• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2022

The study was conducted to establish a method for the proliferation of hybrid poplar (P. alba × P. glandulosa) clone Bongwha1, an excellent biomass species. It was found that to collect the cuttings of Bonghwa1, it was necessary to use the main stem rather than the axillary branch. Stem growth by green-wood cuttings showed a tendency to decrease as the length of the collected cuttings increased, but the survival rate was low. Therefore, modified leafy stem cutting was attempted to increase the survival rate of the cuttings. In the modified leafy stem cutting method, 4 leaves were included in the cuttings, and especially, cuttings were performed using cuttings containing 2-4 cm xylem parts. Leafy stem cutting increased root growth and the number of stems, as well as the survival rate of hybrid poplar clone Bongwha1 compared to green-wood cuttings. The root growth of the leafy stem cutting poplar was better as there was more xylem part. Using two-year-old nursery stocks, the leafy stem cutting was used to produce about 66 cuttings. This study is expected to contribute to the mass propagation of high-quality nursery stocks.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1999

For the mass production of plug seedlings in cultivar ‘Dejima’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the optimal apical cutting diameter for rooting and rapid multiplication of stem cuttings in hydroponics were determined. In addition, the best planting date was predicted to increase tuber yield of plug seedlings at fall cropping in Cheju-Do, Korea. Days to initial rooting decreased as the cutting diameter was reduced. Plant height, leaf number, root length and root weight per plant were favorable as the cutting diameter was small. The ideal cutting diameter was 1-2 mm in this experiment. In the hydroponic cultures, the Japanese standard (JS) nutrient solution was the most effective for multiplication of stem cuttings. It was able to propagate more than 20 times a month from a single mother plant. Viability of plants, which were derived from plug seedlings using stem cuttings, was excellent when transplanted to the field. The number of tubers and tuber yield in both of the plug seedlings and seed potato planting plots were high when planted on 25 August. The number and yield were reduced when planted on 15 August, 5 September and 15 September. The degree of decrease of tuber yield in the plug seedling planting plot however, was lower than that of seed potatoes when the planting date was late. In the case of small tubers (under 30 g), the number of tubers and tuber yield were evidently increased in the seed potato tuber planting plot; the yield of large tuber (over 80g) in the plug seedling planting plot was higher than that of the seed potato. The total tuber yield per plant in the plug seedling planting plot was less than that of the seed potato; therefore, in order to increase tuber yield it was necessary to increase field plant density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

This study was conducted to dentify the optimum plantlet type of 'Solara' potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) for growth in an aeroponics system. Plantlets of 'Solara' were transplanted on March 16, 2015 in a greenhouse, and growth and yield characteristics were investigated at 70 and 78 days after transplanting, respectively. Stem length was shorter in plantlet of 15-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the stem length of plantlets of stem cuttings tended to increase with increasing stem cutting age. The fresh weight of plants was the highest in the plantlets of 40-day-old stem cuttings and the lowest in non-rooted stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture. The highest number of first stolons was obtained in 35-day-old stem cuttings. The number of second stolons was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings, acclimatization of culture, and 30- day-old stem cuttings. The total number of tubers was higher in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the number of tubers above 3 g was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings. The weight of tubers above 3 g was the heaviest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings(1,947 g per 10 plants), followed by plantlets of 30-day-old stem cuttings. These results indicate that plantlets of 30 to 35-day-old stem cuttings could be the best for production of 'Solara' potato tubers in an aeroponics system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate proper stem cutting position and air temperature to regenerate roots from cuttings of bitter gourd. 'NS454' (NS) and 'Dragon' (DR) cultivars were tested and the cutting position was cut at the 3rd node in the stem (treatment I) and cut at the central part (stem segment) between 3rd leaf and 4th leaf in the stem (treatment II). The air temperature was maintained at 18, 23, 28 and $35^{\circ}C$ in the growth chambers, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux at the ground of a chamber was maintained in approximately $150-200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ during the 16-hour photoperiod. The relative humidity in the chambers was maintained over 85%. After 10 days of cuttings, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% the survival rate in the $18^{\circ}C$ or $23^{\circ}C$ treatments, however, most of plants $18^{\circ}C$ treatment had not rooting. In the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% of the rooting rate. In the $23^{\circ}C$ treatment, for DR cultivar, the node cutting showed 90% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. For NS cultivar, the node cutting showed 50% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. DR and NS cultivars have high rooting rate, while the rooting rate remarkably decreased in the $35^{\circ}C$ treatment. For DR cultivar, the stem segment cutting showed 5.3 of the highest rooting number and the node cutting showed 2.7 rooting number in the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment. NS cultivar was not significantly different the rooting regardless of cutting position. The results suggested that cutting at the stem segment cutting of bitter gourd is an effective cutting method for increasing survival rate and the air temperature should be maintained at $28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

