry was no significant difference between groups(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the single support time asymmetry between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). 5. In the comparison of step length asymmetry before and. after experiment, the step length asymmetry was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05). In the comparison of difference of the single step length asymmetry between groups, there was not significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(p>.05).

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

Purpose : We investigated the effect of anti-flexion taping at the proximal interphalangeal joints on the gait in stroke patients with clawing toe. Methods : Nineteen patients (mean age $63.26{\pm}9.16$ years) with clawing toe were studied. Gait performance was measured under two different conditions : (1) non-tape (2) application of tape. Gait velocity, step time and stride length were examined with the GAITRite system Results : Compared to the non-tape control condition, step time of the hemiparetic side increased significantly after the application of tape(p=0.03). There was no significant mean differences between the taped and control conditions for stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity. Conclusion : Whilst the anti-flexion tape at the proximal interphalangeal joints changed the walking by providing significant step time effect, positive changes were noted in stride length of the hemiparetic side after tape application. These findings indicate that anti-flexion tape procedures do not significantly alter stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate exercise load of visitors and physical condition of stairway in the trail of Keumsan located in Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Total trail length of Keumsan is 2,126m, and the number of step-trail section are 15, and the total length of step-trail section is 1,000.4m. Average gradient of step-trail was 20~40%. But the gradient and length were 45.7% and 268.5m in the section 11, and 58.4% and 188.6m in the section 12. The greatest gradient was 67.8% in the section 13. During the climbing in trail, heart rate were 104~184beats/min.. And in the step-trail section 11, 12, and 13, IHR, ELI, and %HRmax were 166.5%, 89.1%, 92.9%, and 167.4%, 89.6%, 93.2%, and 157.8%, 84.5%, 89.9%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.264-270
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• 1996

In this paper, a computer automated system has been developed for measuring the focal length of camera lens using the MTF(Modurar Transfer Function) based on the signal processing around a line CCD and autocollimator. An optical Path for the focal length measurement system has been designed around thelight sourec, collimator, camera, mirror and the line CCD. The eyepiece of the collimator is replaced byline CCD, and the mirror is moved along the focal axis by a PC driven step motor. An efficient method has been designed for finding the optimum MTF value for the focal length based on the least squares approach. The developed system is fullycomputer automated: signal transmission to and from the camera, MTF evaluation based on the line CCD, step motor contorl, etc. The developed system has been applied to a practical camera manufacturing process and demonstrated its performance

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.479-484
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• 2018

This study is an attempt to analyze the changes and morphological analysis of the one length hair style of women in the Imperial Japanese colonial period, and the purpose of this study is to analyze the components of hair design such as shape, texture, and color based on the precedent and the book and to make possible various styles of one length hair style cut. From the results of this study, one length hair style showed the outline shape with no step height of cut length, natural hair texture and natural hair color in 1910s to 1920s. In the 1930s, the one length hair style showed a slight cut length step height and a slight discoloration using a diamond shape, a narrow wave of natural texture, hydrogen peroxide or oxygenated water. In the 1940s, one length hair style did not find any singularity to pursue brilliant beauty(美) in terms of form, texture, and color. This study may enable a deep and detailed follow up study on one length hair style, and will be a cornerstone for the development of basic data of hair beauty education and trend of new mode.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.19 no.1_2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2005

We examine the Fibonacci length of certain centro-polyhedral groups and show that in some cases the lengths depend on tribonacci sequences. Further we obtain specific examples of infinite families of three-generator groups with constant, linear and (3-step) Wall number dependent Fibonacci lengths.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the pelvic tilting exercise, pelvic tilting exercises with floor walking training, pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training on quantitative gait function in patients with hemiplegia. Thirty patients with hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular disease participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of pelvic tilting exercise group, pelvic tilting exercise with floor walking training group and pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training group. The effects of each therapeutic method were evaluated by measurements of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, base of support and foot angle using ink-foot prints. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results of this research are as followings : 1. After treatment, it turned out that pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training has the most effect on gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and foot angle, which has significant difference in statistics (p<0.05). 2. Quantification of the gait velocity, cadence, both stride length and step length demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. The base of support and foot angle in affected side decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. 3. The lumbosacral angle noted a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups, however, an ANOVA analysis did not reveal any differences between groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sciatic nerve mobilization techniques on straight leg raising (SLR) and walking ability in elderly women aged over 65. METHODS: Seventy women aged over 65 were examined using SLR test and forty women were selected as subjects. They were divided into Group I (under $70^{\circ}$ of SLR test of both legs, n=20) and Group II (over $70^{\circ}$ of SLR test of both legs, n=20). Nerve mobilization was applied to both groups (three times a week for 4 weeks). SLR angle was measured using digital goniometer and walking ability was measured by step length, stride length, velocity, double support, using GAITRite System. After 4 weeks, paired t-test was used to compare the changes of SLR test and walking ability within Group I and Group II. RESULTS: In Group I, SLR test, step length, stride length and gait velocity were significantly increased but double support was significantly difference. In Group II, SLR test, step length and stride length were significantly increased but gait velocity was not significantly increased and double support was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: This study showed that sciatic nerve mobilization techniques had positive effects on the SLR angle and walking ability in elderly women.