• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1579-1589
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• 2013

We provide a step-by-step, easy-to-follow procedure for the method of controlled Lagrangian systems. We apply this procedure to solve the energy shaping problem for four benchmark examples: the inertial wheel pendulum, an inverted pendulum on a cart, the system of ball and beam and the Furuta pendulum.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.579-582
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a 4-step inference method needed for constructing a natural language communication system. The method is used to obtain fuzzy quantifier Q′when QA is Fisr τ⇔ Q′(m′A) is mF is m"is τ is inferred (Q, Q′: quantifiers, A: fuzzy subject, m′, m": modifiers, y: fuzzy predicate, τ: truth qualifier). We show that Q′is resolved step by step for two types of Q, including a non-increasing type (few,...) and a non-decreasing type(most,...).

• 응용통계연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.239-254
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• 2021

이 논문에서는, 2개의 혼합된 t-분포(TP-T)의 오차과정을 따르는 이질적 자기회귀 (HAR) 모형을 이용하여, 한국 코로나 (COVID-19) 확진자 수 데이터에 대한 시계열 분석, 즉 추정과 예측에 대하여 연구한다. HAR-TP-T 시계열 모형을 고려하여 HAR 모형의 계수 뿐 아니라 TP-T 오차과정의 모수를 추정하고자 단계별 추정법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안하고 있는 단계별 추정법은, HAR 계수 추정을 위해서는 통상적 최소제곱추정법을 채택하고, TP-T 모수 추정을 위해서는 최대우도추정법을 이용한다. 단계별 추정법에 대한 모의실험을 수행하여, 성능이 우수함을 입증한다. 한국 코로나 확진자 수에 대한 실증적 데이터 분석에서, HAR 모형에서의 차수 p = 2, 3, 4에 대해, 모형의 평균제곱오차가 최소가 되도록 하는 최적화 시간간격(optimal lag)을 포함하여, 여러가지 시간간격을 고려한 HAR-TP-T 모형의 모수 추정값을 계산한다. 제안된 단계별 추정방법과 기존의 MLE만의 방법을, 추정 결과를 제시함으로 함께 비교한다. 본 연구에서 제안하고 있는 추정은 두 가지의 오차 측면, 즉 HAR 모형의 평균제곱오차와 잔차분포에 대한 밀도함수 추정의 평균제곱오차, 두 측면에서 모두 우수함을 입증하였다. 나아가, 추정 결과를 활용한 코로나 확진자 수 예측을 수행하였고, 예측정확도의 한 측도로서 mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)를 계산하여 0.0953%의 매우 작은 오차값을 얻었다. 본 연구에서 선택한 최적화 시간간격을 고려한 HAR-TP-T 시계열 모형 및 단계별 추정 방법은, 정확한 한국 코로나 확진자 수 예측 성능을 제공한다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2014

본 연구는 독성가스 사고의 주요 원인의 하나인 부식에 대해 고압 독성가스시설을 대상으로 필요한 안전기술을 정립하기 위하여 미국석유학회에서 개발한 API-581 절차를 채택하여 사고결과 분석방법에 대한 적용성을 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 사고결과 분석방법을 제시하였다. 고압 독성가스시설에서 API-581의 8단계 사고결과 분석절차에 따라 단계별 적용성을 검토한 결과, 고압 독성가스시설에 적용할 사고결과 분석방법은 총 6단계로 단순화 할 수 있었다. 즉, Step 1(대표물질 결정), Step 5(누출유형 결정), Step 6(유체상 결정)과 Step 8(사고 피해영역 산출)은 적용하지 않고, Step 3(누출량 산출)은 inventory group 개념만 적용하며, Step 4(누출속도 산출)는 기체 누출속도만을 적용하고, Step 2(누출공 크기 선정)와 Step 7(완화시스템 등급 결정)은 전부 적용한다. 이때, Step 5와 Step 8은 일반적으로 적용이 가능한 CCPS 방법을 대안적인 방법으로 채택한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.561-578
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• 1999