The optimal growth condition of in vitro stem cutting of Dendrobium nobile 'Hamana Lake Dream' ${\times}$ 'No. 55' was investigated. Among various media and their concentrations, MS media had better effect on the growth of micro stem cutting than Hyponex media in all concentration levels except stem length. The activated charcoal concentration in MS media showed different effects on number of stem and root, leaf length, and fresh weight: the most effective in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 g/L and barely effective above 2.0 g/L. Addition of agar 5 g/L, sucrose at 40 g/L, and peptone at 1 g/L to MS media increased significantly stem length, leaf width, and fresh weight, internode length and number of roots, and the number of stem and leaves. On the other hand, addition of gelite with any concentration had no effect on the growth of micro stem cutting compare to that of control. The optimal temperature for growth of micro stem cutting was $28^{\circ}C$. Under the same temperature, MS medium was better than Hyponex medium for the growth of stem. In addition, sucrose at 40 g/L was the most effective on growth at $28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

For autumn field cutting of Sedum sarmentosum, the effects of cutting site (distal, middle, and proximal) and planting method (space drill seeding, drill seeding, and broadcast seeding) on survival rate and growth characteristics were investigated at pre- and post-winter season. Plant height root length, stem number per plant, number of branch per plant, fresh weight of shoot, and dry weight of shoot were significantly superior in distal site at pre-wintering (40 days after cutting). At post-wintering (May 10th), stem number per plant, fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in cutting of distal site showed a significant increasement compared to the cutting of proximal site. At pre-wintering (40 days after cutting), the growth in space drill seeding was well than that in drill seeding and broadcast seeding, and fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in space drill seeding were high in order of space drill seeding, broadcast seeding, and drill seeding. At post-wintering (May 10th), stem number per plant, fresh weight and dry weight per $m^2$ in space drill seeding were significantly increased than those in drill seeding. Accordingly, the cutting using distal site of stem in autumn field cutting was desirable for the growth and shoot yield. The space drill seeding showed the highest yield potential among three seeding methods, but broadcast seeding was favorable in saving of labor, because the fresh weight of shoot in broadcast seeding was similar in the space drill seeding at post-wintering.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.298-301
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• 2005

Potato (Solamum tuberosum 'Dejima') plantlets were investigated on culture type and initial quantity of inoculation in bioreactor and survival rate by hydroponics for mass production. rode stems (1 to 1.5cm in length) of potato plantlets multiplied in vitro were grown for 3 weeks in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with sucrose $30 g\; L^{-1}$. When plantlets (80-node inoculation) were raised in 10L balloon type bubble (BB) bioreactor, the healthiest growth of plantlets was obtained from explants cultured in ebb & flow culture with medium supplied periodically 12 times per day. The suitable inoculation quantity of 20L BB bioreactor was 120 pieces of stem segments (mean 2.2g fresh weight) in ebb & flow culture. Number of nodal shoot was eight on the average. In controlled culture room, survival rate of plantlets at 7 days after stem cutting was above $70\%$ when they were acclimatized by hydroponics grown in deep flow and solid medium culture. The highest survival rate of the stem cutting plantlets was in nutrient solution adjusted to EC $1.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Stem cutting plantlets through one culture could be obtained $670\~900$, when plantlets were grown in ebb & flow culture during 3 weeks using a 20L bioreactor with initial 120 pieces of nodal segments. 11 is possible In do mass production of seedlings cultured in bioreactor and hydroponics.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2004

The end-effector is the one of the important factors on development of the cucumber robot to harvester a cucumber. Three end-effectors were designed the single blade end-effector with one blade, the double blade end-effector with two blades and the triple blade end-effector with three blades. Performance tests of the end-effector, the fully integrated system, were conducted to determine the cutting rate by using two different kinds of cucumber. The success rates of cucumber cutting ratio of single end-effector, double end-effector and triple end-effector in laboratory. were 61.7%, 95%, 86.7%, respectively. The cutting rate of single blade or double blade was a little difference with respect to the different diameters of cucumber stem. However, the success cutting rate of the end-effector with triple blade was 61.7% under 29mm diameter of a grabbing stem section. The triple end-effector was not suitable for harvesting a cucumber, but was considered to be suitable for harvesting a grape, an apple and a tomato. The success rate of cucumber cutting ratio of triple end-effectors in greenhouse was 84%. The failure cutting rate was 16% which are due to abnormal shape of cucumber fruit.