The response of a reinforced concrete structure to loading is both immediate and time-dependent. Under a sustained load, the deflections caused by creep and shrinkage may be several times their instantaneous values. The paper describes a general finite element procedure, based on the so-called layered model, to analyse reinforced concrete members, and shows in particular how the simple Step by Step Method may be incorporated into this procedure. By invoking the Modified Newton Raphson Method as a solution procedure, the accuracy of the finite element method is verified against independent test results, and then applied to a variety of problems in order to demonstrate its efficacy. The method forms a general method for analysing highly indeterminate concrete structures in the time domain.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.671-674
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• 2004

This paper presents design and analysis of multi-layered ring-dot type piezoelectric transformer. These transformers are useful for step up and step down. The transformers consist of disk type multi-layered piezoelectric ceramic plates. The finite element method(FEM) was used for analysis transformer. Vibration mode, electric field and equivalent elastic strain of piezoelectric transformer were simulated by changing frequency. As results, the strain was distributed in isolation part entirely. We can get the operated in step up transformer when the inner side electrode using by input parts. Also we can get the step down transformers using by input Part as outer side electrode. The step up ratio and step down ratio was increased by decreasing inner side electrode. The resonance frequency was increased by increasing inner side electrode when the transformer was operated in step down transformer. But the step up one was decreased. From these results, we can expect to multi-layered ring-dot type piezo transformers as step up and step down transformers.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2005

In a power system, an out-of-step condition causes a variety of risk such as serious damage to system elements, tripping of loads and generators, mal-operation of relays, etc. Therefore, it is very important to detect the out-of-step condition and take a proper measure. Several out-of-step detection methods have been employed in relays until now. Most common method used for an out-of-step detection is based on the transition time through the blocking impedance area in R-X diagram. Also, the R-R dot out-of-step relay, the out-of-step prediction method and the adaptive out-of-step relay using the equal area criterion (EAC) and Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) technology have been developed. This paper presents the out-of-step detection algorithm using the time variation of the complex power. The complex power is calculated and the mechanical power of the generator is estimated by using the electrical power, and then the out-of-step detection algorithm which is based on the complex power and the estimated mechanical power, is presented. This algorithm may detect the instant when the generator angle passes the Unstable Equilibrium Point (UEP). The proposed out-of-step algorithm is verified and tested by using Alternative Transient Program/Electromagnetic Transient Program (ATP/EMTP) MODELS.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.179-182
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• 1997

One-step inverse methods based on deformation theory causes some amount of error. The amount of error is generally increased as the deformation path is more complex. As a remedy, a new three dimensional multi-step inverse method is introduced for optimum design of blank shapes and strain distributions from desired final shapes. The approach extends a one-step inverse method to a multi-step inverse method in order to reduce the amount of error. The algorithm developed is applied to square cup drawing to confirm its validity by demonstrating reasonably accurate numerical results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2017

Having the ability to keep on yielding stable solutions in problems involving high potential of instability, composite time integration methods have become very popular among scientists. These methods try to split a time step into multiple sub-steps so that each sub-step can be solved using different time integration methods with different behaviors. This paper proposes a new composite time integration in which a time step is divided into two sub-steps; the first sub-step is solved using the well-known Newmark method and the second sub-step is solved using Simpson's Rule of integration. An unconditional stability region is determined for the constant parameters to be chosen from. Also accuracy analysis is perform on the proposed method and proved that minor period elongation as well as a reasonable amount of numerical dissipation is produced in the responses obtained by the proposed method. Finally, in order to provide a practical assessment of the method, several benchmark problems are solved using the proposed method.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1995

A new actuating mechanism suitable for a micro positioning device is developed using piezo-electric elements. The actuator can make a step movement of 0.5 .mu. m up to 3.5 .mu. m. The step size can be adjusted on demand. By repeating this step action, long distance movement is achieved. Precise positioning can be obtained by combining the coarse motion with the maximum step size and fine motion. Two types of fine motion have been proposed for a driving method. Firstly, feedback control bases on PID is applied. The experimental results for the two method are presented.